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Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment
Chapter 13: Administering Web
Resources
2
Objectives
• Install and configure Internet Information Services (IIS)
• Create and configure Web-site virtual servers and virtual directories
• Configure Web-site authentication• Configure and maintain FTP virtual servers• Update and maintain security for an IIS server
3
Objectives (continued)
• Create and modify Web folders• Install and use the Remote Administration
(HTML) tools• Install and configure Web-based printing and
printer management• Troubleshoot Web client-browser connectivity
4
Installing and Configuring Internet Information Services
• Current version is Internet Information Services (IIS) 6.0
• IIS provides Web-related services that can be implemented to host a corporate intranet or to provide an Internet presence
5
Installing and Configuring Internet Information Services
(continued)
• IIS has four main components:• World Wide Web (HTTP) services
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) services
• Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) services
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) services
6
Installing Internet Information Services
• IIS 6.0 is not installed by default• Individual IIS components can be manually
installed through the Add or Remove Programs applet in the Control Panel
7
Installing Internet Information Services (continued)
8
Activity 13-1: Installing Internet Information Services
• Objective: To install IIS components• Start Control Panel Add or Remove
Programs Add/Remove Windows Components • Select and install individual components as
directed• Note changes on the server, folders created during
IIS installation, new accounts in Active Directory, operating system services, Web sharing feature
9
Activity 13-2: Viewing System Changes after Installing IIS
• Objective: To view the changes made to Windows Server 2003 after installing IIS
• Open Active Directory and browse for the new accounts that have been added:• 2 new user accounts and 1 new group account
10
Activity 13-2 (continued)
• Browse various folders that contain files needed for IIS services and open the Services utility:• FTP Publishing Service• IIS Admin Service• Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)• World Wide Web Publishing Service
• Browse properties of a service• Stop a service and configure its startup options
11
Architectural Changes in IIS 6.0
• IIS 6.0 is similar to IIS 5.0 with Windows 2000• Changes relate to how processes are managed and
maintained and updated metabase files• Metabase now stored in 2 standard XML files
• MetaBase.xml and MBSchema.xml• Human-readable• Better read performance• Industry-standard data representation• Found in %systemroot%\system32\inetsrv
12
Architectural Changes in IIS 6.0 (continued)
13
Configuring Web Server Properties
• Primary tool used for configuration of Web Server properties is IIS MMC snap-in
• Available on Administrative Tools menu• Default sites and services include:
• FTP Sites• Application Pools• Web Sites• Web Service Extensions• Default SMTP Virtual Server• Default NNTP Virtual Server
14
Activity 13-3: Exploring the Internet Information Services
MMC Snap-in• Objective: To explore the basic MMC snap-in
console and navigation• Start Administrative Tools Internet
Information Services (IIS) Manager• Explore the FTP Sites, Application Pools, Web
Sites, Web Service Extensions, Default SMTP Virtual Server, and Default NNTP Virtual Server nodes
15
Activity 13-3 (continued)
• Using the IIS tool, master properties can be configured for Web and FTP sites from site-folder level
• If an individual site is pre-configured when master properties are set, you are prompted whether or not to change the site settings
16
Activity 13-4: Viewing and Configuring the Master
Properties of the WWW Service• Objective: To explore the use of master properties
through the configuration of the WWW service• From the open IIS Manager window, open the
Web Sites folder properties• Configure the folder properties as directed• Test setting inheritance by viewing the Default
Web Site properties
17
Creating and Configuring Web-Site Virtual Servers
• A virtual server is a unique Web site that behaves as if it were on a dedicated server
• IIS can support many virtual servers on a single server
• Configuration conflicts are avoided by identifying the IP address, TCP port, and host header name of each Web site and ensuring that the site is uniquely identified through these features
18
Activity 13-5: Creating a New Web Site Using the Web Site
Creation Wizard• Objective: To become familiar with the Web Site
Creation Wizard• Change the port number of the Default Web Site
as directed and verify the change• Create a new Web site using the Web Site
Creation Wizard• Create a default HTML index page for the new
site
19
Activity 13-6: Creating a New Web Site Using the
IISWEB.VBS Script• Objective: To explore using the IISWEB.VBS
script as an alternative to the IIS tool for Web site creation
• Start Run type cmd OK• Make a new Web site home directory as directed• Run the IISWEB.VBS script as directed • Verify that the Web site has been created and
configured correctly
20
Modifying Web-Site Properties
• Individual Web site parameters can be modified and fine-tuned through the site’s properties
• Modifying an individual site’s properties does not affect any other sites
• Modifying an individual site’s properties overrides any configurations set in the master properties at the server level
21
Modifying Web-Site Properties (continued)
22
Activity 13-7: Configuring Web-Site Properties
• Objective: To explore and configure the available properties for an individual Web site
• Open IIS and the Properties of the site to be configured
• Configure settings as directed• Create an html file and configure it as a footer • Customize an error message• Verify the configured settings
23
Creating Virtual Directories
• A virtual directory points to a shared folder on the server
• An alias name can be created• Hides the real directory name
• Can simplify the path to the folder
• Clients can access a virtual directory by appending the alias name to the Web-site host name
24
Activity 13-8: Creating and Configuring a Virtual
Directory• Objective: To familiarize students with the process
of creating and configuring a virtual directory• Create and configure a new shared folder• Create a new index file for the Web site• Open and use the Virtual Directory Creation
Wizard to create a virtual directory with an alias• Explore Properties and verify proper configuration
of the site
25
Configuring Authentication for Web Sites
• Authentication is the determination of whether or not a user account has the proper permissions to access a resource such as a Web site
• IIS provides five levels of authentication:• Anonymous access
• Basic authentication
• Digest authentication
• Integrated Windows authentication
• .NET Passport authentication
26
Anonymous Access and Basic Authentication
• Anonymous access • Users do not need to provide a user name and password
• Uses the IUSR_servername user account to provide authentication credentials
• Basic authentication• User is prompted to supply a user name and password
• User needs a valid Windows Server 2003 user account
• One drawback is that information is transmitted using unencrypted Base64 encoding (easy to hack)
27
Digest Authentication and Integrated Windows Authentication
• Digest authentication• Similar to basic authentication but hashes user name
and password using MD5 algorithm • Has specific software and Active Directory
requirements
• Integrated Windows authentication• Does not prompt for password• Uses client’s logged on credentials• Used primarily for internal intranets, has specific
permissions requirements
28
.NET Passport Authentication and Multiple Authentications
• .NET Passport authentication• New method currently in testing to use the .NET
Passport service
• Will require preproduction tests and a registration process
• If multiple authentication methods are configured, specific rules apply concerning precedence and applicability
29
Activity 13-9: Configuring and Testing Web-Site
Authentication Options• Objective: To configure and compare two of the
Web-site authentication options• Discover the current configuration using the IIS
Manager tool• Explore the effect of the current configuration on
Web-site access• Change the configuration and explore the effect of
the change
30
Configuring Server Certificates and Secure Sockets Layer
• The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol encrypts Web traffic between a client and a Web server
• Configured from the Directory Security tab of the properties of a Web site
• Users access a secure server using https:// prefix• SSL requires a server certificate from a certificate
authority or from installed certificate services
31
Configuring FTP Virtual Servers
• The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used for file transfers between computers running TCP/IP
• FTP service is included with IIS 6.0• FTP uses two ports (TCP ports 20 and 21)
• Port 21 carries connection initiation and diagnosis information
• Port 20 carries data
• FTP uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)• Connection-based protocol, session precedes data
transfer
32
File Transfer Protocol• Features of TCP include:
• Sending computer waits for an acknowledgement and retransmits data if it is not received
• Packets are assigned a sequence number
• Packets contain a checksum for ensuring integrity
• FTP requires a server running FTP server software and clients must run FTP client software
• There are many free and shareware utilities that can be downloaded for running FTP
33
Configuring FTP Properties
• Multiple FTP sites can be configured on a single IIS 6.0 server
• Each site operates independently and runs transparently
• Each site has property sheets that can be customized independently
34
Configuring FTP Properties (continued)
35
Activity 13-10: Configuring and Testing the Default FTP
Site• Objective: To become familiar with the process of
configuring and testing an existing Web site• Open the IIS Manager tool and the Properties of
the Default FTP Site• Browse and configure various settings of the site• Log on as an anonymous user to test the site
configuration
36
Activity 13-11: Creating and Testing a New FTP Site and Configuring a Virtual
Directory
• Objective: To create an FTP site that includes a virtual directory located on a different server
• Create new folders for FTP site and configure permissions and IP address as directed
• Use the FTP Site Creation Wizard to create a site• Use the Virtual Directory Creation Wizard to
create a new virtual directory• Test the site by logging on and transferring a file
37
Updating and Maintaining Security for an IIS Server
• Sensitivity to security issues is always important for information published on the Internet
• Issues of importance in security and maintenance for an IIS server:• Alternatives to securing access to information
• Performing backups
• Stopping and starting IIS related services
• Applying updates
38
Resource Permissions
• Two types of permissions to secure Web resources• NTFS permissions
• IIS permissions
• The effective permission is always the most restrictive of configured permissions
• NTFS permissions• Normal NTFS file permissions can be applied to Web
pages and virtual directories
• Can be assigned to users and groups individually
39
Resource Permissions (continued)
• IIS permissions• Always global
• Can be configured for Web sites and FTP virtual servers, virtual directories, physical directories, files
• Can set Read and/or Write permissions
• Can set Execute permission if site contains scripts or executables
40
Activity 13-12: Configuring IIS and NTFS Permissions
• Objective: To explore the use of both IIS and NTFS permissions for protecting Web content
• Open the IIS Manager tool and access the Properties of a Web site to configure IIS permissions
• Test the IIS permissions as directed• Open the Properties of the Web content folder to
configure NTFS permissions• Test the NTFS permissions as directed
41
IP Address and Domain Name Security
• Can secure Web content by controlling access based on the IP address of the client
• Access can be explicitly granted or denied• Access can be controlled for a specific IP address
or a range of IP addresses
42
Activity 13-13: Testing IP Address Restrictions
• Objective: To explore securing Web content using restrictions on IP addresses
• Open the IIS Manager tool and the Properties of the Web site
• From the Directory Security tab, edit the IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions to deny access to a specific IP address
• Test the restrictions as directed
43
Starting and Stopping Services and Backing UP the IIS Configuration
• IIS 6.0 allows you to start and stop services through the IIS console
• IIS 6.0 stores configuration settings in the IIS metabase that can be backed up• Using the Backup utility in the IIS console
• By copying contents of the backup directory to a folder
• By exporting contents using the metabase editor
• By using the IISBACK.VBS script
• By backing up System State data using Backup utility
44
Activity 13-14: Backing Up the IIS Configuration
• Objective: To explore the use of the backup and restore facilities of IIS
• Open the IIS Manager tool and Backup/Restore Configuration facility for the server
• Create a backup as directed• Verify the backup• Restore the metabase from the backup as directed
45
Updating IIS 6.0
• Common updates to IIS are service packs and hot fixes
• Before updating, perform a full backup of server• Updates are often released to fix security issues• Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer helps
determine which IIS hot fixes are installed
46
Creating and Modifying Web Folders
• A Web folder is a shared folder designed to be accessed using HTTP or FTP
• Use the Web Sharing tab of the folder Properties to configure the folder
• Web folders can use an alias name• The Edit Alias dialog box allows you to set the name,
access permissions, and application permissions
• Network clients can open a Web-based file using• Internet Explorer, My Network Places, Microsoft
Office XP
47
Activity 13-15: Configuring Web Folders and Exploring Access
Methods• Objective: To become familiar with configuring
and accessing a Web shared folder• Create a new folder and file• Configure the folder using the Web Sharing tab of
the folder’s Properties• Open the IIS Manager tool and verify that the
virtual directory appears• Open Internet Explorer to examine the folder and
file
48
Installing and Using Remote Administration (HTML) Tools
• Remote Administration (HTML) tools support the ability to manage IIS servers remotely via a Web browser interface
• On Windows Server 2003, these tools are not installed by default
• Tools must added manually via the Add/Remove Windows Components feature of Control Panel
49
Activity 13-16: Install and Explore the Remote Administration (HTML)
Tools• Objective: To explore the installation process and
to examine various settings from Internet Explorer• Start Control Panel Add or Remove
Programs Add/Remove Windows Components• Install the tools as directed• Open Internet Explorer, configure the site, and
connect to the Remote Administration Web site• Browse the site as directed
50
Installing and Configuring Internet Printing
• Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)• Allows printers to be managed via a Web browser
• Allows clients to send print jobs using HTTP
• Requires the installation of IIS and the Internet Printing component
• Internet Printing requires that the Internet Printing Web Service Extension and the Active Server Pages Extension be explicitly enabled
51
Activity 13-17: Configuring and Managing Internet Printing
• Objective: to explore Internet Printing settings, manage printers from IE, and install a printer to use Internet Printing
• Use the IIS Manager tool to configure Internet Printing on the server
• Use Internet Explorer to view printers and their properties
• Install a printer to use Internet Printing and verify that the printer port is configured correctly
52
Troubleshooting Web Client Connectivity Problems
• Client access problems are not uncommon• If a user is unable to access an IIS Server
• Check TCP/IP configuration settings, proxy settings, connections, set up error messages, use a protocol analyzer
• If a user is unable to access a Web or FTP site• Check permissions, authentication methods, IP address
and domain name restrictions, connection limits, port numbers, user accounts, invalid cached DNS information
53
Summary
• Internet Information Services (IIS) 6.0 is an application in Windows Server 2003 used to develop and host Web- and FTP-based services
• Four main components to IIS: World Wide Web (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), and Simple Main Transfer Protocol (SMTP) services
• IIS components must be manually installed
54
Summary (continued)• IIS configuration information is stored in two
XML files known as the metabase• The IIS MMC snap-in (the IIS Manager tool) is
the primary tool for IIS configuration• Virtual servers are unique Web or FTP sites that
behave as though they are on dedicated servers• IIS provides five levels of authentication to
validate users trying to access a Web site• Web communications can be encrypted using the
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol
55
Summary (continued)• To maintain an IIS server, an administrator should
use security features, perform backups, start and stop IIS services, and apply updates
• Remote Administration (HTML) tools are used to manage IIS 6.0 servers remotely
• The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) allows printers to be managed via Web browser and allows clients to sent print jobs using HTTP
• Configurations can cause user access problems to either an IIS Server or a Web or FTP site, note the things to check first