COASTAL POLICE

Ravishankar M Intern

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Coastal Police

• Set up under the Coastal Security Scheme Phase I of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

• The Scheme had an outlay of 646 crore - 495 crore for non-recurring Expenditure and 151 crore for recurring expenditure for 6 years on fuel,repairs and maintenance of the boats and training of Marine Police personnel.

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PHASE I – COASTAL SECURITY SCHEME

(COMPLETED)

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DELIVERY OF BOATS UNDER PHASE I

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PHASE II - IMPLEMENTED

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PHASE II - SANCTIONED

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• 2,346 police personnel have been imparted training by the Coast Guard.

• 10 lakh per Police Station has been approved for computers and equipments.

• Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC) has been signed by the Ministry of Home Affairs, on behalf of coastal States/UTs, with GSL and GRSE for a period of four years.

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COASTAL POLICE IN KERALA

• Currently Kerala Police maintains 8 Coastal Police Stations, located at Vizhinjam (Thiruvananthapuram District), Neendakara (Kollam District), Thottampally (Alapuzha District), Fort Kochi (Ernakulam District), Azhikkode (Thrissur District), Beypore (Kozhikode District), Azheekkal (Kannur District) and Thalangara (Kasargode District)

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FORT KOCHI COASTAL POLICE

• Jurisdiction - Upto 12 nautical miles from baseline from Chellanam to Munambam.

• Station House Officer (SHO) – Circle Inspector

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PERSONNEL

Designation Sanctioned Strength Strength Present

Circle Inspector 1 1

Sub – Inspector 3 5

Asst. Sub – Inspector 3 3

Senior CPO 9 12

CPO (Prev. Constable) 30 19

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Other Staff

Designation Sanctioned Strength Strength Present

Syrang 6 6 (5 daily wage workers)

Boat Driver 6 6 (All daily wage

workers)

Lascars 6 6 (All daily wage

workers)

Jeep Driver 2 2

Sweeper 2 1 (All daily wage

workers)

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Type No.

5 Ton Interceptor Boat 2

2 Ton Interceptor Boat 1

Motorcycle 3

Cars 2 (Tata Sumo)

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Cases Registered

Year No.

2013 3

2012 5

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• Patrolling is normally done upto 3 nm. However, in rough weather, patrolling is not carried out.

• The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) manual of the Coastal Police stations requires an intelligence wing to be setup in each station. In the Fort Kochi station, this wing comprises personnel from the station itself. Intelligence is collected mainly from land.

• Coastal Police Stations maintain an additional 19 records alongwith the normal records that all stations maintain.

• When people who, otherwise, are not allowed to enter Indian territory without a permit are to be brought into India, the Intelligence Bureau takes over such people.

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COMMUNICATION

• The coastal police station is capable of communicating with the navy via a

24*7 functioning hotline to the Joint Operation Centre.

• The station is connected to the Control Room of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) at Kochi Port.

• The station also has liaison with the customs, coast guard, BPR&D ( Bureau of Police Research and Development) and ADGP Intelligence.

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ISSUES FACED

• Two of the boats in the station were not in working condition.

• When the interceptor boats are to be lifted onto land or back into water, pvt. Crane companies are called. They bill large amounts per hour. The commissioner, IG and DGP have spending limits of Rs. 5,000, Rs. 15,000 and Rs. 30,000 respectively (figures not certain). Whenever that limit is exceeded, they have to approach the state govt. which would result in the request getting stuck in redtape.

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ISSUES FACED

• The boats are covered by a warranty for a period of 4 years from Goa Shipyard ltd. after which there is uncertainty as to who will undertake maintenance work.

• Incapable of conducting patrols in rough weather.

• The propellers of the interceptor boats take in a lot of dirt and waste which results in high maintenance work.

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കടലലലോര ജോഗ്രത സമിതി • Setup in all coastal area police station districts in Kerala.

• Comprises 22 members.

• Integral part of HUMINT (Human Intelligence)

• Monthly meetings, Awareness classes and training programmes for members as well as coastal population

• Each member given sim-card which is topped up monthly by the police.

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KJS in Ernakulam District

Place Number

Vypin 2

Fort Kochi 2

Thoppumpady 1

Munambom 2

Njarakkal 2

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KJS in Thrissur and Kasargod

Thrissur (6)

Kodungallur

Mathilakam

Valappad

Vatanappilly

Chavakkad

Vadakkekkad

Kasargod (7)

Manjeshwar

Kumbla

Kasaragod

Bekal

Hosdurg

Nileshwar

Chandera

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PORT SECURITY IN INDIA

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Port Security • International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS) adopted in all 12

major ports and 53 minor ports in India

• ISPS code was formulated by IMO after 9/11

• It outlines "a standardized, consistent framework for evaluating risk, enabling governments to offset changes in threat with changes in vulnerability for ships and port facilities."

• At present no Indian port is Container Security Initiative (CSI) compliant. A CSI compliant port requires large numbers of special electronic and X-ray machines to quickly scan hundreds of containers being offloaded from ships onto trucks before they are driven to major cities inland.

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• CISF is in-charge of security in major ports.

• Ministry of Shipping awarded 70 crore to Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), to install radiation detection equipment at the 12 major ports.

• “Need to find a balance between security and efficiency in the contemporary cargo and ports security context.”

• Ships waiting for extra time incur demurrage which is ultimately passed on to the shipper, adding to the transaction costs of the exporter

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• India has announced a new set of guidelines for security clearance for port projects in the country, which will speed up response time.

• Delay in granting security clearances has affected efficiency

• India's Cabinet Committee on Investment has requested various security agencies to adhere to the 12-week period of awarding clearances

• Shipping Ministry has asked a Committee of Secretaries (CoS) to expeditiously review the current norms and exempt Indian companies with less than 15 per cent of foreign equity from the purview of national security clearance.

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• Govt. has been wary of Chinese investment in port development

• Govt. denied security clearance to the winning bidders — a consortium of two Chinese companies, Kaidi Electric Power Co and China Harbour Engineering Co and Mumbai-based Zoom Developers in August, 2006 for the Vizhinjam project

• Hong Kong-based Hutchison Port Holdings, one of the world’s leading port developers, has not been successful in bidding for port projects in Chennai and Mumbai (Jawaharlal Nehru Port) due to its Chinese connections.

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• “India’s port tariffs are higher than other competing ports in South Asia.”

• the vessel related charges in India for a ship with a capacity to load 2,500 standard cargo containers range from $8,500 (Jawaharlal Nehru Port) to $23,000 (Cochin Port).

• $2,500-3,000 in Dubai and $4,500-5,000 in Colombo.

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Port Security Levels

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Dry Ports

• A dry port is an inland terminal directly connected by rail or road to a sea port, providing services for handling, temporary storage, inspection and customs clearance for international freight

• India has 155 places so notified, with 89 in the development stage.

• Dry Ports do not come under the purview of the ISPS code.

• GOI has not prescribed any minimum security standards for a dry port operator.

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Maritime Domain Awareness in

India

Definition

• Maritime domain awareness (MDA) is defined by the International Maritime Organization as the effective understanding of anything associated with the maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment.

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Coastal Surveillance Network

• Sensors are typically located atop lighthouses owned and operated by India’s Director General Lighthouses & Lightships (DGLL).

• 46 radars in the first phase, 36 will be installed on the main land and 10 in island territories.

• Already installed 36 radars on the main land

• Phase-I was conceptualized to provide real time surveillance cover upto 25 nautical miles around the areas of high sensitivity and traffic density along our coast line.

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• In the phase-2 of CSN, India will have another 38 radars.

• During the Phase-II, the Static Radar Chain is also proposed to be supplemented by 08 Mobile Surveillance Systems.

• The Indian MoD describes the CSN as a “robust hierarchical network” connecting 12 district headquarters (DHQ), five regional headquarters (RHQ), and the Coast Guard Headquarters (CGHQ) at New Delhi.

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National Automatic Identification

System (NAIS) Network • Implemented by India’s Directorate General of Lighthouses and Lightships

(DGLL)

• The International Maritime Organization's International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea requires AIS to be fitted aboard international voyaging ships with gross tonnage (GT) of 300 or more tons, and all passenger ships regardless of size.

• In India, under the Coastal Security Scheme, the Director General (Shipping) has issued two circulars to ensure that all types of vessels including fishing vessels, except vessels of less than 20 feet length are installed with AIS transponders for the purposes of identification and tracking.

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• For vessels of less than 20 meters length, a Committee under the Director General, Coast Guard has carried out ‘No Cost No Commitment (NCNC)’ trials of suitable tracking systems

• two ‘pilot projects’ will be held at Mumbai and Porbander to test the suitability of the three technologies

• The NAIS has been integrated with Gulf of Kachchh (GOK) VTMS network to provide a Common Operating Picture (COP) with radar and AIS target correlated.

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Flow of Data • Data from surveillance network would be further supplemented with the

AIS data from the National AIS Chain of DGLL/Ministry of Shipping and interfaced with the Vessel Traffic Management Systems (VTMS) of the major ports, Fishing Vessel Monitoring System, Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) and National Command Communication Control and intelligence Network (NC3I) of Indian Navy.

• The sensor data generated by the Coastal Surveillance Network would also be shared with other maritime agencies via the NC3I network

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National Command Control

Communication and Intelligence Network

(NC3IN)

• National Command Control Communication and Intelligence Network (NC3IN), is being set up by Navy as the "main backbone" for the national MDA project.

• The aim is to generate a "common operational picture" of all ongoing activities at sea through an institutionalised mechanism for collecting, fusing and analysing information from technical and other sources.

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• “State monitoring centres" in coastal states/UTs to act as nodes for the national MDA network and upgradation of the four existing joint operations centres at Mumbai, Kochi, Vizag and Port Blair to be carried out.

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Satellites

• The Navy will soon have its own ISRO built GSAT 7 satellite in GEO orbit and with the Israeli Orbit terminals (Rukmani) fitted on large warships making instant transfer of data will be possible.

• The Indian Regional Navigation Seven Satellite System [IRNSS] also being progressed by ISRO will be operational in 2013 to provide GPS data with in 1000 miles range of India.

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• Need to set up VTMS at the 56 non-major ports that handle international traffic.

• small vessels under 20 meters in length, like the hijacked fishing boat used by the seaborne terrorists in 2008 is difficult to track as these vessels are not yet required to carry AIS.

• Various people such as Admiral Suresh Mehta have echoed the need for a National Maritime Adviser to coordinate between the various maritime organs.

Issues

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