CIRAM X Ray Radiography Contribution Feb 2009

CIRAM Analysis Analysis, authentication and dating of work’s of art

CIRAM Analysis Analysis and dating of cultural heritage

CIRAM Track Safe marking and traceability

of objects

CIRAM Archaeology Analysis and dating of archaeological artefacts

ART AND ARCHEOLOGY OX-RAY RADIOGRAP

Why developing aX-ray digital radiography

16, avenue Pey-Berland ChemTel.: +33 5 57 34 21 18

www.cira

Contacts : Dr Olivier Bob

CIRAM SARL au capital de 21.000 € ENSPB -480 825 652 RCS Bordeaux - APE 742C 16, avenueSIRET 480 825 652 00021 33607 PeN° TVA Intracommunautaire FR 56 480 825 652 Fr

BJECTS AUTHENTICATION: HY CONTRIBUTION crossed approach

in situ / Material analysis?

’Innov – 33600 Pessac – France Fax : +33 5 56 23 45 35 m-art.com

in, Dr Emmanuel Vartanian

Chem’Innov Tél. & Fax : 00.33.(0)5.56.23.45.35 Pey-Berland Portable : 00.33.(0)6.66.63.80.99 ssac Cedex E-mail : [email protected] ance Site web : www.ciram-art.com

http://www.ciram-art.com/

Crossing X-R/ Analysis Page 2 / 17

CIRAM SARL au capital de 21.000 € ENSCPB – Chem’Innov Tél. & Fax : 00.33.(0)5.56.23.45.35 480 825 652 RCS Bordeaux - APE 742C 16, avenue Pey-Berland Portable : 00.33.(0)6.66.63.80.99 SIRET 480 825 652 00021 33607 Pessac Cedex E-mail : [email protected] N° TVA Intracommunautaire FR 56 480 825 652 France Site web : www.ciram-art.com

Terracotta

Thermoluminescence gives an approximate dating of the last

firing of the object.

X-ray radiography permits to

evaluate the structural homogeneity of the piece.

Approximate dating.

Unique method

adapted to terracotta giving this result.

Not representative of

the whole object.

Direct view of the

restoration areas, of eventual falsification

and setting-up.

No material analysis:

can not determine the making-period of

the object.

Jointed use of the methods

- Approximative dating of the material - Homogeneity of the whole

Thermoluminescence X-ray Radiography



Few examples…

-6,00

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

dose d´irradiation (Gy)

Intensité TL (u.a.)

Dose Naturelle

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

225 275 325 375 425

température (°C)

NatNat + 8,7 GyNat + 17,5 GyNat + 26,2 GyBruit de fond


Thermoluminescence analysis compatible with the presumed age of the objects….

…. and internal structures « abnormal » in X-ray digital radio.



-10,00

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30


Intensité T L (u.a.)

Dose Naturelle

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

225 275 325 375 425

température (°C)

NatNat + 8,7 GyNat + 17,5 GyNat + 26,2 GyBruit de fond


Thermoluminescence analysis compatible with the presumed age of the objects….

…. and internal structures « abnormal » in X-ray digital radio.



-1,50

5000

10000

15000

20000

-4 6


25000

30000

35000

40000

45000Intensité TL (u.a.)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

température (°C)

Nat

Nat + 2,7 Gy

Nat + 5,5 GyBruit de fond


Thermoluminescence analysis compatible with the presumed age of the objects…. Dose Naturelle

…. and an internal structure « abnormal » in X-ray digital radio.



0,00

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

-10 0 10 20



Dose Naturelle

0

100

200

300

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500

600

700

800

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50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

température (°C)

Nat

Nat + 6,0 Gy

Nat + 12,0 GyBruit de fond


-0,70

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

-10 0 10 20



Dose Naturelle

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

température (°C)

Nat

Nat + 12,0 Gy

Bruit de fond


Thermoluminescence analysis incompatible with the presumed age of the objects ….

…. and internal structures « normal » in X-ray digital radio.


CIRAM SARL au capital de 21.000 € ENSCPB – Chem’Innov 480 825 652 RCS Bordeaux - APE 742C 16, avenue Pey-Berland SIRET 480 825 652 00021 33607 Pessac Cedex N° TVA Intracommunautaire FR 56 480 825 652 France

Metals

Microanalysis X-ray radiography

Microanalysis permits to evaluate the chronological compatibility of the metal and its deteriorations

with the presumed area.

X-ray radiogr evaluate t

homogeneit

Chroncompeval

Uniqueadapted giving t

infor


the whole object.

Direct view of the

restoration areas, of eventual falsification

and setting-up.


- Chronological compatibility of the mate- Homogeneity of the whole

aphy permits tohe structural y of the piece.


can not determine when the object was

made.

ological atibility

uation. method to metals

his kind of mation.

Tél. & Fax : 00.33.(0)5.56.23.45.35 Portable : 00.33.(0)6.66.63.80.99

E-mail : [email protected] Site web : www.ciram-art.com

rial


CIR480SIRN°

Few examples…

Microanalysis shows that a part of the constitutive material of the object has an ancient metal properties.…

… and radiography reveals a modern setting-up.

AM SARL au capital de 21.000 € ENSCPB – Chem’Innov Tél. & Fax : 00.33.(0)5.56.23.45.35 825 652 RCS Bordeaux - APE 742C 16, avenue Pey-Berland Portable : 00.33.(0)6.66.63.80.99 ET 480 825 652 00021 33607 Pessac Cedex E-mail : [email protected] TVA Intracommunautaire FR 56 480 825 652 France Site web : www.ciram-art.com

…besides, the microanalysis permits to identify the material used for the patches’ junction: a metal and organic medium mix.



Radiography brings to light a complex whole: restoration, use of a modern material, modern combination…

O

… the microanalysis permits the study of different materials. Particularly, it distinguishes an

ancient metal from a modern metal and resin mix.



Radiography brings to light restorations at the level of the side of the object…

… microanalysis completes the study determining the modernity of the material used for the restoration.

O

O

O

… at the same time, the microanalysis determines the age of the constitutive metal of the whole object.



… the base shows the use of a material different from the one constituting the whole…

… the characters are constituted by a material less dense than the rest of the object.


CIRAM SARL au capital de 21.000 € ENSCPB – Chem’Innov 480 825 652 RCS Bordeaux - APE 742C 16, avenue Pey-Berland SIRET 480 825 652 00021 33607 Pessac Cedex N° TVA Intracommunautaire FR 56 480 825 652 France

Stones

Microanalysis X-ray Radiography

Microanalysis permits to evaluate the chronological compatibility of the stone’s deteriorations with the

presumed area.

X-ray radiogr evaluate t

homogeneit

Evaluachroncomp

Uniqueadapted giving t

infor


the whole object.

Direct view of the

restoration areas, of eventual falsifications

or setting-up.


- Chronological compatibility of the mate- Homogeneity of the whole

aphy permits tohe structural y of the piece.



made.

tion of the ological atibility. method to stones

his kind of mation.

Tél. & Fax : 00.33.(0)5.56.23.45.35 Portable : 00.33.(0)6.66.63.80.99

E-mail : [email protected] Site web : www.ciram-art.com

rial



An example…

Radiography brings to light restoration areas…

Microanalysis shows the use of a modern material…



Wood

Carbon 14 X-ray radiography

X-ray radiography permits to evaluate the structural

homogeneity of the piece.

Carbon 14 permits to date the death of the living organism

having been used for the making of the object.

Direct dating.

Method permitting to give the maximal age

of the object’s making.


the whole object.

Does not date the object as it.

Direct view of

restoration areas, of eventual falsifications

and setting-up.



made.


- Material dating - Homogeneity of the whole



Few examples… A sculpture…

Pointing up of metallic elements into the sculpture…

b/ Fraction pMC corrected Conventional age δ13C(‰) wood, alkaline residue, 4.0 mg C 120.17 ± 0.67 > 1955 -29.31 ± 0.02

Radiocarbon age: > 1955 AD

… radiocarbon shows, as for it, that the wood is modern.



A painting… Radiography does not show any

anomaly…

Fraction Correction pMC Conventional age δ13C(‰) wood, alkaline residue , 4.1 mg C 96.63 ± 0.33 275 ± 30 BP -24.13 ± 0.09

Radiocarbon age : 276 ± 28 years BP Age Calibré : cal AD 1643 1 Sigma cal AD 1527 - 1554 (Probability 28,7 %)

(Probability 68,3 %) 1632 - 1658 (Probability 39,6 %)

2 Sigma cal AD 1518 - 1596 (Probability 47,7 %) (Probability 95,4 %) 1620 - 1666 (Probability 46,7 %) 1783 - 1790 (Probability 1,0 %)

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1400 1500 1600 1700

Rad

ioca

rbon

age

[yea

rs B

P]

The radiocarbon shows that the wood support

dates from a period included between the

sixteen and the seventeen century…

1800

1900 2000Age Calendaire [years AD]



In summary…

The authentication research means the complementarity of the analysis methods:

Constitutive material of the object’s analysis Visualization of its internal structure

CIRAM proposes a wide range of analysis permetting to bring the necessary informations

for a rigourous research authentification.

Technology

CIRAM X Ray Radiography Contribution Feb 2009