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WELINGKAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT & RESEARCH SPECIALISATION PROJECT ON CLOUD COMPUTING TRENDS IN INDIA BY VIVEK SWAMINATHAN PGDM e-Biz 2011 – 13 (MARKETING SPECIALISATION) ROLL NO:-23 PROJECT FACULTY GUIDE Prof. Shashikant Shirahatti, CISA, CGEIT, CCSK, ISO27001-LA, ISO9001-LA

Cloud Computing In telecom Sector: Opportunites and Challenges

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Page 1: Cloud Computing In telecom Sector: Opportunites and Challenges

WELINGKAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT & RESEARCH

SPECIALISATION PROJECT

ON

CLOUD COMPUTING TRENDS IN INDIA

BY

VIVEK SWAMINATHAN

PGDM e-Biz 2011 – 13 (MARKETING SPECIALISATION)

ROLL NO:-23

PROJECT FACULTY GUIDE

Prof. Shashikant Shirahatti, CISA, CGEIT, CCSK, ISO27001-LA, ISO9001-LA

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PROJECT COMPLETION CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project titled “CLOUD COMPUTING TRENDS IN INDIA” is

successfully done by Mr Vivek Swaminathan in partial fulfillment of his two years full

time course „Post Graduation Diploma in Management‟ recognized by AICTE through

the Print. L. N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development & Research, Matunga,

Mumbai.

This project in general is done under my guidance.

___________________________

(Signature of Faculty Guide)

Name: Prof. Shashikant Shirahatti

CISA, CGEIT, CCSK, ISO27001-LA, ISO9001-LA

Date: ______________________

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Worldwide Computing Market size v/s Indian market ................................................................... 4

Adoption Status of Cloud Computing across Verticals ................................................................... 5

Key Drivers .................................................................................................................................. 6

Key Constraints ............................................................................................................................ 6

Cloud Ecosystem .......................................................................................................................... 7

Pricing Models ............................................................................................................................. 9

ENISA Risks and Recommendations: My Learnings ...................................................................... 11

The Cloud Landscape in India ..................................................................................................... 13

Adoption of Cloud in India: A Summary ...................................................................................... 18

Primary Research ....................................................................................................................... 19

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 27

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 28

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Worldwide Computing Market size v/s Indian market

Cloud computing is a new way of delivering computing resources, not a new technology. Computing

services ranging from data storage and processing to software, such as email handling, are now

available instantly, commitment-free and on-demand. Since we are in a time of belt-tightening, this

new economic model for computing has found fertile ground and is seeing massive global

Investment according to IDC’s analysis, the worldwide forecast for cloud services in 2009 will be in

the order of $17.4bn. The estimation for 2013 amounts to $44.2bn, with the European market

ranging from €971m in 2008 to €6,005m in 2013.

The key point to keep in mind is that the cloud’s economies of scale and flexibility are both a friend

and a foe from a security point of view. The massive concentrations of resources and data present a

more attractive target to attackers, but cloud-based defences can be more robust, scalable and cost-

effective. This document portrays an assessment of the security risks and benefits of using cloud

computing - providing security guidance for potential and existing users of cloud computing.

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Adoption Status of Cloud Computing across Verticals

Banking and Financial Services:

•Large banks with an inherent need for top-notch security are increasingly building internal private

clouds. Yes Bank has announced its plans of moving all its application to their private cloud by 2011.

•Financial Inclusion Projects which intend to penetrate banking in rural areas by end of FY 2012 are

extremely capital intensive. Indian Bank in partnership with TCS had adopted a cost saving approach

to this project based on cloud computing benefits.

Telecommunications:

•With the advent of 3G and popularity of Mobile VAS, PaaS products like Flypp that enable telcos

with faster go-to market applications and reduce risk and operational overheads are predicted to

see increased adoption.

Manufacturing:

•Adoption of IaaS and ERP based SaaS applications are predicted to pick up in the SME

manufacturing segment typically from discrete manufacturing, industrial engineering and logistics

industries.

Healthcare:

•With medical tourism flourishing, India is slowly becoming a haven for healthcare services.

Healthcare industry is also advancing its IT platforms to touch the global standards.

•This industry’s key worry of system consolidation can be addressed by IaaS and SaaS solutions.

Various players are aggressively targeting this vertical.

IT/ITeS:

•IT services companies like Wipro are not just providers but also consumers of cloud technology.

Wipro built an internal private cloud that could facilitate self-service provisioning of hardware.

Government and Public Sector:

•With current e-governance initiatives driving on a PPP model, immense investments are being

made on the IT Infrastructure front. For projects like Aadhaar, the UIDAI is contemplating on the

adoption of a cost-effective cloud based model that can provide effective and scalable processing of

large databases.

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Key Drivers

Competitive business environments demand flexibility, elasticity and scalability in IT expansion

Economizing of capital expenditures, leading enterprises to opt for new generation business

models such as pay-per-use, pay-per-profit, etc.

Workforce increasingly becoming mobile, with need to access applications from Smartphones, tablets, etc.

An operating expenditure payment structure to have more control /visibility into IT requirements /investments and reduced total cost of ownership.

Need for shorter time-to-market period for new products

Key Constraints

Security concerns about hosting critical data over a public network.

Lack of regulatory clarity regarding data ownership, etc.

Challenges of migrating applications from on premise to a cloud environment.

Consistency of tools and functionality offered.

Lack of Eco-system maturity.

Network connectivity issues leading to accessibility concerns.

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Source: Deloitte

Cloud Ecosystem

The Cloud unlike previous technology shifts is not a mere collection of technologies but a

transformational concept which requires the ecosystem to be developed. The Cloud ecosystem

consists of the components as shown below:

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As is evident from the above description of the Cloud ecosystem, India is currently challenged in

availability of several ecosystem components excepting IT skills. While we have the required IT skills,

we lack the other essential components of. power, connectivity, real estate, the enabling regulatory

framework and other adoption enablers.

In this regard, the NTP 2012 plans to “Encourage recognition and creation of synergistic alliance of

public sector and other organizations of Department of Telecommunications (DoT) through

appropriate policy interventions and support for optimum utilization of their resources and strengths

in building a robust and secure telecom and information infrastructure of the country.”

While the Government is one of the primary pillars to help overcome these challenges, involvement

of the private sector is also equally important for swift and effective enablement. Hence, the Public-

Private-Partnership (PPP) model is one of the best mechanisms for setting up entities which shall

help overcome the above challenges.

An example of the PPP implementation is setting up of joint SEZs wherein the Government will assist

in land acquisition and channelizing utilities such as power and security, while the private sector

would bring in the required investment and knowhow for setting up of the required infrastructure.

In addition, special financial provisions should be made available by the Indian Government for the private players who wish to build infrastructure for cloud computing.

Cloud Infrastructure - Private Cloud players should be allowed to procure raw infrastructure such as

servers, firewalls etc at a subsidized rate for setting up the Cloud infrastructure.

Loans - Government should incentivize Banks to extend loans at concessional rates to entrepreneurs

planning to set up Cloud services.

Tax incentives - CSPs should be granted exemption from paying regular taxes for a limited period of

time from the time of setting up the Cloud operations.

Land - State governments should be directed to provide land at subsidized rates for setting up Cloud

Datacenters

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Pricing Models

Cloud service delivery is divided among three archetypal models and various derivative combinations. The three fundamental classifications are often referred to as the “SPI Model,” where “SPI” refers to Software, Platform or Infrastructure (as a Service), respectively.

Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.

Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations.

Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which could include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems; storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).

Examples of Cloud Services |Source : INGRAM MICRO

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Cloud Pricing Models

Usage Based

• Usage based pricing can be based on instances or opted configuration of CPU,memory, RAM, bandwidth, IP addresses, operating system or per user (SaaS).

• Plans can also be fixed or elastic in nature depending on the dynamic nature of applications /resource consumption.

Product/Service based

• This model is adopted by SaaS providers wherein emphasis is on the functionality used. It can be described as Pay-per-feature

Business Metric Based

• Business metrics based pricing is a strategic futuristic model. This will make an idealmeasure to calculate ROI.

• For example, for a SaaS program in the marketing domain, pricing will be based on number of campaigns, number of customers, number of prospects, etc.

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ENISA Risks and Recommendations: My Learnings

We recommend priority areas of research in order to improve the security of cloud computing

technologies. The following are the categories we have considered with a few examples of specific

areas from the full list:

Building trust in the cloud

• Effects of different forms of breach reporting on security

• End-to-end data confidentiality in the cloud and beyond

• Higher assurance clouds, virtual private clouds etc

Data protection in large scale cross-organizational systems

• Forensics and evidence gathering mechanisms.

• Incident handling - monitoring and traceability

• International differences in relevant regulations including data protection and privacy

Large scale computer systems engineering

• Resource isolation mechanisms - data, processing, memory, logs etc

• Interoperability between cloud providers

• Resilience of cloud computing. How can cloud improve resilience?

TOP SECURITY RISKS

The most important classes of cloud-specific risks identified are:

LOSS OF GOVERNANCE:

in using cloud infrastructures, the client necessarily cedes control to the Cloud Provider (CP) on a number of issues which may affect security. At the same time, SLAs may not offer a commitment to provide such services on the part of the cloud provider, thus leaving a gap in security defences.

LOCK-IN:

There is currently little on offer in the way of tools, procedures or standard data formats or services interfaces that could guarantee data, application and service portability. This can make it difficult for the customer to migrate from one provider to another or migrate data and services back to an in-house IT environment. This introduces a dependency on a particular CP for service provision, especially if data portability, as the most fundamental aspect, is not enabled.

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ISOLATION FAILURE:

Multi-tenancy and shared resources are defining characteristics of cloud computing. This risk category covers the failure of mechanisms separating storage, memory, routing and even reputation between different tenants (e.g., so-called guest-hopping attacks). However it should be considered that attacks on resource isolation mechanisms (e.g.,. against hypervisors) are still less numerous and much more difficult for an attacker to put in practice compared to attacks on traditional OSs.

COMPLIANCE RISKS:

Investment in achieving certification (e.g., industry standard or regulatory requirements) may be put at risk by migration to the cloud: • If the CP cannot provide evidence of their own compliance with the relevant requirements • If the CP does not permit audit by the cloud customer (CC). In certain cases, it also means that using a public cloud infrastructure implies that certain kinds of compliance cannot be achieved (e.g., PCI DSS (4)).

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The Cloud Landscape in India

When analysing Cloud computing solutions, companies should assess the Cloud provider’s

capabilities at the sub-segment level (i.e. CRM, SCM, ERP) due to large differences in the sub-

segments maturity. Consequently, their viability should be a central question when considering

these vendors. Where the known, main players of the computer industry (Google, SAP, Oracle) do

not represent a true viability risk at first sight, it does not necessarily mean that smaller players will

not survive the growth to eventually become market leaders.

Looking at Cloud from a Technological Perspective| Source: Deloitte

Opportunities presented by Cloud in various sectors

1. Education

The Educational sector is one of the cornerstones of socio-economic development. It is

widely accepted that education contributes to poverty reduction and increased economic

growth, which in turn leads to an improved standard of living. It also enables the individual

to participate in wealth generating activities, leads to the creation of employment, and the

overall development of society. Growth of the Indian economy in the recent past is putting

pressure on the educational sector to enhance the quality of discourse, expand the

curriculum to include new subjects, make education affordable and improve its reach. While

technology can play a significant role in accelerating the expansion of the Education sector in

India, the digital divide hinders its reach.

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Challenges

The primary challenges associated with the educational sector in India are:

• Poor quality of education

• Reach of education to remote corners of the country

• Increasing cost of education

• Low engagement of students

Solutions

The educational sector can be transformed into an inclusive, collaborative and efficient ecosystem

by using Cloud based services. The Cloud can not only help in short term tactical solutions to reach a

large population, but also pave way for transformation of the learning process into a futuristic model

which will result in an overall improvement in the quality of learning.

In order to encourage the adoption of the Cloud and creating a suitable technical and regulatory

environment for implementation of the Cloud in India, the following is recommended:

• Encourage set up of education content databases with universal access

• Provide incentives to education Cloud providers to develop content in Indian languages.

Textbooks in various languages should be made available online at low costs.

• Create a policy with guidelines for usage of Cloud in education.

• Provide incentives to telecom providers to rollout high speed broadband access to educational

institutions.

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2. Healthcare

Seventy percent of the Indian population lives in rural India and most of them lack access to

hospitals, physicians, trained medical personnel, critical medicine supply and medical

equipment. India has only an elementary network of public hospitals and clinics (around

25,000 primary health centres). Public hospitals are also scarce outside large cities, and their

service standard varies and lack even basic healthcare records management systems.

Challenges

Unlike the healthcare sector in developed economies, the Indian healthcare ecosystem is at

a nascent stage of adopting technology. Currently, the Indian healthcare industry is

evaluating technology deployment models for digitization of health records like EMRs and

remote patient monitoring; futuristic trends such as centralized healthcare record

management are not even thought of.

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Solutions

Hospitals: Using third party SaaS applications housed in the Cloud, patients can be provided access

to their health, history and information so that hospitals can streamline the admissions, care and

discharge processes. Hospitals can connect to their own web portals and access patient data stored

in the Cloud. Standard based services can also be used to build value added web-applications for

patients so that their healthcare can extend beyond the boundaries of the hospital covering their

entire lifecycle.

Physicians: With the Cloud, people can provide their health history and information to their physicians anywhere, anytime, including data uploaded from health and fitness devices, to help physicians make more informed decisions.

Pharmacies: People can administer or manage their prescriptions and associated information such as dosage, amount and frequency, and provide this information to their healthcare provider.

Laboratories and imaging centres: Patient’s diagnostic results can be transferred via suitable Apps onto Cloud based platforms, e.g. Google Health or Microsoft Healthvault. This eliminates the need for in-house storage and helps retain historic information in a systematic manner. Healthcare providers can access these results with the patient’s permission, to help them make more informed health decisions.

Pharmaceuticals/Drug manufacturers: The IaaS model could provide a drug manufacturer with On-Demand computing resources to perform drug research analysis, eliminating the need to retain high power computing capabilities and related IT expertise in-house.

Application Providers: Health and wellness companies can design and deliver health and wellness solutions compatible with Cloud platforms to offer a rich user experience and ease of managing the user’s sensitive personal health information.

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Device manufacturers: Health and fitness devices can be designed to work with Cloud platforms and Apps, so users can upload device data and share it with their doctors and families.

Insurance Companies: Insurance providers through transparent access to medical records can

provide better services to their customers. They can also offer customers with innovative tools

which giving members’ access to richer wellness information thereby increasing effectiveness of care

management programs which can help reduce claims costs. Insurance companies can also

incentivize customers to keep their health records updated.

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Adoption of Cloud in India: A Summary

Creation of a nodal agency for laying baselines for Cloud adoption.

Empowering the nodal agency to develop a Cloud policy for adoption of Cloud by Govt. bodies and Indian citizens and organizations.

Empowering the nodal agency to interpret existing laws such as IT Act 2000 in context of Cloud to ensure the interest of Indian entities in the Cloud.

Empowering nodal agency to work with various government departments and ministries including state government to incentivize Cloud adoption in India.

Launching specific projects in the area of Healthcare and Education for accelerating the use of various facilities.

Defining policies and enact rules / regulations for incentivizing setup of Cloud providers in India.

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Primary Research

Abstract

This paper looks at adoption and applicability of cloud computing to e-governance in India. Data has

been gathered via structured questionnaire from stakeholders of various businesses - public &

private sector of India, including Indian IT companies that offer cloud computing solutions to clients.

The study takes a balanced and unbiased view of cloud computing with focus on India, to figure out

the key factors that lead to its adoption using factor analysis and whether these factors could be the

drivers for its adoption in e-governance. Cloud computing has picked up in developed markets and is

starting to pick up in India. For enterprises, SMB, Government, NGO & individuals reduces initial

investments, results in cost savings, gives flexibility, scalability, service on demand, device

independency and anytime accessibility and reduces key data loss in the event of hardware crash,

loss or theft. However, it has issues like confidentiality, information security, legal & regulatory

challenges and malicious attacks as data gets stored in a distributive internet cloud, generally

beyond any nation's geography.

Research Methodology

A survey was conducted to measure awareness and attitudes towards cloud computing services .36

respondents participated in the study.

Analysis

The main factors which would be responsible for the adoption of cloud computing in India have been

extracted using Factor analysis. The respondents' ratings were subjected to Principal Component

Analysis to reduce multicollinearity among items, with the Varimax Rotation method. This method

was Factor Analysis which is the method of extracting hidden factors.

Thirty one items were reduced to four components where Factor 1 had Initial Eigen value of 25.1

with 80.9% of variance. Factor 2 had Initial Eigen value of 2.6 with 8.4% of variance. Factor 3 had

Initial Eigen value of L2 with 4.0% of variance, and Factor 4 had Initial Eigen value of 0.7 with 2.4% of

variance.

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Questionnaire

Cloud Computing Trends in India

A survey to determine the current cloud adoption and its sentiment in India

* Required Are you aware of Indian government's e-governance initiatives for Cloud Computing? *

Yes

No

Is it prefrable that the CSP(Cloud Service Provider) allow a customer to select a specific location for the use and/or storage of the customer’s data? *

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Agree Select a value from a range of 1,Strongly Agree, to 5,Strongly Disagree,. Strongly Disagree

Does the CSP provide any technical enforcement to prevent a customer’s data from moving through or to a customer priscribed location? *

Yes

No

Does the CSP provide customers with controls over its data to ensure that data can or cannot be aggregated according to customer needs and/or restrictions? *

Yes

No

What technical enforcement mechanisms does a CSP use to prevent the commingling of data with other cloud users? *

VLAN

Unique UID login

Storage Side security

Cloud Containers

AES 256 Bit Encryption

Domain Segregation

Do you think it is necessary for the CSP to adhere to any established governance framework(s) involving data security controls *

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Agree Select a value from a range of 1,Strongly Agree, to 5,Strongly Disagree,. Strongly Disagree

If yes, does the CSP undergo any regular (e.g. annual) 3rd party audit(s) for compliance with any established governance framework(s)? *

Yes

No

Is it prefrable that the CSP allow customers to audit the CSP’s data security controls? *

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1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Agree Select a value from a range of 1,Strongly Agree, to 5,Strongly Disagree,. Strongly Disagree

Do you think it is necessary for the CSP to provide end to end encryption for data in transit? *

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Agree Select a value from a range of 1,Strongly Agree, to 5,Strongly Disagree,. Strongly Disagree

Does the CSP offer data back-up and recovery services for customers? *

Yes

No

If yes, is the specific location for such selectable by the customer? *

Yes

No

Does the CSP’s method of handling data remanence or persistence meet any identified standard(s)? *

Yes

No

Are you a Public or a Private CSP? *

Public

Private

What is the category you are providing the Cloud Services? *

HRM

Procurement

Finance

Database Applications

Web Applications

Rate the foll parameters on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 being most important 5 being least) *

Strongly

Agree Agree Cant Say Dont Agree

Strongly

Disagree

Awareness

Trustworthy

Secure to use

Used for Multiple

Applications

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Strongly

Agree Agree Cant Say Dont Agree

Strongly

Disagree

Cost

Flexibility

Accessibility

Scalibility

Easy to implement

Service Quality

Sharing of Resources

Easy availability of info to

Citizens

Faster Rollout

Performance after rollout

Customization

Regulatory Requirements

Submit

Never submit passwords through Google Forms.

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Percentage of Customers who are aware of E- Governance initiatives in India.

Percentage of Customers who feel CSPs prevent a customer’s data from moving through various

locations.

Yes 36%

No 64%

E Governance Awareness

Yes 58%

No 42%

Control over Data

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Rotated Component Matrix (a) for extracting the main factors responsible for Adoption of Cloud

Computing in India

Parameters Components

1 2 3 4

Awareness 0.501 0.509 0.861 0.618

Trustworthy 0.627 0.527 0.627 0.627

Secured to use 0.861 0.861 0.561 0.861

Private services 0.458 0.584 0.728 0.861

Public services 0.569 0.598 0.437 0.861

Hybrid services 0.485 0.459 0.426 0.492

Used for multiple applications 0.458 0.914 0.728 0.843

Cost reduction 0.861 0.914 0.728 0.843

Flexibility 0.563 0.914 0.453 0.531

Accessibility 0.861 0.914 0.453 0.564

Elastic scalability 0.834 0.556 0.453 0.492

Easy to implement 0.834 0.556 0.509 0.843

Service quality 0.834 0.556 0.71 0.843

Non critical applications 0.709 0.637 0.627 0.531

Latest software’s 0.54 0.558 0.589 0.564

Sharing of resources 0.861 0.561 0.458 0.564

Availability of info to citizens 0.861 0.728 0.861 0.564

No need to travel for information 0.861 0.437 0.563 0.861

Reducing corruption 0.492 0.426 0.861 0.492

Faster rollout of services 0.843 0.728 0.834 0.843

increase in satisfaction 0.843 0.728 0.834 0.843

Security concerns 0.531 0.453 0.834 0.444

Performance concerns 0.564 0.453 0.709 0.594

Availability concerns 0.492 0.453 0.54 0.643

integrity concerns 0.843 0.509 0.861 0.618

Ability to customize 0.843 0.71 0.861 0.618

High investment 0.531 0.627 0.861 0.618

Regulatory requirements 0.564 0.589 0.492 0.549

Not enough suppliers 0.564 0.728 0.843 0.584

Company should invest 0.564 0.458 0.492 0.598

Concerns to be overcome 0.834 0.556 0.71 0.843

From the above table, the main factors (having component value greater than 0.4) which would lead

to adoption of Cloud Computing in India for implementing E-governance projects have been

extracted. From Factor 1, Computing in India various items which explains the Benefits of Cloud

Computing for egovernance projects are cost reduction, accessibility, sharing information, travel,

rollout of services, satisfaction. From Factor 2, various items that were retrieved which explain the

Concerns of Cloud Computing for egovernance projects are performance, availability, integrity and

customization. Items from Factor 3 could not be taken as the values got converged in the values of

Factor 1 and Factor 2

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Applications

Almost all the respondents had shown interest in implementing multiple applications using cloud

Computing services viz. Human Resource Management, Customer Relationship Management,

Enterprise Resource Planning, Virtualized server environment. Database applications and Web

applications. Few of the respondents seemed to be interested in Procurement, Finance and using

cloud computing services.

Applications Responses

Percentage

HRM 11.2

Procurement 14.4

ERP 15.8

CRM 15.8

Finance 11.2

Database Applications 15.8

Web Applications 15.8

Observations and Summary

Cloud computing has low levels of end to end awareness, trust and adoption among Government

officials in India (despite all the attention cloud computing receives as one of the leading IT trends).

They were not fully familiar with cloud computing, and do not trust it fully. Awareness and trust are

lacking even among professionals who are familiar with it and may be responsible for securing

enterprise systems and information. While cloud adoption is expected to grow, respondents'

Inexperience with cloud computing, security concerns (and in some cases, lack of concem) and

uncertainty about governance could make it difficult for Government organizations to effectively

implement cloud computing or realize full value from it.

Apart from awareness of cloud computing, the end to end infrastructure (ecosphere) built by service

providers is very limited in India. The security of data is very important and Government definitely

would like to ensure that the privacy and accessibility of confidential data is properly handled. Also,

many a times there is dire need that data must not leave shores of the nation as data and privacy

laws are varied in different countries. So in the scenario of data theft abroad, it would be really

difficult for the Government to bring the guilty to the book. The outlook for cloud computing

adoption in Government depends on how well cloud service providers tackle these issues. Also, they

need to raise the levels of awareness and trust in the model. The data reflects barriers to adoption,

but adoption rates and user experiences show the barriers can be reduced. Respondents, who know

cloud computing well, trust it most. For example, those who are familiar with cloud computing tend

to implement it, those who implement expand their use by accessing multiple applications through

the cloud, and professionals who are most involved in cyber security have more trust in cloud

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computing. Against this backdrop, the author recommends organizations to take the following

actions as specified in the recommendations below to assess the suitability of cloud computing for

Government agencies and to prepare them for implementation.

Recommendations and Learnings

Specifically designed seminar and customized workshops for various Central / State / Semi / Quasi

Government agencies. Municipal corporations and committees. Government departments and

autonomous bodies must be done so that they become aware about the, benefits, usage and

applications of cloud computing for citizen services. Cloud service providers must ensure data

privacy and integrity and Adoption of Cloud they need to have very tight processes for handling

confidential data. This Computing in India data must not pass beyond Indian shores via any medium

or channel.

Quick e-delivery of citizen services must be done for Government sector which can be mutually

evolved and Proof of Concept (PoC) or dry run can be done to give confidence & win trust of key

stakeholders. A common Governrnent Cloud, which would essentially be co-owned by Government

and consortium of cloud service providers to bring standardizations and shared responsibility of all

stakeholders, could be initiated so that adoption increases quickly, in the wider benefit of common

citizen of India.

Limitations of the study

This study has certain limitations that .are required to be taken into account while considering its

contributions. The main limitation of the study was a relatively small sample size. In this study, the

wide-ranging conclusions have been made from a narrow empirical perspective. Moreover, the

study focused on primary data collection from officials who are working or planning to work on the

implementation of cloud computing projects in India. This was a challenging task for the researcher

as the respondents were not willing to share the detailed information. For these reasons, these

findings cannot be generalized to a broader community.

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Cloud Computing Trends in India

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Conclusion

The Integrated Project has helped us get a panoramic view of the Cloud Computing Trends in India. It

has also helped us familiarize the working of the Indian Cloud. Every subject has taught us something

new and interaction with the employees has also given us new insight about how the mind-set of

people in the industry prevails.

The key takeaways in every subject has enriched me in many ways and I would like to thank our

mentor Prof. Shashikant Shirahatti and Prof Pradeep Pendse for their constant support and

providing me with such an opportunity and guiding us every time we ran into a roadblock.

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Bibliography

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4. Security Guidance in Critical Areas for Cloud Computing (CSA Guidebook )

5. Benefits , Risks and Recommendations For Information Security (ENISA)

6. Frost and Sullivan – Cloud Computing Services

7. Confederation of Indian Industries – The Indian Cloud Revolution

8. TCS’s Service Offerings in Cloud Computing

9. Cloud Computing Services – TechMahindra

10. Security in Cloud Computing: An Analysis of Key Drivers and Constraints (Information

Security Journal , Taylor and Francis Group)

11. Data security concern in public cloud computing , Muhammed A. Badamas, Morgan State

University, USA

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14. Forrester’s SaaS Maturity Model, Forrester, August 2008

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16. Amazon S3 Service Level Agreement, http://aws.amazon.com/s3-sla/

17. http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/will-cloud-computing-save-the-economy-

794