CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN AGRICULTURE

Dr Muhammad Anjum Ali

Director General Agriculture (Ext&AR) Punjab

AGRICULTURE SECTOR

Largest sector of the economy

21% of the Gross Domestic Product

45% manpower employment

70% of national agricultural output is from Punjab

63% share in export earnings

Economic Survey of Pakistan 2013-14

AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION

Sr.

No. Crop

Production in Punjab

vs Pakistan

1 Wheat 76%

2 Cotton 71%

3 Rice 56%

4 Sugarcane 65%

5 Maize 78%

6 Mango 66%

7 Citrus 95%

8 Guava 82%

9 Dates 34%

PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT

Crops Production

1947-48 (000 Tons)

Production 2013-14

(000 Tons)

Increase (Times)

Wheat 2,637 19,470 7

Rice 253 3,481 14

Cotton lint (000 Bales) 735 9,526 13

Sugarcane 3,972 43,700 11

Maize 168 3,719 20

Potato 24 3,639 152

Citrus (1957-58) 79 1,930 24

Mango (1957-58) 102 1,280 13

Guava (1957-58) 15 379 25

MAJOR CROPS

0.0

2000.0

4000.0

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12000.0

20

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COTTON (Production-000 Bales)

Production

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COTTON (Average Yield-Mds/Acre)

Average Yield

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

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35.0

40.0

45.0

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SUGARCANE (Production-Mill. Tonns)

Production

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SUGARCANE (Average Yield-Mds/Acre)

Average Yield

MAJOR CROPS

0.0

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RICE (Production-000 Tonns)

Production

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RICE (Average Yield-Mds/ Acre)

Average Yield

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MAIZE (Production-000 Tonns)

Production

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MAIZE (Average Yield-Mds/ Acre)

Average Yield

MAJOR CROPS

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(Ta

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WHEAT (Production-000 Tonns)

Production0.00

5.00

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WHEAT (Average Yield-Mds/ Acre)

Average Yield

0.00

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GRAM (Production-000 Tonns)

Production

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GRAM (Average Yield-Mds/ Acre)

Average Yield

CHALLANGES

Food Security for the burgeoning population

Reduction in Food Import Bill

Soil, Water, Climate Change

Diversification, Intensification and Value Addition

Management of Agriculture Inputs and enabling environment

Compliance to the International Standards

Harvesting the benefits of strategic location

Human Resource Development & Policy Reforms

CULTIVATED AREA IN PUNJAB

Year Per Capita Total Area

(Kanal) Per Capita Cultivated

Area (Kanal)

1951 20.0 8.7

1961 16.0 7.8

1972 11.0 5.8

1981 8.60 4.8

1998 5.50 3.3

2008 4.50 2.7

2012 4.20 2.2

2030 1.74 1.02

LAND OWNERSHIP PATTERN

SIZE (Acres) % FARMS % CULT. AREA

<12.5 85.3 47.2

12.5 – 25 9.6 21.5

25 – 50 4.0 16.5

50 – 100 1.0 8.3

100 – 150 < 0.1 2.3

>150 < 0.1 4.2

SOIL

• Urbanization, Erosion, Over-Grazing Range Lands, Land Fragmentation, Flood Losses

LOSSES

• Soil Fertility, Water Logging, Salinity, Less Water, Compaction, Low Organic Matter

Health

WATER Declining resources, Increase Use,

Low Efficiency

SURFACE WATER:

Water Shed Management,

Storage, Small/Mini-dam, Development of

Water Based Agriculture

WATER BASED Technologies,

Desert Agriculture,

Saline Agriculture

SUB SURFACE WATER

Over-pumping, Quality loss, One million pumps

No Ground water rationing

RAINFED (Rain-Fed Agriculture,

Hill-Torrents, Rain Water Harvesting)

CLIMATE CHANGE

• Visible impacts, Less Preparedness,

• Less Coordination, Funding R&D PROBLEMS

• Climate Smart Agriculture, Early Warning Systems, SUPARCO, PAKMET, PITB, Agriculture, work together, Data Bank, Trainings and Awareness

ACTIONS

SEED • Up-gradation of Infrastructure, P.P.

Partnership, Promotion & subsidies, Seed Exchange, Adoption of certified seed. Horticulture Seed Sector

R&D

• Quarantine Laws, Reforms, Seed Act, Plant Breeders Rights

Imports

SEED REQUIREMENT VS AVAILABILITY

Crop Total Seed

Requirement

Seed Availability Public Private Imported

Wheat 1085,400 70,560 200,690 -

Cotton 40,000 7,000 10,175.25 -

Rice 42,480 5,068 28,216 3,840.69

Maize 31,914 245 2,527.89 11,617.83

Pulses 47,496 24 665.81 -

Oil Seed 10,582 5 37 1,320.08

Vegetable 9,070 7 58 4,743.72

Fodder 40,138 4 6 20,921.01

Potato 372,725 33 30 4,217.15

TOTAL 1679,805 82946 242405.95 46,660

(Metric Tons)

MACHINERY

• Wide Tractor Implement Ratio, Big gap in mechanization, Less skilled operators, Dearth in Quality and Range (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Implements) No Scale Specific Machinery, Imports & Reverse Engineering, Bio-energy

CH

ALLA

NG

E

FERTLIZER

• Increasing use of Macro-Micro Fertilizers, Cost of Fertilizers, Im-balance Use, wide range, Late Imports, Low NPK Ratio, Low Fertilizer Use Efficiency, Imp-proper Placement, Tracking and pricing

CH

ALLA

NG

E

(000 N. Tons)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

N P K

FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION

FERTILIZER DEMAND

0.00

500.00

1,000.00

1,500.00

2,000.00

2,500.00

3,000.00

3,500.00

4,000.00

4,500.00

(00

0 T

on

ne

s)

Nutrient (000 Tones)

N

P2O5

K2O

NITROGEN

3476

3133 3206

2852

3182

2669

2462 2541

2362

2631

901

383

871

491 551

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

OFFTAKE LOCALPRODUCTION

IMPORT

(000 N. Tons)

PHOSPHATE (000 N. Tons)

860

766

633

746

875

403 423 431

473 467

522

244

291 274

408

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

OFFTAKE LOCALPRODUCTION

IMPORT

POTASH (000 N. Tons)

23

32

21 20

24

10

12

10 10 11

21

18

15

11

13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

OFFTAKE LOCALPRODUCTION

IMPORT

PESTICIDES

• Increase application of Insecticide due to Productivity Enhancement Intensification and Diversification, Weedicide Usage increased (Labor Shortage), No facility of manufacturing and only formulation , New Chemistry, Joint Ventures, Manufacturing facilities to satisfy Pakistan and neighboring countries needs

CH

ALLA

NG

E

PESTICIDES

• Initiatives to Increase production, GSP Plus advantage (Duty Free Imports by 28 EU Countries, Previous Rate: 8% (Cotton Fabric), Simplified Process of Registration for Products and Pesticides Manufacturing Units

OP

PER

TUN

ITIES

PESTICIDE CONSUMPTION

63 52 56

70

96 95

67 70

48

74 65

78

121

99

57

101

66 73

133

160

188

215

0

50

100

150

200

250

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Mill

ion

s

Pesticide Consumption Value (USD)

Value (USD)

Department of Plant Protection, Karachi, Pakistan

PESTICIDE IMPORT

23 20

25

43 43 38

42 46

61

48

70

78

130

105

44

94

39 41

74

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Tho

usa

nd

s

Pesticide Import (Tonnes)

Consumption

Department of Plant Protection, Karachi, Pakistan

ANTI-ADULTERATION CAMPAIGN

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Unfit Samples 79 109 145 169 159 227 175 158 191 367 548 305 180 281 204 303 70

Analyzed Samples 2682 3066 3460 3666 5327 5422 6548 5722 5473 6113 6481 4895 5614 8441 7933 8217 3878

No

. of

Sam

ple

s

Pesticide Sampling Report

PESTICIDES

• Under Current System all Exports from China to Middle Eastern and African Countries are Routed via Sea, This Export Channel Takes Days Ranging from 18-32 Days, Results in High Financial Cost, Time and Expense

EXP

OR

T OP

PER

TUN

ITIES

Current Export Channel

Dubai

PESTICIDES

China will be linked to Arabian Sea through Pakistan

Easy Connection to Central Asian Countries, Middle Eastern Countries, African Countries and Europe.

Benefits, Reducing Time Required to Reach Karachi (Pakistan) and Middle Eastern Countries by 10 Days.

This will provide Chinese Exporters a New Lucrative Market

The New Route

This New Route will Benefit Chinese Exporter through: Time Saving Cost Saving Access to Major

Agricultural Market

CHINA-PAKISTAN

PESTICIDES MANUFACTURING & EX-IMP

SEED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

MICRONUTRIENTS MANUFACTURING AND EX-IMP

MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS

JOINT VENTURES IN AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGIES

Thank You

谢谢您

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