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Today’s Issues:
East Asia
The issues facing East Asian nations include earthquakes, economic recessions, growing populations, and rapidly changing societies.
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SECTION 1 The Ring of Fire
SECTION 2 Trade and Prosperity
Today’s Issues:
East Asia
Case Study Population and the Quality of Life
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Section 1
The Ring of Fire • The islands of Japan form part of a
geologically active area called the Ring of Fire.
• Because of its location, Japan has faced disastrous earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis.
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Physical Forces in the Ring of Fire
Shifting Plates • Many Japanese cities are threatened by
earthquakes- Japan is on the Ring of Fire—chain of volcanoes
around Pacific Rim • Subduction—oceanic plate slides under continental
plate • In East Asia, Pacific oceanic plate meets Eurasian
continental plate- crumpled continental crust forms mountains,
volcanoes- stress builds where plates meet; sudden slip
creates earthquake
SECTION
1 The Ring of Fire
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The Geology of Japan
Volcanoes • Subduction of Pacific plate under Eurasian plate
created volcanoes- volcanoes formed Japanese islands
• Since first records, at least 60 Japanese volcanoes have been active- best-known Japanese landform, Mt. Fuji, is a
volcano
SECTION
1
Continued . . .NEXT
SECTION
1
Earthquakes and Tsunamis • An average of 1,000 earthquakes occur in Japan
each year- most are mild, but some cause many deaths,
great destruction • 1923 Great Kanto earthquake and its fires killed
140,000 people- left Tokyo in ruins, damaged or destroyed
700,000 homes • Underwater earthquakes move ocean floor; can
create tsunami- huge wave of great destructive power that can
reach over 100 feet
continued The Geology of Japan
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Preparing for Disasters
Problems • Older buildings won’t withstand earthquakes as well
as newer ones- some are built on less stable ground or landfill
• Underground gas lines are likely to rupture in an earthquake- leaking gas can catch fire
• Crowded blocks and narrow streets hinder rescue operations
SECTION
1
Continued . . .NEXT
SECTION
1
Solutions • Japan has strict building code
- engineers study how different buildings withstand quakes
- studies affect codes governing constructionmaterials, techniques
- this makes newer buildings safer than older ones • Schoolchildren have yearly disaster drills with
firemen
continued Preparing for Disasters
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Section 2
Trade and Prosperity • East Asian economies became global
powerhouses in the 1970s and 1980s.
• The decline of Asian economies in the 1990s created a crisis that spread around the globe.
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Opening Doors
Opening to the West • East Asian nations are isolated from world until
1500s- Europeans use various means, including force, to
end isolation • By 1800s, treaties give Europeans spheres of
influence in East- exclusive areas where specific nations control
trade • Commodore Matthew Perry sails to Japan in 1853
to open U.S. trade- U.S. warships intimidate Japan into opening up to
U.S., West
Trade and Prosperity SECTION
2
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Continued . . .
SECTION
2
Industrialization and Globalization • After WWII, nations industrialize, East-West trade
increases- “Made in China,” “Made in Japan” labels are
common in West •Regional economies merge, global economy
develops- global economy—nations are interdependent for
goods, services • Japan imports resources, exports manufactured
goods worldwide • East Asian nations use cheap labor to become
manufacturing powers
continued Opening Doors
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Powerful Economies of East Asia
Zone of Prosperity • Many Asian economies do very well in 1980s, early
’90s • Economically powerful nations in Pacific Rim zone
of prosperity - called the Jakota Triangle—Japan, Korea
(South), Taiwan • But by mid-1990s these economies are having
problems
SECTION
2
Continued . . .NEXT
SECTION
2
Economic Problems Arise • Asian economies run on efficiency, innovation, and
cheap labor •1995 report from UNICEF (the United Nations
Children’s Fund)- over 500,000 East Asian children work in
factories, beg on streets • Bank, business bankruptcies in mid-1990s panic
foreign investors - they sell Asian stocks; riots occur; governments
topple • Japan enters recession—an extended decline in
business activity
continued Powerful Economies of East Asia
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Continued . . .
SECTION
2
A Global Ripple Effect • Many of the world’s economies are interconnected
- Asian economic crisis spreads through the world- creates concern on New York Stock Exchange,
other exchanges •Steps are taken to prevent global economic
downturn- World Bank, International Monetary Fund step in- they lend money to East Asian countries that
promise reform •The economic downslide begins to reverse
continued Powerful Economies of East Asia
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Continued . . .
SECTION
2
The Promise of Reform • Crisis shows East Asia that serious reform is
needed- increased wages for adult workers- ban on child-labor, forced-labor practices
•Reform also requires an end to using sweatshops- places where people work long hours in poor
conditions for pennies
continued Powerful Economies of East Asia
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Case Study Population and the Quality of Life
BACKGROUND• Some East Asian countries, cities are among
world’s most prosperous • Japan, South Korea, Taiwan have high incomes,
life spans, literacy • Economies are strong, but today’s problem is
managing population
What Pressures Does Population Put on the Environment?
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Case Study
The Situation at Mid-Century • In mid-1900s, East Asian nations are among
world’s least developed- poor health, literacy, economic statistics- widespread poverty, short life expectancy
• High fertility rates, but also high infant and maternal death rates- in 1950, region’s women marry young, average
six children • Economies remain rural through mid-century
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Patterns of Population
Case Study
Environmental Stress • Policy makers know population control is key to
solving problems • Unrestricted population growth strains quality of
life, environment- food production is barely adequate- lack of sanitation fouls water supplies- water tables are drained to low levels
• East Asian governments move to prevent catastrophe
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Addressing Population Problems
Continued . . .
Case Study
Problems and Policies • Aggressive family planning programs level, then
lower birth rates - by 2000, region’s women marry later, average
2.5 children • In China, 1950-55 birth rate was 6.2 children per
woman - drops down to 1.82 children per woman in 2000
continued Addressing Population Problems
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Impressive Results • Drop in birth rate, industrialization lead to fast
economic growth- life expectancy, literacy rates are now among
world’s highest
Case Study
Some Ongoing Problems • Region’s huge populations still put pressure on
environment- a 1% growth rate in China equals 13 million
people each year • Population growth is concentrated in cities
- more people require more housing, sanitation, transportation
• Citizens don’t always like family planning programs- feel China’s one-child-per-family policy
compromises rights
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The Quality of Life
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