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©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Routing and Switching 200-120 19 - Operating Cisco Routers
Operating Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Agenda
Installing Cisco Routers Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Installing Cisco Routers
when you buy a Cisco LAN switch, you can just plug in all the Ethernet cables, power on the switch, and by default, the switch works The Cisco routers used by companies require at least some configuration before the router will start routing IPv4 packets In particular, the router needs to be told what interfaces to use and what IP address to use on each of those interfaces Routers collectively provide the main feature of the network layer—the capability to forward packets end to end through a network
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Installing Enterprise Routers
A typical enterprise network has a few centralized sites as well as lots of smaller remote sites To support devices at each, the network includes at least one LAN switch at each site. Additionally, each site has a router, which connects to the LAN switch and to some WAN link. The WAN link provides connectivity from each remote site, back to the central site, and to other sites through the connection to the central site
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Installing Enterprise Routers
Generic Enterprise Network Diagram
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Installing Enterprise Routers
More Detailed Cabling Diagram for the Same Enterprise Network
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Cisco Integrated Services Routers
Product vendors, including Cisco, typically provide several different types of router hardware, including some routers that just do routing, with other routers that serve other functions in addition to routing.
Cisco has several router product series called Integrated Services Routers (ISR), with the name emphasizing the fact that many functions are integrated into a single device Router has modular slots that allow you to add small cards called WAN interface cards (WIC) that add other interfaces
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Cisco Integrated Services Routers
Photos of a Model 2901 Cisco Integrated Services Router (ISR)
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Physical Installation To install a router, follow these steps: Step 1. Connect any LAN cables to the LAN ports Step 2. If using an external CSU/DSU, connect the router’s serial interface to the CSU/DSU and the CSU/DSU to the line from the telco. Step 3. If using an internal CSU/DSU, connect the router’s serial interface to the line from the telco. Step 4. Connect the router’s console port to a PC (using a rollover cable), as needed, to configure the router. Step 5. Connect a power cable from a power outlet to the power port on the router. Step 6. Power on the router.
Note that the steps for router installation match those for a switch, except that Cisco enterprise routers typically have an on/off switch, while switches do not
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Installing Internet Access Routers
Routers play a key role in SOHO networks, connecting the LAN-attached end-user devices to a highspeed Internet access service After they are connected to the Internet, SOHO users can send packets to and from their enterprise network at their company or school
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
A SOHO Installation with a Separate Switch, Router, and Cable Modem
Devices in a SOHO Network with High-Speed CATV Internet
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
A SOHO Installation with a Separate Switch, Router, and Cable Modem
An Internet connection that uses CATV or digital subscriber line (DSL) needs a device that converts between the Layer 1 and 2 standards used on the CATV cable or DSL line and the Ethernet used by the router These devices, commonly called cable modems and DSL modems, respectively, convert electrical signals between an Ethernet cable and either CATV or DSL The purpose of the cable modem and DSL modem is similar to a CSU/DSU on a serial link A CSU/DSU converts between the Layer 1 standards used on a telco’s WAN circuit and a serial cable’s Layer 1 standards DSL modems convert between the DSL signals over a home telephone line and Ethernet
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
A SOHO Installation with an Integrated Switch, Router, and DSL Modem A single SOHO device today includes all of these functions:
Router Switch Cable or DSL modem Wireless access point Hardware-enabled encryption
Installing Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
A SOHO Installation with an Integrated Switch, Router, and DSL Modem
SOHO Network, Using Cable Internet and an Integrated Device
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
A quick informal count of a recent IOS version listed around 5000 CLI commands Many Cisco router and Cisco switch administrative features use the exact same commands. For example, the console, vty, and enable passwords all work the same
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Comparisons Between the Switch CLI and Router CLI
However, a couple of topics work differently with the router CLI as compared to the switch CLI, namely:
The configuration of IP addresses differs in some ways Routers have an auxiliary (Aux) port, intended to be connected to an external modem and phone line to allow remote users to dial in to the router, and access the CLI, by making a phone call
Cisco Layer 2 switches support the show mac address-table command, but these Layer 2–only devices do not support the show ip route command, which lists IP routes. Some Cisco routers can do IP routing but not Layer 2 switching, so they support the show ip route command but not the show mac address-table command.
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Router Interfaces
One minor difference between Cisco switches and routers is that routers support a much wider variety of interfaces Cisco routers use serial interfaces to connect to a serial link. Each point-to-point serial link can then use High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC, the default) or Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
The show ip interface brief displays a list with one line per interface, with some basic information, including the interface IP address and interface status The show interfaces command lists the interfaces, but with a large amount of information per interface
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Router Interfaces
Listing the Interfaces in a Router
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Router Interfaces
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Interface Status Codes
Interface Status Codes and Their Meanings
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Interface Status Codes
Typical Combinations of Interface Status Codes
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Router Interface IP Addresses
Most Cisco router interfaces default to a disabled (shutdown) state and should be enabled with the no shutdown interface subcommand Cisco routers do not route IP packets in or out an interface until an IP address and mask have been configured; by default, no interfaces have an IP address and mask Cisco routers attempt to route IP packets for any interfaces that are in an up/up state and that have an IP address/mask assigned. (Routers enable IPv4 routing by default due to a default ip routing global configuration command.)
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Router Interface IP Addresses
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Router Interface IP Addresses
Configuring IP Addresses on Cisco Routers
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Router Interface IP Addresses
Verifying IP Addresses on Cisco Routers
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Router Interface IP Addresses
Key Commands to List Router Interface Status
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces
WAN links can run at a wide variety of speeds To deal with the wide range of speeds, routers physically slave themselves to the speed as dictated by the CSU/DSU through a process called clocking As a result, routers can use serial links without the need for additional configuration or autonegotiation to sense the serial link’s speed The CSU/DSU knows the speed, the CSU/DSU sends clock pulses over the cable to the router, and the router reacts to the clocking signal To build a serial link in a home lab, the routers can use serial interface cards that normally use an external CSU/DSU, and make a serial link, without requiring the expense of two CSU/DSUs
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces
Serial Link in Lab
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces
Using the correct cabling works, as long as you add one command: the clock rate interface subcommand This command tells that router the speed at which to transmit bits on a serial link like The clock rate command is not needed on real serial links, because the CSU/DSU provides the clocking Without any real CSU/DSUs on the link, the router with the DCE cable must supply that clocking function, and the clock rate command tells the router to provide it
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces
Some versions of IOS will automatically implement a default clock rate 20000000 command on serial interfaces that have a DCE cable connected to them We can verify that router can use the clock rate command with the show controllers command. This command confirms that Router has a V.35 DCE cable connected The clock rate command does not allow just any speed to be configured. However, the list of speeds does vary from router to router
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces
Router R1 Configuration with the clock rate Command
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Router Auxiliary (Aux) Port
While both routers and switches have a console port to allow administrative access, routers have an extra physical port called an auxiliary (Aux) port The Aux port typically serves as a means to make a phone call to connect into the router to issue commands from the CLI The Aux port works like the console line, except that the Aux port is typically connected through a cable to an external analog modem, which in turn connects to a phone line. The engineer uses a PC, terminal emulator, and modem to call the remote router. Aux ports can be configured beginning with the line aux 0 command to reach aux line configuration mode
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Operational Status with the show version Command
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Operational Status with the show version Command
Command References
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Command References
Command References
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
Command References
Operating Cisco Routers
©2015 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com
References 1) Cisco Systems, Inc, www.cisco.com/ 2) Wendell Odom ,”Cisco CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide”, Cisco Press, USA, 2013