Cell organisation

April 12, 2023 Nursyazwani binti Shawal

Cell organiZation in the human body

CHAPTER 2FORM 1


Introduction • Analogy – computer consists of various

components. Each components has special structure and shape that have been created to do certain functions.

• As well as the computers, the human body as made up of various types of cells. These cells are different in the form of shape and structure with differ functions.


Introduction

• What are the various types of cells that consists in our body?

• What is the function of each cell?• Different types of cell carry out different

function. • These cells have differ structures and

shapes to carry out specialized functions. • These cells are known as specialized cells.


Cheek cellFunction: To protect the inner

surface of cheek.


Muscle cellFunction: To contract and relax for

movement in the different parts of the body


Nerve cellFunction: Receive and transmit

nerve impulses (information) between the sensory organs, the brains and the rest of the body.


Red blood cellFunction: Transport oxygen in the

body.


White blood cellFunction: To protect the body from

invaded by microorganisms.


Reproductive cells

Function: Take part in fertilization to produce young for the next / new generations


Bone cellFunction: To support and protect the

internal organs.

Skin cellFunction: To prevent loss of water

from the body.

April 12, 2023

Cell Organization • The human body is organized in the

following way:

• The organization of cells in this way enables multicellular organisms to carry out various processes of life such as moving, breathing and reproduction.

Nursyazwani binti Shawal

Cell Tissue Organ System Organism


Cell • Each types of cell carry out a

specific function. • Different types of cells have different

structures, shapes and sizes. • Examples of cells:

Nerve cellMuscle cell Reproductive cell


Tissue • A group of similar cells that perform

the same function. • Example: - muscle tissue is made up of

muscle cells, and nervous tissue is made up of nerve cells.

• There are many types of tissues. These includes covering tissue or protective tissue, supporting tissue, connecting tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, etc.


Organs • Different tissues may be grouped

together to perform a particular kind of function. Such a group of tissues is called an organ.

• An organ consists of two or more types of tissues that performs a certain function.

• Each type of tissue in an organ helps the organ perform its function.

• Example: - the heart. Each type of tissue in the heart organ helps it to pump blood to all parts of the body. Ear, stomach, lung, brain


System • A few organs that work together

to perform a certain function. • Example: - digestive system,

reproductive system, excretory system, etc.

• These systems work together in harmony within an organism.


System System Organs in system

Muscular All types of muscles and tendons

Skeletal Bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments

Digestive Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestine, liver

Reproductive Testis, ovary


System System Organs in system

Respiratory Nose, trachea, lungs, bronchus, bronchioles, alveolus

Nervous Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Blood circulatory Heart, veins, arteries

Excretory Kidney, skin, liver, urinary bladder, lungs


Muscular System • Function:

Muscles contract and relax to move the body

• Organs:


Skeletal System • Function:

Supports the body and protects the internal organs


Digestive System • Function:

Breaks up food into simpler forms so that they are more easily absorbed by the body.


Respiratory System • Function:

Takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide and water vapour from the body.


Blood Circulatory System

• Function:

Transports digestive food, oxygen, carbon dioxide and excretory products in the body.


Nervous System • Function:

Responds to stimuli from the surroundings and sends impulses from one part of the body to another.


Excretory System • Function:

Removes waste such as urea from the body


Reproductive System

• Function:

Produce young for the next generation


Organism • Made up of many systems. • All systems work together to form an

organism.


Relationship between cells, tissues, organs and

systems• Let’s take a look at the reference book

together…

Technology

Cell organisation