Kharif Maize Stablisation (Maize Scenario in Central India)

CInI and Partners

KMS CInI’s Strategic Theme for West

CInI’s Approach for Tribal Development and Poverty Alleviation:

Poverty Alleviation => Year round Food Security Zero (distress) Migration + Surplus Cash ≈ Tribal Dev

Maize a potential Anti- Poverty Crop in West• Maize staple food crop.• Maize a multipurpose, commercial crop• Used as flour, daliya, flex, oil, starch, cattle feed, bio fuel• Approx 5 to 7 million Tribal families have maize based livelihood.• Approx 4 to 5 million Tribal families could have maize based cash

economy.Consumption Pattern in Maize (in Percentage)

60

12

12

16Poultry and livestockindustryStarchmanufacturers

Breweries andexports Human consumption

Maize Scenario In Central India

• Grown in four states of Central India: Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra.

No. Of Growing Districts

Average Area Average Production

Average Yield

Gujarat 16 0.5 M Ha 0.8 M Tones 1.7 Tones /Ha

Rajasthan 29 1.3 M Ha 2.5 M Tones 1.8 Tones /Ha

M.P. 48 0.9 M Ha 0.8 M Tones 0.9 Tones /Ha

Maharashtra

30 1.0 M Ha 2.0 M Tones 2.08 Tones /H

Maize Productivity in Targeted Tribal Districts

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

Ban

askh

anta

('0

3-'0

4)

Dah

od (

03-0

4)

Pan

chm

ahal

(03

-04)

Sab

arkh

anth

a (0

3 -0

4)

Vad

odar

a (0

3-04

)

Guj

Sta

te A

vg

Dha

r (0

4-05

)

jhab

ua (

04-0

5)

Kha

ndaw

a ()

3-04

)

Kha

rgon

d (0

4-05

)

Dul

e (0

3-04

)

Jalg

aon

(03-

04)

Nan

durb

ar (

03-0

4)

Mh

Sta

te A

vg

Ban

swar

a (0

4-05

)

Chi

torg

arh

(04-

05)

Dun

garp

ur (

03-0

4)

Uda

ipur

(04

-05)

Regional Tribal Districts

Prd

ty (

qt/

acre

)

Banaskhanta ('03-'04)Banaskhanta ('04-'05)Dahod (03-04)Dahod (04-05)Panchmahal (03-04)Panchmahal (04-05)Sabarkhantha (03 -04)Sabarkhantha (04 -05)Vadodara (03-04)Vadodara (04-05)Guj State AvgDhar (03-04)Dhar (04-05)Jhabua (03-04)jhabua (04-05)Khandwa (03-04)Khandawa ()3-04)Khargond (03-04)Khargond (04-05)MP State AvgDule (03-04)Dule (04-05)Jalgaon (03-04)Jalgaon (04-05)Nandurbar (03-04)Nandurbar (04-05)Mh State AvgBanswara (03-04)Banswara (04-05)Chitorgarh (03-04)Chitorgarh (04-05)Dungarpur (03-04)Dungarpur (03-04)Udaipur (03-04)Udaipur (04-05)Raj State Avg

Change in Area and Production of Maize in South Rajasthan

020000400006000080000

100000120000140000160000180000200000

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BANSWARA CHITTOR DUNGARPUR UDAIPUR Rajasamand

Are

a

(Ha

cta

res

)

0

50000

100000

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200000

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350000

400000

Pro

du

cti

on

(To

nn

es

)

Area

Production

Fluctuations in Maize Yields in South Rajasthan

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BANSWARA CHITTOR GARH DUNGARPUR UDAIPUR Rajasamand

Yie

ld (T

on

ne

s/H

a)

Findings of recent Gap Analysis Study

• 75% Non Progressive while 25 % (relatively) Progressive [Criteria technological awareness, Land Situation and Irrigation ]

• Average Land Holding P F – 4.8 Acres; NP F – 5 Acres [ 60% to 70% cultivable]

• Maize based food Sufficiency PF 7.5 month; NP F 7.3 months

• Gross Cropped area under Maize PF 3.15 Acers while NP F 3.80 Acres Recommended (Relatively) P F NP F

Seed Rate 8 to 10 Kg 15 Kg / Acre 26 Kg /Acre

Seed Replacement

If Hybrid- every yr

Composite- after 3 yr

Habit of repeating seeds

Habit of repeating seeds

Soil Test Once every year Don’t do Don’t do

Spacing L X L (50 to 60 cm)

R X R(25 to 30 cm)

L X L (60 cm)

R X R (40 cm)

L X L (60 cm)

R X R (60 cm)

Fertilizer 40N:24P:12K kg/Acre 45 Kg/ Acre 55 Kg/ Acre

Findings of recent Gap Analysis Study

• Average Productivity PF = 5.6 qt/acre ; NP F= 4.06 qt/acre

• None of NP F sell Maize surplus but 22 % PF are able to sell 1 to 2 qt getting Rs 700 to Rs 750 per qt

• Two major practice of maize harvesting – (1) after crop got dried and (2) after the silk gone brown. Some positive relation between former practice and higher yields

• Two major practice of maize harvesting – (1) manual and (2) Thresher. Some positive relation between former practice and higher yields.

Findings of recent Gap Analysis Study

• Farmers feel difficulty mostly in Seed replacement, Seed test, Soil test,

Recommended and timely application of fertilizer and pesticide reason

being inability to purchase seed or recommended fertilizer, seed not

available in time, absence of technical knowledge, illogical effort.

• Farmers feel fear to drop steps like Seed replacement, Soil test, application

of pesticides reason being inability to purchase seed or recommended

fertilizer, seed not available in time, absence of technical knowledge,

illogical effort.

KMS Vision & Mission• KMS Vision : Round the year Food Security & enhance the

standard of living of Central Indian (tribal) Maize Growers.

• Mission

1. To stabilize (progressively touch the optimum yield level) the maize yields for year round food security

2. To progressively motivate farmers for commercial maize

cultivation

KMS Three Years’ Perspective Plan /Outreach

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3Spread 2 to 3 villages in each

region (total 8 to 12 villages)

20 to 25 villages in each region (total 80 to 100 villages)

At least 50 villages in each region (total 200 villages)

Market Study one study at local /regional level

one study at national and international level

Field Partnership 1 partner in each region (total 4)

2 partners in each region (total 8)

4 partners in each region (total 16)

Acreage 60 to 80 acre land in each group of clusters in each region (total 240 to 320 acre)

100 acre in each villages in each region (total 12000 acre to 15000 acres)

30000 Acres in all states together

Mother Trials (1 trial set means Varital Seed Trials, Agronomic )

1 to 2 for each group of clusters in each region (4 to 8 Trails sets in all regions)

Farmer families covered ( Baby trial performers)

20 farmers in each cluster and 3 such clusters in each region (total 60 farmers in each region)

min 1/2 acre for each farmer( total 6000 to 7000 farmers in all region)

min 1 Acre per farmer (total 30000 farmers in all regions)

Farmer families (getting exposure)

50 farmers getting exposures per trial set (total 800 to 1000 farmers)

50 farmers getting exposures per trial set (total 30000 to 35000 farmers)

50 farmers getting exposures per trial set (total 150000 farmers)

Dissemination CSOs and Govt. representative participants in 1 dissemination workshop

CSOs and Govt. representative participants in 2 dissemination workshop

CSOs and Govt. representative participants in 2 dissemination workshop

Linkages linkages at local level market players

linkages with national level corporate market players

linkages with national level corporate market players

Plan of Action for Kharif 2009

• High emphasis on seed replacement • Trials of two to three best performed Composite varieties in clusters• Three cluster with each team, each cluster 20 farmers • High emphasis on plant population by maintaining spacing row to row (50 cm) plant to plant (20 to 30 cm)• Promoting N2 fixing and erosion resistant intercrop of pigeon pea, black gram etc• Idea incubation of agri mechanisation for mechanised sowing to

maintain spacing.• Idea incubation of focussed review and facilitation on field through

service provider model equipped with specialised field tools of monitoring.

• Periodic review by CInI and resource person • Long term perspective of seed production. Activity to be taken in

Rabi. • Various studies part of strategy formation and decision support

system.

Thanks !!!

For Food Security by Yield Enhancement

(1) Institutionalizing systems of immediate relief mechanisms [Grain bank etc](2)Institutionalizing backward (agri- input) and forward linkages (market)

(3) Institutionalizing micro-financial support system(4) To nurture community based Institutions to own long term development issues

KMS

Sectoral Engagement

Possiblities of Sectoral Engagements around KMS