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Chapter 17.1- The History of Classification
• Classification- grouping objects or organisms based on a set of criteria.
Aristotle's System- Classified organisms as either animals or plants.
Plants were classified by size (trees, shrubs or herbs).
Animals were classified as “bloodless” or “red-blooded”.
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) -broadened Aristotle's classification -created the 1st formal system of taxonomy. Taxonomy- branch of biology that
identifies, names and classifies species based on their natural relationships.
Binomial Nomenclature- gives each species a scientific name that has two parts.
-Binomial means two names. -Linnaeus's system of classification. -1st part of the name = genus -2nd part of the name = species Examples dog= Cannis Familiaris cat = Felis Catus fox = Cannis Vulpes
Taxonomic Categories
Species- group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Genus- group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor.
Family- group of related genera Order- group of related families Class- group of related orders Phylum- group of related classes Kingdom- group of related phyla Domain- Broadest of all taxa and contains 1
or more Kingdoms.
An example
Red fox
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Giant panda
Sea star
Coral snake
Abert squirrel