Mr. Hunter04/08/2013Chapter 14 Exam Review Questions

NAME____________________ DATE_________ PER#______

1. Biogenesis can be defined as ______________ pg. 2792. Spontaneous generation can be defined as __________ pg. 2793. An isotope of an element has_____ a different number of _____4. One of the observations that led people to think that life could arise from

nonliving things was that ___________ observed by Redi. pg. 2795. The purpose of the netting in Redi’s experiment was to prevent_____ pg. 2796. Describe the experimental group in Spallanzini’s experiment_______ pg. 2807. How did Spallanzani’s opponents disagree with his conclusion that

microorganism from the air contaminated the boiled meat broth.? Pg. 2808. What was the function of the In Pasteur’s experiment, the function of the

curved necked flasks in Pasteur’s experiment? Pg. 2819. Which scientist conclusively demonstrated that the principle of spontaneous

Generation was not correct? Pg. 281 10. How do scientists theorize that the Earth formed? Pg. 28211. The age of the Earth is estimated to be _________ pg. 28212. Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. Therefore, the isotope sulfur-35 has _____ protons and _____neutrons13. When performing radioactive dating scientists measure the ________pg. 28314. Carbon-14 dating is useful for estimating the age of _____ pg. 28415. Determining the age of a rock by comparing relative proportions of its radioactive

isotopes is called_____ pg. 282-28316. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is the ____ pg. 28217. A half-life can be defined as _____ pg. 28318. Before life arose on this planet, what gas was present in the atmosphere?_____

pg. 284-28519. What type of organic molecules were Miller and Urey able to produce in their

1953 experiment?___ pg. 28520. Thomas Cech found a type of RNA that can act as a catalyst in some chemical

reactions. What did he call this type of RNA molecule?______ pg. 28821. Which of the following is true of microspheres and living cells?___ pg. 28622. Aerobic respiration requires what type of gas to be present? ____ pg. 288-28923. Aerobic respiration may have protected early unicellular organisms from

damage by_____ pg. 288-28924. What role did ozone play in the evolution of early life on this planet? Pg. 289

25. Based on the conditions of the early Earth, and experimentation, scientists have inferred that the first cellular life-forms were anaerobic prokaryotes and that they used ________ pg. 289-290

26. The first organisms on Earth were probably______pg. 289-29027. The eukaryotic organelle that is thought to have evolved from aerobic prokaryotes

is the ________ pg. 29028. Eukaryotes may have evolved from _____ pg. 290

29. Which of the following enabled the formation of true cells on early Earth? Pg. 289

30. What theory proposes a method for the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryoticOrganisms from prokaryotyes?____ pg. 290

31. The oldest known fossil organisms are about 3.5 billion years old and are Similar to_______pg. 286-291

32. Oxygen began to enter the atmosphere of the early Earth as a result of____ pg. 289

33. The forerunners of the first cells may have been the gathering of Protein molecules into ______ pg. 286-289

34. Some scientists believe that areas that were protected from the atmosphere might favor the production of organic compounds on early Earth because___ pg. 285-289

35. The half-life of an isotope affects its usefulness in dating specific types of rocks because__________ pg. 284

36. The discovery of microspheres and coacervates were an important contribution in understanding how life might have originated on Earth because ____pg. 286

37. ___________ in the upper atmosphere is responsible for the absorption of UV radiation. Pg. 289

The graph above represents the radioactive decay of an isotope. If the half life of Selium-45 Is 25,000 years.

38. How old is a rock that contains only 1/16 th of its original Selium-45?

39. If the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 yrs, how many half lives have passed to obtain a sample of carbon-14 at 50%?________

40. The half-life of boron-12 is 4500 yrs. How old is a sample that contains only 25%

Of boron-12? __________