Chapter 6 ancient china

Chapter 6

Geography of China

• China is a land of over four 1)million square miles.

• It is home to:

▫ 2)The Gobi Desert

▫ 3)Plateau of Tibet

▫ 4)Huang He River

▫ 5)Yangzi River

▫ 6)Qinling Shandi

The Gobi Desert• It’s the 7)fifth largest desert

in the 8)world

• It’s the largest 9)arid region on the Asian continent.

• The desert spans 10)twocountries.

▫ 11)China (north/northwest)

▫ 12)Mongolia (south)

The Gobi Desert• Gobi means

“13)Waterless Place”

• The climate is very 14)cold

• It rarely 15)snows

• It is located 16)abovesea level

• 17)Rainfall is up to 7.6 inches per year.

The Gobi Desert• Its a rain

18)shadowdesert

• It 19)suffersfrom having most of its rain blocked by the 20)Himalayas.

Mind Map

• Your Topic is Gobi Desert

• Use all the bubbles

• Make sure to use 4 or less words or a picture

Plateau of Tibet• Located in the

21)southwest of China.

• It has several mountain 22)peaksthat reach more than 23)26,000 feet.

Plateau of Tibet• Sometimes called "the

24)roof of the world"

• It is the 25)highestand biggest 26)plateau in the world.

Huang He River• Also known as the

27)Yellow River

• Its the second-longest river in 28)China

• The sixth-longest in the 29)world

• It flows through nine provinces of China and empties into the 30)Bohai Sea.

Huang He River• The Yellow River is

called "the 31)cradleof Chinese civilization"

• The name Huang He means “32)river"

• It originates from the 33)KunlunMountains and flows into the Yellow 34)Sea

Mind Map

• Your Topic is Huang He River

• Use four bubbles


Yangzi River• The longest river in 35)Asia

• The 36)third-longest in the world.

• It flows for 37)3,988 miles

• It starts at the 38)Tibetan Plateau and empties into the 39)East China Sea

• Its river basin is 40)home to one-third of China's 41)population.

Mind Map

• Your Topic is Yangzi River



Qinling Shandi• This is a

42)mountainrange in the 43)western part of China.

• It separates 44)northernChina from 45)South China.

Growth of Farming

• Farming began on the two main rivers:

▫ 46)Huang He

▫ 47)Yangzi

• The major groups include:

▫ 48)Rice

▫ 49)Wheat

▫ 50)Millet

Development of Other food

Sources• The 51)Chinese people

developed several other forms of capturing and 52)collecting food:

▫ 53)Fishing (bow and arrow)

▫ 54)Domesticated Pigs and Sheep

• These help to 55)advanceand grow the countries 56)population

Xia the First Dynasty

• Around 57)2200 BC battles were frequent between the 58)Xia tribe and 59)Chi You's tribe.

• The Xia 60)won these battles.

• 61)Yu the Great was the first ruler and founder of the Xia 62)Dynasty.

Xia the First Dynasty

• He is best 63)rememberedfor teaching the people 64)floodcontrol techniques to tame China's rivers and 65)lakes.

Xia Dynasty Achievements

• The dynasty was the first to:

▫ 66)Irrigate

▫ 67)Cast bronze

▫ 68)Strong army

▫ 69)Created a calendar

Xia Dynasty Achievements

• There were 13 70)generations and 16 71)kings in Xia dynasty

• Xia 72)declinedover many years and was replaced by 73)Shang dynasty

• It existed for 74)400years

Mind Map

• Your Topic is Xia Dynasty



Shang Dynasty

• Following the 75)XiaDynasty the Shang Dynasty became the second dynasty in 76)Chinese history

• From King 77)Tang to King 78)Zhou, the Shang Dynasty lasted:

▫ 79)600 years

▫ 80)30 emperors

Shang Dynasty• The main crops of the

dynasty included:

▫ 81)Millet

▫ 82)Wheat

▫ 83)Rice

▫ 84)Mulberry

Shang Dynasty

• Industry included:

▫ 85)Bronze making

▫ 86)Large-scale works

▫ 87)Invented porcelain

▫ Improved 88)potteryand 89)jade making techniques

Shang Dynasty• 90)Social order become more

organized under this dynasty.

• China’s first 91)writing system

• Created Jade items:

▫ 92)Axes

▫ 93)Knives

• They developed:

▫ 94)Bronze body armor

▫ 95)War Chariots

▫ 96)Calendar based on cycles of the moon

Mind Map

• Your Topic is Shang Dynasty



The New Ideas of the Zhou• A people named the

97)Zhou came to power in 98)1050 BC

• This dynasty became known as the Zhou 99)Dynasty

• It lasted until 100)400BC

• It’s the 101)longestdynasty in Chinese history.

The New Ideas of the Zhou

• The kings of the empire claimed that 102)heavengave them their power

• They established a new 103)political order:

▫ 104)Kings

▫ 105)Lords and Warriors

▫ 106)Peasants

The New Ideas of the Zhou

• The system allowed 107)China to be under control

• The 108)Lords would help keep the far reaching 109)areasunder the dynasty

Three parts of Zhou

• The Dynasty is divided into three periods:

▫ 110)Western Zhou

▫ 111)Eastern Zhou

▫ 112)Late Zhou

Western Zhou• The period was the 113)first

half of the Zhou Dynasty

• It began when King 114)Wuof Zhou overthrew the 115)Shang Dynasty

• The dynasty was successful for about 116)seventy-fiveyears and then slowly lost 117)power

Western Zhou• King Wu 118)died two or

three years after the 119)conquest.

• His son, King 120)Chengwas young

• King Wu’s 121)brotherassisted the young and 122)inexperienced king as 123)regent.

Western Zhou• The young kings

124)brothersconcerned about the growing 125)powerof the uncle formed an 126)alliance with other regional rulers and remnants in a 127)rebellion

Confucius• Born in 128)551 BC• The most 129)influential

teacher is Chinese history• The 130)philosophy of

Confucius emphasized:▫ Personal and governmental

131)morality

▫ 132)Correctness of social relationships

▫ 133)Justice▫ 134)Sincerity

Confucianism• His ideas become known

as 135)Confucianism

• He wanted 136)China to return to ideas and practices when people knew their 137)roles in society

• He 138)traveled China teaching his ideas to the 139)people

Confucianism• A 140)book was written

by his followers named the 141)Analects sharing his beliefs

• His 142)students would use this book to teach others about his 143)philosophy

Daoism• The term Daoism

means “144)the way”

• It is also spelled 145)Taoism

• 146)Laozi was the most famous Daoist147)teacher

Daoism• This 148)belief stressed

living in harmony with the 149)universe

• They believed that 150)people should avoid interfering with 151)nature

Daoism• They taught that the world

is a 152)balance of opposites:

▫ 153)Female vs Male

▫ 154)Light vs Dark

▫ 155)Low vs High

• They both have to work together to stay in 156)harmony with the world

Legalism• This is a Chinese

157)philosophy that emphasizes the need for order above all other 158)humanconcerns

• Legalists believed that 159)government could only work if rulers were not deceived by 160)impossible ideals such as:▫ 161)Tradition▫ 162)Humanity

Legalism• They 163)believe that attempts to

improve the human 164)situationby education and morals were 165)useless.

• Instead 166)people needed a strong 167)government

• A carefully devised code of 168)law

• A 169)police force that would stringently and 170)impartiallyenforce these rules and 171)punishharshly even the most 172)minorinfractions

Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC)

• Several 173)states battled for control of the country during a period called 174)Warring States

• The state of 175)Qin defeated all of its 176)enemies

• The Qin united the 177)country under one 178)government


• The King was 179)Ying Zheng

• He changed his name to 180)Shi Huangdiwhich means “First Emperor”

• He was a 181)legalist• His government was

strong with 182)strictlaws and harsh 183)punishments


• He ordered 184)burning of all writing that did not agree with 185)Legalism

• He took away the power of the 186)lords

• He required them to move to the 187)capital city

• He used 188)force labor on the citizens to get 189)projects done

Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC)• The 190)country was divided

into 191)districts

• Each one had a 192)governor

• The districts were divided into 193)counties

• Each one was ran by a appointed 194)official

• This was used to enforce 195)taxes and keep a tight 196)control of the districts

Qin Achievements• Roads that

197)connected the capital to every part of the 198)country

• Advanced 199)CanalSystem

• Advanced 200)IrrigationSystem

• Worked on the 201)Great Wall

End of the Qin• Shi Huangdi 202)died in

210 BC

• Within a few years the country 203)fell into a civil war ending the first dynasty of 204)China

• His tomb was recovered in 205)1974

End of the Qin

• It was filled with an 206)army of soldiers made of 207)terra-cotta

• They found over 208)6,000 life size soldiers and another 1,400 figures of 209)cavalry and 210)chariots

Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)• 211)Liu Bang a peasant from

birth

• Takes over after the 212)collapse of the Qin’s in 207 BC

• He will the first of 213)emperor of the dynasty

• This dynasty will last for over 214)400 years

Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)

• Liu Bang freed people from the 215)legalismof the past

• He lowered 216)taxesand lessened 217)punishments for crimes

• He relied on 218)educationofficials to help 219)rule the region

Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)

• He died in 220)195BC from natural causes

• Liu Bang was 221)immortalizedas Emperor 222)Gao-Di.

Rise of Wudi• 223)Wudi was the

seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty

• He 224)ruled from 141 to 87 BC

• Wudi inherited 225)imperial power when he was 226)15

Rule of Wudi• Under Wudi

227)Confucianismbecame an official government 228)philosophy

• He started a Confucian 229)Academy

Rule of Wudi• Those who 230)passed a

test about Confucian political philosophy were 231)guaranteed a job in government

• This test was 232)corrupt and only the rich and 233)powerfulwere allowed to even take the 234)exam

Mind Map

• Your Topic is Wudi

• Use all of the bubbles


Han Social Classes• Under the Confucian

system people were divided into four groups:▫ Shi – 235)Gentry

Scholars▫ Nong – 236)Peasant

Farmers▫ Gong – 237)Artisans

and Craftsmen▫ Shang – 238)Merchants

and Traders

Shi-Gentry Scholars• This class was made of

239)aristocraticscholars

• They studied in order to 240)occupy positions of rank

• Scholars were never very 241)rich, but they were respected because of their 242)knowledge

Nong – Peasant Farmers

• Farmers were 243)second only to gentry scholars

• They were 244)landholders

• 245)Agriculturelong played a key role in the rise of Chinese 246)civilization

Nong – Peasant Farmers

• They paid land 247)tax, which was a source of state 248)revenue for the ruling dynasties

• Farmers were therefore 249)valuablemembers of society even though they weren’t 250)shi

Mind Map

• Your Topic is Nong



Gong – Artisans and Craftsmen

• This class had 251)skills to make useful objects

• Most of them did not have 252)land of their own and so did not generate the 253)revenue


• They 254)commandedmore respect than merchants because the skills they had were handed 255)down from father to 256)son


• They could be 257)governmentemployed or 258)selfemployed

• Those that were most 259)successful could become wealthy enough to hire 260)apprenticesor laborers

• The artisans formed their own 261)guilds

Mind Map

• Your Topic is Gong



Shang – Merchants and Traders

• Transported and 262)traded goods made by others

• Sometimes 263)merchantsbought land in order to be considered 264)farmers and therefore command more 265)respect in society

Shang – Merchants and Traders

• Some would buy a good 266)education for their children so that they could attain the status of 267)scholars

• This class was the 268)lowest class in the society

• People believed they were 269)greedy and 270)immoral

Mind Map

• Your Topic is Shang



Han Achievements• Many works of art were

produced

▫ 271)Figure painting

▫ 272)Portraits

▫ 273)Nature scenes

• Han Literature included:

▫ 274)Poetry

▫ 275)Historical writings

Han Achievements• Inventions of the

dynasty included:

▫ 276)Modern Paper

▫ 277)Books

• Innovations of the dynasty included:

▫ 278)Sundial

▫ 279)Seismograph

▫ 280)Acupuncture

Mind Map

• Your Topic is Han Achievements



Technology

Chapter 6 ancient china