Chapter 9 Learning Goals

1. Define language and describe its rule systems. What is language? What are language’s five main rule systems?

2. Describe how language develops through the life span. What are some key milestones of language development during infancy? How do language skills change during early childhood? How does language develop in middle and late childhood? How does language develop in adolescence? How do language skills change during adulthood?

3. Discuss the biological and environmental contributions to language skills. What are the biological foundations of language? What are the environmental aspects of language? How does an interactionist view describe language?

Key Terms

Aphasia Metaphor

Broca’s area Morphology

Child-directed speech

Dialect

Phonology

Phonics approach

Expanding Pragmatics

Fast mapping Recasting

Infinite generativity Satire

Labeling Semantics

Language Syntax

Language acquisition device Telegraphic speech

Metalinguistic awareness Wernicke’s area

Whole language approach

Key People

Naomi Baron Jerome Bruner Janellen HuttenlocherJean Berko Noam Chomsky Patricia KuhlRoger Brown Betty Hart Todd Risley