CHEMICAL BONDINGS

Ionic Bonding

Resonance Structures

VSEPRBasic Shapes3-D NotationHybridization (Lab)

M olecular Geom etries

Octet Rule Polar M olecules

Lew is Structures Covalent Bonding

Types of Bonds

Chemical BondingChemical Bonding

Chemical bond: attractive force holding two or more atoms together.

. The strength of bonds varies considerably; there are "STRONG BONDS" such as covalent or ionic bonds "WEAK BONDS" such as dipole-dipole interactions, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.

OCTET RULE

The octet rule says that atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons so as to have eight electrons in their outer electron shell. There are many bonding situations where it does not apply.

EXCEPTIONS TO THE OCTET RULE

There are three general ways in which the octet rule breaks down:

1. Molecules with an odd number of electrons

2. Molecules in which an atom has less than an octet

3. Molecules in which an atom has more than an octet.

CHEMICAL BONDs

CHEMICAL BOND

Intramolecular forces

• covalent• Ionic• metallic

Intermolecular forces

• Hydrogen bond• Other noncovalent

forces

Ionic bond results from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal.

Covalent bond results from sharing electrons between the atoms. Usually found between nonmetals.

Metallic bond: attractive force holding pure metals together.