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Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
Sapienza – University of Rome
Francesco Petrini, Ph.D., P.E.Konstantinos Gkoumas, Ph.D., P.E.Franco Bontempi, Ph.D., P.E.
Sapienza - University of RomeDipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica
Recent developments and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for wind
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
Presentation outline
2
• Overview of the Performance Based Wind Engineering (PBWE) procedure
• Models for tall buildings and the assessment of occupant comfort:• Application on a high-rise building• Assessment of the annual probabilities of exceeding
the human perception thresholds
• Vibration and occupant comfort issues• Damage analysis• Loss analysis
• Conclusions and indications for further research
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
Presentation outline
3
• Overview of the Performance Based Wind Engineering (PBWE) procedure
• Models for tall buildings and the assessment of occupant comfort• Application on a high-rise building• Assessment of the annual probabilities of exceeding
the human perception thresholds
• Vibration and occupant comfort issues• Damage analysis• Loss analysis
• Conclusions and indications for further research
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
Performance-Based Wind Engineering (PBWE)Uncertainties in wind engineering
4
ENVIRONMENT
Wind actions
Structural systems
Non environmental
actions
EXCHANGE ZONE
Site-specific Wind
Aerodynamic and aeroelastic
phenomenaWind site basic
parameters
Environmental effects (like
waves)
Structural system as modified
by service loads
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Ciampoli M, Petrini, F. & Augusti G., 2011, Performance-Based Wind Engineering: toward a general procedure, Structural Safety, Structural Safety, 33(6), 367-378.
Vm
Mean wind velocity profile
Vm+ v(t)Turbulent wind velocity profileVm
Mean wind velocity profile
Vm+ v(t)Turbulent wind velocity profile
ENVIRONMENT EXCHANGE ZONE
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
5
Types of uncertainties
ENVIRONMENT
Wind actions
Structural systems
Non environmental
actions
EXCHANGE ZONE
1. Aleatory2. Epistemic3. Model
Interaction parameters
Structural parameters
Site-specific Wind
Aerodynamic and aeroelastic
phenomenaWind site basic
parameters
Intensity measure
1. Aleatory2. Epistemic3. Model
1. Aleatory2. Epistemic3. Model
Environmental effects (like
waves)
Structural system as modified
by service loads
IM IP SP
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
SPPIMPSP,IMIPPSP,IP,IMP
Performance-Based Wind Engineering (PBWE)Uncertainties in wind engineering
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
Performance-Based Wind Engineering (PBWE)
6
The problem of risk assessment is disaggregated into the following elements:
- site and structure-specific hazard analyses, that is, the assessment of the
probability density functions f(IM), f(SP) and f(IP|IM,SP);
- structural analysis, aiming at the assessment of the probability density function of
the structural response f(EDP|IM,IP,SP) conditional on the parameters characterizing the
environmental actions, the wind-fluid-structure interaction and the structural properties;
- damage analysis, that gives the damage probability density function f(DM|EDP)
conditional on EDP;
- finally, loss analysis, that is the assessment of G(DV|DM), where G(·|·) is a
conditional complementary cumulative distribution function.
G(DV) = ∫…∫ G(DVDM) · f(DMEDP) · f(EDPIM, IP,SP) · f(IPIM,SP) ·
· f(IM) · f(SP) · dDM · dEDP · dIP · dIM · dSP
Interaction Parameters
Structural Parameters
Intensity measure
IM IP SPEngineering Demand Parameters
EDPDamage Measure
DMDecision Variable
DV
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
PBWE procedure flowchart
7
Petrini, F. & Ciampoli M., 2012, Performance-based wind design of tall buildings, Structure & Infrastructure Engineering, 8(10), 954-966.
O
f(IM|O)
f(IM) f(IP|IM,SP)
f(IP)
f(EDP|IM,IP,SP)
G(EDP)
f(DM|EDP)
G(DM)
f(DV|DM)
G(DV)
Hazard analysis
Interactionanalysis
Structural analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
IP: interaction parameters
EDP: engineering demand param.
DM: damage measure
DV: decision variable
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Environment info
Decision-making
D
f(SP|D)
f(SP)
Structural characterization
SP: structural system parameters
Structural system
info
Ciampoli M, Petrini, F. & Augusti G., 2011, Performance-Based Wind Engineering: toward a general procedure, Structural Safety, Structural Safety, 33(6), 367-378.
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
8
O
f(IM|O)
f(IM)f(IP|IM,SP)
f(IP)
f(EDP|IM,IP,SP)
G(EDP)
f(DM|EDP)
G(DM)
f(DV|DM)
G(DV)
Hazard analysis
Aerodynamicanalysis
Struc’l analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
IP: interaction parameters
EDP: engineering demand parameters
DM: damage measures DV: decision variables
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Environment info
Decision-making
D
f(SP|D)
f(SP)
Structural characterization
SP: structural system parameters
Structural system info
O
f(IM|O)
f(IM)f(IP|IM,SP)
f(IP)
f(EDP|IM,IP,SP)
G(EDP)
f(DM|EDP)
G(DM)
f(DV|DM)
G(DV)
Hazard analysis
Aerodynamicanalysis
Struc’l analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
IP: interaction parameters
EDP: engineering demand parameters
DM: damage measures DV: decision variables
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Environment info
Decision-making
D
f(SP|D)
f(SP)
Structural characterization
SP: structural system parameters
Structural system info
O, D
g(IM|O,D)
g(IM)
p(EDP|IM)
P(EDP)
p(DM|EDP)
P(DM)
p(DV|DM)
P(DV)
Hazard analysis Struc’l analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
EDP: engineering demand param.
DM: damage measure
DV: decision variable
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Facility info
Decision-making
O, D
g(IM|O,D)
g(IM)
p(EDP|IM)
P(EDP)
p(DM|EDP)
P(DM)
p(DV|DM)
P(DV)
Hazard analysis Struc’l analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
EDP: engineering demand param.
DM: damage measure
DV: decision variable
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Facility info
Decision-making
PB
WE
PB
EE
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
Presentation outline
9
• Overview of the Performance Based Wind Engineering (PBWE) procedure.
• Models for tall buildings and the assessment of occupant comfort• Application on a high-rise building• Assessment of the annual probabilities of exceeding
the human perception thresholds
• Vibration and occupant comfort issues• Damage analysis• Loss analysis
• Conclusions and indications for further research
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
10
Tam
ura
, Y
. (2
009
).
Win
d an
d ta
ll bu
ildin
gs,
Pro
cee
ding
s of
th
e F
ifth
Eur
ope
an &
Afr
ican
Co
nfe
renc
e on
Win
d E
ngin
eerin
g (E
AC
WE
5),
F
lore
nce,
Ita
ly,
July
19-
23,
200
9..
Vibration frequency
Acc
ele
ratio
n t
hre
sho
lds
for
mo
tion
p
erc
ep
tion
w(t;z2)Vm(z2)
Vm (z1)
Vm (z3)
V(t;z2)
v(t;z2)u(t;z2)
X
Z
Y
θ
B1B2
H
Loss of serviceability
Loss
of
inte
grity
of
non
-str
uctu
ral
elem
ents
Mot
ion
perc
eptio
n by
bui
ldin
g oc
cupa
nts
Dis
pla
cem
ent
s
Acc
eler
atio
n
Discomfort level in terms of perception thresholds
1
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
11
Loss of serviceability
Loss
of
inte
grity
of
non
-str
uctu
ral
elem
ents
Mot
ion
perc
eptio
n by
bui
ldin
g oc
cupa
nts
Bas
hor,
R
. an
d K
aree
m,
A.
(200
7).
"Pro
babi
listic
P
erfo
rman
ce
Eva
luat
ion
of
Bui
ldin
gs:
An
Occ
upan
t C
omfo
rt P
ersp
ectiv
e",
Pro
c. 1
2th
Inte
rnat
iona
l C
onfe
renc
e on
Win
d E
ngin
eerin
g, 1
-6 J
uly,
Cai
rns,
Aus
tral
ia.
Ava
ilabl
e on
line
at h
ttp://
ww
w.n
d.ed
u/~
nath
az/ [
Acc
esse
d 15
Jun
e 20
10].
w(t;z2)Vm(z2)
Vm (z1)
Vm (z3)
V(t;z2)
v(t;z2)u(t;z2)
X
Z
Y
θ
B1B2
H
Discomfort level in terms of perception thresholds
Usually Across wind vibration is critical for comfort
The reference period for comfort evaluation is 1 year
1
2
3 1st natural frequency is dominant4
1
10
100
0,1 1
a [
cm/s
2 ]
f [Hz]
Office Apartment
Italian Guidelines
f1
Sca
lar
thre
sho
ld
Dis
pla
cem
ent
s
Acc
eler
atio
n
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
12
Case study structure
Structure•74 floors•Height H=305m•Footprint B1=B2=50m (square)
3d f
ram
e on
the
ext
erna
l pe
rime
ter
cent
ral c
ore
Bracing system
A steel high-rise buildingFinite Element model
B1B2
H
FE ModelApproximately•10,000 elements•4,000 nodes•24,000 DOFs
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
13
Experimental model of Actions
Spe
nce
S.M
.J.,
Gio
ffrè
M.,
Gus
ella
V.,
In
flue
nce
of
high
er m
ode
s on
the
dy
nam
ic r
e-sp
onse
of
irreg
ular
and
re
gula
r ta
ll bu
ildin
gs,
Pro
c. 6
th
Inte
rnat
iona
l C
ollo
quiu
m
on
Blu
ff
Bod
ies
Aer
ody
nam
ics
and
App
lica
tions
(B
BA
A V
I),
Mila
no,
Ital
y, J
uly
20-
24,
2008
.
Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel of the CRIACIV in Prato, Italy
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
3000 3200 3400 3600 3800
F [KN]
t [s]
Along Across
1:50
0
Sca
le m
od
el
Response time history
Time domain structural analyses (Experimental actions)
Time domain analyses
Experimental forces
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000
aL, aD
[cm/s2]
t [s]Along Across
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
14
)(),(
),,(exp1
),(),(
22
212
2
hSVc
dAdAfA
hSVchS
uumxD
A A
uumxDDD tt
)(),h(S
)(HVc
),h(S)(H),h(S
2uu
22mxD
DD
2
rr tttt
2
0
2
2
20
2
20
2
2
41
1
1)(
mH
rrmp grr rg
Wind action spectra (analytical)
Response spectra
Peak response
Frequency domain response
Response Peak Factor
Analytical model of the buffeting forces
ωfexpωSωSωS jkuuuuuu kkjjkj
kj
2kj
2z
jkzVzV2π
zzCωωf
Cross-spectrum
5.0
0
uu2xu 200
300(x)dxRu
1L
z
where:
5/3
ju
jux2
uuu
/zLf10.3021ω/2π
/zLfσ6.686ωS
jj
2fri0
0
u2u
u1.75)log(zarctan1.16
(n)dnSσ
)z(V2π
zωf
jm
j
Autospectrum
3ew(t)2ev(t)1eu(t))j(zmV)jz(t;jV
α
10m10
zV(z)V
So
lari,
G.
Pic
card
o,
G.
(20
01
). P
rob
ab
ilist
ic 3
-D t
urb
ule
nce
mo
de
ling
fo
r g
ust
bu
ffe
ting
of
stru
ctu
res,
Pro
ba
bili
stic
En
gin
ee
ring
Me
cha
nic
s, (
16
), 7
3–
86
.
Tur
bule
nt w
ind
velo
city
spe
ctra
(a
naly
tical
)
Model of the Vortex shedding forces(variable with the angle of attack)
1.E+01
1.E+03
1.E+05
1.E+07
1.E+09
1.E+11
0.000 0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000
PSD
n [Hz]
Total Force spectrumTurbulence force spectrumVortex shedding force spectrum
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
15
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
16
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
17
Hazard analysis
)(10
1)(10
10, exp)(
)(),(f
10
kk
V c
V
c
V
c
kV
The roughness length z0 is characterized by a
lognormal PDF. The mean value μz0 and the standard deviation σz0 of z0 are expressed as function of θ (assuming a slight difference between four sectors, i.e. a mean value of z0 varying between 0.08 m and 0.12 m and a COVz0 equal to 0.30).
V10 and θ are described by their joint probability
distribution function
θ
V10
IM =
θ
V10
z0
Parameters c(θ) and k(θ) are derived from NIST® wind speed database.
(Annual occurrence)
Models for tall buildings and the assessment of occupant comfort
O
f(IM|O)
f(IM) f(IP|IM,SP)
f(IP)
f(EDP|IM,IP,SP)
G(EDP)
f(DM|EDP)
G(DM)
f(DV|DM)
G(DV)
Hazard analysis
Interactionanalysis
Structural analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
IP: interaction parameters
EDP: engineering demand param.
DM: damage measure
DV: decision variable
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Environment info
Decision-making
D
f(SP|D)
f(SP)
Structural characterization
SP: structural system parameters
Structural system
info
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
18
Models for tall buildings and the assessment of occupant comfort
Interaction analysis IP =
gr
CD
CL
O
f(IM|O)
f(IM) f(IP|IM,SP)
f(IP)
f(EDP|IM,IP,SP)
G(EDP)
f(DM|EDP)
G(DM)
f(DV|DM)
G(DV)
Hazard analysis
Interactionanalysis
Structural analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
IP: interaction parameters
EDP: engineering demand param.
DM: damage measure
DV: decision variable
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Environment info
Decision-making
D
f(SP|D)
f(SP)
Structural characterization
SP: structural system parameters
Structural system
info
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
19
Interaction analysis IP =
gr
CD
CL
O
f(IM|O)
f(IM) f(IP|IM,SP)
f(IP)
f(EDP|IM,IP,SP)
G(EDP)
f(DM|EDP)
G(DM)
f(DV|DM)
G(DV)
Hazard analysis
Interactionanalysis
Structural analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
IP: interaction parameters
EDP: engineering demand param.
DM: damage measure
DV: decision variable
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Environment info
Decision-making
D
f(SP|D)
f(SP)
Structural characterization
SP: structural system parameters
Structural system
info
Models for tall buildings and the assessment of occupant comfort
462.2507.1265.0 2 rg
122if650
122if46
213
45
2
21
.T.
.T.
)Tln(
.
)Tln(
.
windr,e
windr,e
windr,e
windr,e
gr
1690if
690100if
380631 450
r
r
r
r.
r
r,e
q.
.q.
.q.
r
rr
(Obtained from time-domain analyses)
The peak response factor gr is characterized by a Gaussian distribution function
g*r = -0.2562 + 1.507 + 2.462
3.00
3.40
3.80
4.20
4.60
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
g*r
[%]
rg
rg
Vanmarcke (1975)
The aerodynamic coefficients CD and CL are characterized by Gaussian distributions. Mean values are expressed as a function of θ, varying from those corresponding to a square shape (for θ = 0) to those corresponding to a rhomboidal shape (for θ = 45); the coefficient of variations of CL and CD are taken equal to 0.07 and 0.05. 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90
Mea
n ae
rody
nam
ic c
oeff
icie
nts
θ [deg]mCD mCLμCD μCL
DC
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90
Mea
n ae
rody
nam
ic c
oeff
icie
nts
θ [deg]mCD mCLμCD μCL
LC
rrmp grr
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
20
EDP = aLp
G(EDP) = ∫…∫ G(EDPIM, IP, SP) · f(IPIM,SP) · f(IM) · f(SP) · dIP · dIM · dSPMonte Carlo sim
(5000 runs)
w(t;z2)Vm(z2)
Vm (z1)
Vm (z3)
V(t;z2)
v(t;z2)u(t;z2)
X
Z
Y
θ
B1B2
H
aLp
Reduced formulation
O
f(IM|O)
f(IM) f(IP|IM,SP)
f(IP)
f(EDP|IM,IP,SP)
G(EDP)
f(DM|EDP)
G(DM)
f(DV|DM)
G(DV)
Hazard analysis
Interactionanalysis
Structural analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
IP: interaction parameters
EDP: engineering demand param.
DM: damage measure
DV: decision variable
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Environment info
Decision-making
D
f(SP|D)
f(SP)
Structural characterization
SP: structural system parameters
Structural system
info
Structural analysis
Models for tall buildings and the assessment of occupant comfort
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
21
Risk Curve. EDP= aLp = peak acceleration in the across wind direction
The annual probabilities of exceeding the human perception thresholds for apartment and office building vibrations are 0.0576 and 0.0148 respectively.
w(t;z2)Vm(z2)
Vm (z1)
Vm (z3)
V(t;z2)
v(t;z2)u(t;z2)
X
Z
Y
θ
B1B2
H
aLp
G(a
Lp )
aLp [mm/s2]
Ciampoli, M. & Petrini, F., 2012, Performance-Based Aeolian Risk assessment and reduction for tall buildings, Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 28 (75–84).
Models for tall buildings and the assessment of occupant comfort
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
22
TMD
Design Parameters
γ = mTMD/mtot
β = ωTMD/ ω1
ξ* = damping of TMD
90
0.125 0.145 0.165 0.185
β = 0.70 ; ξ* = 1% - 10% β = 0.80 ; ξ* = 1% - 10%
β = 0.90 ; ξ* = 1% - 10% β = 1.02 ; ξ* = 1% - 10%
β = 1.10 ; ξ* = 1% - 10% β = 1.20 ; ξ* = 1% - 10%
β = 1.30 ; ξ* = 1% - 10% Uncontrolled
Apartment Office
a Lp
[mm
/s2 ]
n [Hz]
β = ξ* =
β = ξ* =
β = ξ* =β = ξ* =
β = ξ* =
β = ξ* =
β = ξ* =
G(a
Lp )
aLp [mm/s2]
Parametric analysis Effects on risk
γ = 1/150
Aeolian Risk reduction using TMD
Models for tall buildings and the assessment of occupant comfort
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
Presentation outline
23
• Overview of the Performance Based Wind Engineering (PBWE) procedure.
• Models for tall buildings and the assessment of occupant comfort• Application on a high-rise building• Assessment of the annual probabilities of exceeding
the human perception thresholds
• Vibration and occupant comfort issues• Damage analysis• Loss analysis
• Conclusions and indications for further research
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
24
Vibration and occupant comfort issues
Consequences of wind induced vibrations
in high rise buildings
-Fear and alarm
-Discomfort
-Reduced task concentration
-Dizziness, migraine and nausea
Kwok, K.C.S., Hitchcock, P.A. & Burton, M.D., 2009, Perception of vibration and occupant comfort in wind-excited tall buildings, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 97(7-8), 368-380
Wind induced vibration−Damage analysis−Loss Analysis
Studies on human perception of vibration and tolerance thresholds
-Field experiments and studies in wind-excited buildings
-Motion simulator tests
-Field experiments conducted in artificially excited buildings
Mitigation measures
-Modifications to the structural system and/or the
aerodynamic shape
-Installation of vibration control devices
- Negative impressions/ publicity
- Eventually they can be an attraction
O
f(IM|O)
f(IM) f(IP|IM,SP)
f(IP)
f(EDP|IM,IP,SP)
G(EDP)
f(DM|EDP)
G(DM)
f(DV|DM)
G(DV)
Hazard analysis
Interactionanalysis
Structural analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
IP: interaction parameters
EDP: engineering demand param.
DM: damage measure
DV: decision variable
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Environment info
Decision-making
D
f(SP|D)
f(SP)
Structural characterization
SP: structural system parameters
Structural system
info
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
25
O
f(IM|O)
f(IM) f(IP|IM,SP)
f(IP)
f(EDP|IM,IP,SP)
G(EDP)
f(DM|EDP)
G(DM)
f(DV|DM)
G(DV)
Hazard analysis
Interactionanalysis
Structural analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
IP: interaction parameters
EDP: engineering demand param.
DM: damage measure
DV: decision variable
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Environment info
Decision-making
D
f(SP|D)
f(SP)
Structural characterization
SP: structural system parameters
Structural system
info
Damage analysis
Probabilistic damage analysis: assign a probability distribution to the perception thresholdsProcedure: obtain a pdf that assigns at each vibration level a percentage of persons that experience discomfort
Kwok, K.C.S., Hitchcock, P.A., 2008. Occupant comfort test using a tall building motion simulator. In: Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Advances in Wind and Structures, Jeju, Korea, 28–30 May.
Vibration and occupant comfort issues
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
26
O
f(IM|O)
f(IM) f(IP|IM,SP)
f(IP)
f(EDP|IM,IP,SP)
G(EDP)
f(DM|EDP)
G(DM)
f(DV|DM)
G(DV)
Hazard analysis
Interactionanalysis
Structural analysis Damage analysis Loss analysis
IM: intensity measure
IP: interaction parameters
EDP: engineering demand param.
DM: damage measure
DV: decision variable
SelectO, D
O: location
D: design
Environment info
Decision-making
D
f(SP|D)
f(SP)
Structural characterization
SP: structural system parameters
Structural system
info
Loss analysis
Probabilistic loss analysis: assign a cost probability for different damagesIssues: the uncertainty in the cost relies on various factors (e.g. market trend)
DM
Non structural elements
Structural elements
Comfort
SafetyServiceabilitySafety
Serviceability
DVDirect
Indirect
(As a direct damage to the structure)
(As a consequence of the damaged structure)
IM
SPIP EDP DM DV- Direct VS indirect cost that are not
possible to account for in monetary terms.
- Initial VS life-cycle cost. In particular
regarding the evaluation of retrofitting
strategies that could improve the
serviceability performance (e.g. comfort),
by means of vibration mitigation.
Vibration and occupant comfort issues
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
Presentation outline
27
• Overview of the Performance Based Wind Engineering (PBWE) procedure.
• Models for tall buildings and the assessment of occupant comfort• Application on a high-rise building• Assessment of the annual probabilities of exceeding
the human perception thresholds
• Vibration and occupant comfort issues• Damage analysis• Loss analysis
• Conclusions and indications for further research
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
• Occupant comfort is an important issue in the design of tall buildings. Due to the stochastic nature of wind action and wind-induced vibration, deterministic analyses are inadequate for carrying out a comfort assessment.
• The insertion of passive control devices can reduce the vibration perception of building occupants. But the effectiveness of the device must be evaluated in terms of cost (by computing the probability of exceeding acceptable values of an appropriate DV).
• Damage and loss analysis of wind-induced vibrations will be based on corroborated literature studies that provide statistics on the occupant comfort.
28
Conclusions and indications for further research
Recent developm
ents and uncertainty aspects in the performance based design of structures for w
ind
COMPDYN 20134th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering, 12-14 June, Kos, Greece
Francesco PetriniKonstantinos GkoumasFranco Bontempi
Thank you for your attention
29
Francesco Petrini, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco BontempiSapienza - University of Rome, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica
Acknowledgements:Prof. Marcello Ciampoli, Prof. Giuliano AugustiThis study is partially supported by StroNGER s.r.l. from the fund “FILAS - POR FESR LAZIO 2007/2013 - Support for the research spin-off”.