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Constance Malpas, Research Scientist
Collection Directions: Research collections in the network environment
17 December 2014 - NFAIS Webinar
Boundaries shift
when transaction costs fall
(network efficiencies
reduce transaction costs)
… affecting locus (source) and
scale of collections management
Overview
2 31
Collections
• The evolving scholarly record
• Attention and investment: the collections grid
Trends
• Collections as a service
• Workflow is the new content
• From curation to creation
• Inside-out collections
Collection directions
Right-scaling
• Stewardship: shared print
• Partnership: coordination capacity
The evolving scholarly record
Framing the Scholarly Record …
Attention & Investment
Low Stewardship
In few collections
In many collections
Research & Learning Materials
Open Web Resources ‘Published’ materials
Special CollectionsLocal Digitization
Licensed
PurchasedHigh
Stewardship
Journals
1. Licensed materials constitute largest share of budget
2. Publishers looking to research workflow (Elsevier: Mendeley, Pure)
3. National science/research policy mandates and open access
4. Rapid decomposition – new content carriers
Monographs
1. Emergence of ‘E’ (platform)
2. Shift to demand driven acquisition
3. Digital corpora
4. Disciplinary differences
Special collections, archives
1. Maximize community engagement
2. Maximize network exposure, syndication
3. Streamline operations, processing
4. Network level aggregation – DPLA, Europeana, etc.
Research and learning materials
1. Evolving scholarly record – research data, OER etc.
2. Repository infrastructure – scalable?
3. Research information management
4. Support for digital scholarship, OA publishing
Collections as a service
The ‘owned’ collection
The ‘facilitated’ collection
The ‘licensed’ collection
The ‘borrowed’ collection
• Pointing people at Google Scholar• Including freely available e-books
in the catalog• Creating resource guides for web
resources
• Purchased and physically stored
A collections spectrum
The ‘demand-driven’ collection
The ‘shared print’ collection
Workflow is the new content
arXiv, SSRN, RePEc, PubMed Central (disciplinary repositories that have become important discovery hubs);
Google Scholar, Google Books, Amazon (ubiquitous discovery and fulfillment hubs);
Mendeley, ResearchGate (services for social discovery and scholarly reputation management);
Goodreads, LibraryThing (social description/reading sites);
Wikipedia, Yahoo Answers, Khan Academy (hubs for open research, reference, and teaching materials).
GalaxyZoo, FigShare, OpenRefine (data storage and manipulation tools)
Github (software management)
Wouter HaakElsevier, VP Product StrategyLIBER, Riga, 2014
http://www.nature.com/news/online-collaboration-scientists-and-the-social-network-1.15711
V&R Framework
(White and Le Cornu 2011)
Visitors and Residents resources: http://goo.gl/vxUMRD
• significant online presence and usage
• high level of collaborative activity online
• contributions to the online environment
• functional use of technology, linked to formal need
• less visible/more passive online presence
• favors face-to-face interactions
Reputation management
As a content provider,
we want to maximize
network visibility of
our research
22
http://blog.impactstory.org/category/impact-challenge/
Workflow is the new content
• In a print world, researchers and learners organized their workflow around the library.
• The library had limited interaction with the full
process.
• In a digital world, the library needs to organize itself around the workflows of research and learning.
• Workflows generate and consume information resources.
The inside out collection
Low Stewardship
High Stewardship
In few collections
In many collections
OCLC Collections Grid
Research & Learning Materials
Open Web ResourcesPurchased MaterialsLicensed E-Resources
Special CollectionsLocal Digitization
Licensed
Purchased
Scarcity
Abundance
In few collections
In many collections
A
Licensed
Purchased
OCLC Collections Grid
Distinctive
Low Stewardship
High Stewardship
Commodity
Inside, out
Library as publisher
Maximize discoverability
Now
Outside, inLibrary as broker
Maximize efficiency
Then
From curation to creation
Collection directions
University of Minnesota
ARL Institutional profile
2009
“In alignment with the University's strategic positioning, the University Libraries have re-conceived goals, shifting from a collection-centric focus to one that is engagement-based.”
http://umcf.umn.edu/awards/2006/images/margo_library_lg.jpg
http://www.libqual.org/documents/admin/Profiles_apndx_C.pdf
32
Kurt de Belder
“Transformation of the
academic library”
http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/research/events/dss/ppt/dss_debelder.pptx
http://www.arl.org/storage/documents/publications/NRNT-Liaison-Roles-final.pdf
An engagement model in
which library liaisons and
functional specialists
collaborate to understand
and address the wide
range of processes in
instruction and scholarship
is replacing the traditional
tripartite model of
collections, reference, and
instruction.
New roles …
• research services
• digital humanities
• teaching and learning
• digital scholarship
Academic libraries are
positioning themselves
as centers of expertise
for a new kind of
knowledge work
Expert guidance and
support in managing
reputation, maximizing
research impact
The Publisher’s New JobThe publisher’s new job is to
support researchers at every
stage of the research cycle
-Annette Thomas, CEO
Macmillan
Which new ideas are
good?
1. Does it build
engagement with
researchers?
2. Does it leverage
that engagement?
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/phillbjones/emerging-needs-in-the-scholarly-publishing-space
http://www.digital-science.com/blog/guest/are-we-heading-for-a-librarian-vs-publisher-data-
publishing-space-race/
While there is a continuing trend towards open access,
a somewhat quieter revolution is building … that
threatens to have an even more fundamental effect on
the scholarly communication industry.
Right-scaling Stewardship
Shared print- collective collection
Then: Value relates to depth and
breadth of local collection.
Now: Value relates to curation and
availability of system-wide resource;
right-scaling stewardship models
41
Shared data network for decision support
Liberal arts college libraries
Research university libraries
significant duplication
in US academic collections
Source: C. Malpas. OCLC Research, 2011.
North American print book resource:45.7 million distinct publications889.5 million total library holdings
Mega-regions & Shared Print Initiatives
OCLC Research, 2013
Orbis-
Cascade
CIC
ASERL
SCELC
MSCS
WRLC
OCUL
GWLA
WEST
FLARE
We expect that within a decade the larger part of the North American
‘collective collection’ will have moved into shared management.
EAST
Mobilize Support
StewardSteward
Discover
Group scale
Research
Repository
Reputation
workflows
content
impact
support
manage
maximize
“a holistic view of … research
activity [for] better informed
decisions that drive the future
success of their research strategy,
associated activity and
programs”
Group scale…
new pathways for collaboration … that serve as
models for institutions of higher learning to accelerate
their national and global impact“ ”
http://www.pitt.edu/chancellor/library-collaboration
Multi-scalar strategy
50
M
Columbia
WEST
2CUL
ReCAP
HathiTrust
HathiTrust
HathiTrust
MARLI
HathiTrust
UC
UCLA
RLF
PKP
CMU
simultaneous participation in cooperative
efforts operating a multiple scales
?
Pitt
CMU
http://www.oclc.org/research
Credits
52
The work presented here represents the joint efforts of several
colleagues at OCLC Research. Credit for the collections grid is due to
Lorcan Dempsey and Eric Childress. Brian Lavoie was the lead author of
our Evolving Scholarly Record framework. JD Shipengrover assisted with
visualizations for the Evolving Scholarly Record and Mega-regions
analyses.
Related projects and work products are associated with OCLC Research
on Understanding the System-wide Library and Research Collections
and Support.
Further information:
http://oclc.org/research/activities/usl.html
http://oclc.org/research/activities/arm.html