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Keynote address to the 2013 Czech Digital Preservation Society conference, Czech National Archives, Prague, October 1, 2013. Discusses two conceptions of trust: one that is technical, one that is about relationship-building
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Dr. Natalie HarrowerManager, Education and OutreachDigital Repository of Ireland Royal Irish Academy
Trust in Digital Preservation: Standards and RelationshipsCNZ 2013 | 1 October 2013 | National Archives of the Czech Republic
Who am I?
DRI Presentation
• Manager of Education and Outreach• Training programs• Partnership development• International networks & e-infrastructures
What is the Digital Repository of Ireland?
DRI Presentation
DRI is an interactive, national trusted digital repository for contemporary and historical, social and cultural data held by Irish institutions
Vision
DRI Presentation
• To link and preserve the rich data held by Irish institutions, providing a central internet access point and multimedia tools.
• To provide an educational resource used by the public, students and scholars,
• To provide preservation and access services for our stakeholders and partners.
• To act as a focal point for the development of national guidelines and policy for digital preservation and access.
DRI Presentation
• Irish government funded (HEA)• Royal Irish Academy (lead), National University of
Ireland Maynooth, National University of Ireland Galway, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin Institute of Technology, National College of Art and Design
• Partners: academic, cultural, social, government• Sep 2011 – Sep 2015. Initial grant €5.2M• Funding currently extended out to 2019
Funding/Consortium
DRI Presentation
Preservation
Access (use)
Sharing, linking, user tools (reuse)
A trusted digital repository, and a focal point for building a digital community for cultural heritage in Ireland
Services
DRI Presentation
“A trusted digital repository is one whose mission is to provide reliable, long-term access to managed digital resources to its designated community, now and in the future”
What is Trust? (TRAC)
DRI Presentation
• “firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something: relations have to be built on trust”
• “assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something”
• “one in which confidence is placed”
What is Trust? (common usage)
DRI Presentation
• “firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something: relations have to be built on trust”
• “assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something”
• “one in which confidence is placed”
What is Trust? (common usage)
DRI Presentation
• Planning, process, auditing• Relationships, People
What is Trust?
DRI Presentation
1. About the digital archive/repository itself
2. About the relationships that surround the practice of digital preservation
Trust in Digital Preservation: Two perspectives
DRI Presentation
1. About the digital archive/repository itself
2. About the relationships that surround the practice of digital preservation
Trust in Digital Preservation: Two perspectives
DRI Presentation
• Reliable, long-term access to managed digital resources to its designated community, now and in the future
• Must also look at entire organisation running the repository
• Understand threats and risks to the system
• Constant monitoring, planning and maintenance
TRAC
DRI Presentation
1. OAIS
2. Data Seal of Approval (DANS)
3. DIN 31644: Criteria for Trustworthy Digital Archives
4. ISO 16363: Audit and certification of trustworthy digital repositories
5. European Framework
Standards for Assessing Trust: Certification
DRI Presentation
Open Archival Information System
• Conceptualisation of the environment for preservation• Not an implementation/architecture
1. OAIS Reference Model
DRI Presentation
2. Data Seal of Approval
Based on self-assessment16 Guidelines
Criteria: The Data are…
• Available on the internet• Accessible• Usable• Reliable• Citable
DRI Presentation
4. ISO 16363
3. DIN 31644 Criteria for Trustworthy Digital Archives (34)
1. organisation2. management of intellectual entities
and their representations (digital objects)3. infrastructure and security
Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital Repositories (100+)
• Grew out of OAIS and TRAC• Same categories as DIN
DRI Presentation
5. European Framework for Audit and Certification of Digital Repositories
• Memorandum of Agreement July 2010
• http://www.trusteddigitalrepository.eu/
• “mechanisms to ensure that the groups can collaborate in setting up an integrated framework for auditing and certifying digital repositories”
• 3 levels of increasing trustworthiness
DRI Presentation
5. European Framework for Audit and Certification of Digital Repositories (continued)
DRI Presentation
Key Aspects of Trust
a. Authenticity & Provenance
b. Attention to Standards and Quality of data
c. Formal Agreements & Procedures
d. Data Security & Access Authentication
a. Authenticity and Provenance
DRI Presentation
• Bitstream• Accuracy of data• Traceable ingest and storage
“It is not possible (feasible) to preserve electronic resources in the form of original unchanged content information: we have only the ability to reproduce them in the form of authentic copies thanks to the preservation of valid copies of digital components” (Maria Guercio, Sapienza, Universita di Roma)
We trust these copies to be accurate representations
b. Attention to Standards and Quality of data
DRI Presentation
• Metadata Standards
• Controlled Vocabularies
• “Clean” data
• Interoperability
• Open Source Software
c. Formal Agreements & Procedures
DRI Presentation
• Depositor & User Agreements
• Copyright and Licencing
• Takedown policy
d. Data Security & Authentication Protocols
DRI Presentation
• Privacy Concerns
• Embargos
• Logins
• Format Migration
So far… mainly technical decisionsPlanning, process, auditing
Back to relationship building…
DRI Presentation
DRI Presentation
• “firm belief in the reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something: relations have to be built on trust”
• “assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something”
• “one in which confidence is placed”
Back to definitions of Trust:
DRI Presentation
Building Trust through Broader Engagement
• Consult with Stakeholders
• Good/Best Practices
• International Networks/e-Infrastructures
• Collaborative Projects
• Training and Skills Development
• Guidelines and Policy Development
DRI Presentation
Consult with Stakeholders
• Interviews/surveys
• Requirements Gathering
• Builds community of interest
• Stakeholders become part of process
Consultation: Interviews with content holders
DRI Presentation
• Qualitative interviews
• 40 content-holding institutions - current approaches to digital data
• Launch of National Report in Oct 2012: Digital Archiving in Ireland: National Survey of the Humanities and Social Sciences
• www.dri.ie/publications
Formats
Metadata
DRI Presentation
Good/Best Practices
• Not a Platonic ideal
• Must address user needs
• While also moving
towards good practices
Current Practices Good/Best Practices
DRI Presentation
International Networks/e-Infrastructures
• DARIAH
• DPC – Digital Preservation Coalition
• APARSEN
• European Data Forum
• Research Data Alliance (Dublin March 2014)
• ALLEA
e.g.
DRI Presentation
International Networks/e-Infrastructures
• help create good practices
• places decisions in a wider context
• demonstrates commitment to interoperability and wider use
• exposure to cutting edge technologies, tools, decisions
• helps to insure longevity of choices
DRI Presentation
International Networks/e-Infrastructures
The best use of your data is
the one someone else
thought of.
DRI Presentation
Collaborative Projects
• Pilots/small demos
• Scale is small, benefits large
• Builds partnerships and trust
• Shows what can be achieved
DRI Presentation
Collaborative Projects
e.g. Linked Logainm / Location LODer
DRI Presentation
Linked Logainm collaborative project
Making LOGAINM available as Linked Data
DRI Presentation
Training and Skills Development
• Also about showing what can be done
• Better skills in community = better data
• Trust built through your demonstrated
expertise in the area
DRI Presentation
Guidelines and Policy Development
• Shares acquired expertise
• Moves community in a common direction
• Greater interoperability
• Drives towards good practices
• Influences future choices
• E.g. National Steering Committee on Open
Access Statement
