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The Civilian Conservation Corps in Massachusetts V2.06
Instructions:
•If you use this presentation, please let me know for tracking purposes: [email protected]
•Add local content where the slide “CCC in your Neighborhood” is located.
•In the slideshow view, use the logo to jump to the table of contents, and from there to other parts of the presentation.
In this version:
•January 20, 2006
•Updated to match DCR’s Graphic Standards Manual
The Civilian Conservation Corps in MassachusettsA legacy of stewardship
Department of Conservation and RecreationMassachusetts State Parks
Converging Crises, 1933
The Worst Year of the Great Depression
Converging Crises
Widespread disaster befell America’s natural resources
Flooding inundates many parts of the nation
Converging Crises
Widespread disaster befell America’s natural resources
Erosion plagues farmlands nationwide
DuststormConverging Crises
Widespread disaster befell America’s natural resources
Dust storms displaced soil, homes and people
Converging Crises
Widespread disaster befell America’s natural resources
People gave up on the land
Converging Crises
Widespread disaster befell America’s natural resources
Dust storms displace soil homes and people
USDA, NRCS
Converging Crises
Economic ruin struck every American differently
Rampant unemployment occurred overnight and peaked at 25% in 1933
Converging Crises
Economic ruin struck every American differently
Many men needed “the dole” to support their families
Converging Crises
Economic ruin struck every American differently
Hard choices
Converging Crises
Economic ruin struck every American differently
Apple sellers crowded New York and other cities’ sidewalks
New York, NY
Converging Crises
The nation demanded a change in leadership
In November, 1932, Americans voted for change
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Sweeping Change
A landslide victory led to landmark changes by an eager new president
In November 1932, Americans voted for Franklin D. Roosevelt
Sweeping Change
A landslide victory led to landmark changes by an eager new president
The first hundred days looked like “Alphabet Soup”
Roosevelt’s Tree Army
The CCC took shape in the mind and on the land
An early fireside chat on New Deal initiatives explains the CCC
“In creating this civilian conservation corps
we are killing two birds with one stone. We
are clearly enhancing the value of our natural
resources and at the same time, we are
relieving an appreciable amount of actual
distress.”
May 7, 1933
Roosevelt’s Tree Army
The CCC took shape in the mind and on the land
The project moved swiftly within the “First Hundred Days” of office.
March 4, 1933 FDR takes office as president
March 9, 1933 FDR introduces CCC program
to Congress
March 21, 1933 Congress gave permission to
pursue the program
March 27, 1933 Senate Bill S. 598 introduced
March 31, 1933 Congress passed the
enabling legislation
April 7, 1933 First enrollees signed up
July 1, 1933 250,000 men in program
Roosevelt’s Tree Army
The CCC took shape in the mind and on the land
The CCC was a model of innovation and partnership
Department Responsibility
Labor Recruitment and selection
War (Army, Navy) Camp management, logistics
Agriculture (USFS) Forestry focused projects on national, state, and private forests
Interior (NPS) Recreation focused projects on national, state, and local park lands
State & Local officials Working with federal officials on recruiting, work projects, and providing local expertise
Roosevelt’s Tree Army
The CCC took shape in the mind and on the land
Thousands of young men were eager to be a part of the Cs
Enrollees take the CCC Oath, 1940
New Deal Network, NARA
Enrollee issued uniforms, Oct. 1939
New Deal Network, NARA
Roosevelt’s Tree Army
The CCC took shape in the mind and on the land
A military appearance, but for a “tree army” of peace
S-71, 197 Co., Sandisfield State Forest, 1935
Roosevelt’s Tree Army
Camps became a regular part of the landscape
Camp organization met the needs of CCC enrollees and leaders
CCC camp distribution in Massachusetts 1933-1942
Roosevelt’s Tree Army
Camps became a regular part of the landscape
Roosevelt’s Tree Army
Camps became a regular part of the landscape
CCC camps nationwide, 1938
Roosevelt’s Tree Army
Was also known as
Roosevelt's Tree Army
Tree Troopers
Soil Soldiers
Johnny Pinecones
College of Colossal Calluses
SP-3, 1156 Co., Chicopee Metro Parks, c.1936
Life in the CCC
Through work and play, enrollees learned life-lasting skills
Work projects were the foundation of the Cs
6:00 Reveille
6:30 Calisthenics
6:45 Breakfast
8:00 Work
12:00 Lunch
1:00 Work
4:00 Back to Camp/ Recreation Time
6:00 Dinner
7:00 Classes
10:00 Lights Out
11:00 Bed Check
Life in the CCC
Work projects were the foundation of the Cs
Life in the CCC
Work projects were the foundation of the Cs
Types of work done in Massachusetts
Camp Construction
Road Building
Forestry
Fire Hazard Reduction
Pest Control
Wildlife Management
Recreational Development
Emergency Assistance
Work in the CCC
Camp Construction
Early tent camps
SP-7, 107 Co., Savoy Mt. State Forest, summer 1933
Work in the CCC
Camp Construction
Fall 1933, camps transition from tents to wooden barracks
New Deal Network, NARA
Cook Trail, Spencer State Forest
Work in the CCC
Road Building
Access to forest interior
Otter River State Forest
Forestry
Silviculture
Work in the CCC
Freetown State Forest
Work in the CCC
Fire Hazard Reduction
Water holes for fire suppression
113 Co, S-64, Chester State Forest
Work in the CCC
Fire Suppression
Forest Fire Fighting
Buggin’ in Spencer State Forest
Insect Pest Control
Gypsy moth control
Work in the CCC
Stearns Pond, Harold Parker State Forest
Wildlife Management
Fish Breeding Ponds
Work in the CCC
Work in the CCC
RecreationalDevelopment
Rustic paths, trails,benches and footbridges
Boulder Park, Chester State Forest, 1936
Work in the CCC
RecreationalDevelopment
Swimming facilities
Boulder Park Pool, Chester State Forest, 1936
Work in the CCC
Emergency Assistance
March 1936 floods
Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division, FSA-OWI, Digital ID: fsa 8a20644
Merrimack River, Lowell
SP-30, 127 Co., Warwick State Forest
Emergency Assistance
Post-1938 hurricane timber salvage and hazard reduction in central MA
Work in the CCC
Life in the CCC
Through work and play, enrollees learned life-lasting skills
Recreation was an important part of the CCC experience
6:00 Reveille
6:30 Calisthenics
6:45 Breakfast
8:00 Off to Work
12:00 Lunch
1:00 Work
4:00 Back to Camp for
Recreation
6:00 Dinner
7:00 Classes
10:00 Lights Out
11:00 Bed Check
Unidentified location, Massachusetts
Life in the CCC
Recreation was an important part of the CCC experience
Playing Sports
S-63, 167 Co., Otter River State Forest, 1940
Life in the CCC
Recreation was an important part of the CCC experience
Playing sports
S-74, 128 Co., Peru State Forest, c.1934
Life in the CCC
Recreation was an important part of the CCC experience
Playing music
S-82, 1138 Co. Townsend State Forest, c.1937
Life in the CCC
Recreation was an important part of the CCC experience
Playing in the recreation hall
Beartown State Forest, MA
Life in the CCC
Recreation was an important part of the CCC experience
Just playing around
Life in the CCC
Through work and play, enrollees learned life-lasting skills
Part of the CCC was to provide young men with basic needs
6:00 Reveille
6:30 Calisthenics
6:45 Breakfast
8:00 Off to Work
12:00 Lunch
1:00 Work
4:00 Back to Camp/ Recreation Time
6:00 Dinner
7:00 Classes
10:00 Lights Out
11:00 Bed Check
Harold Parker State Forest
Life in the CCC
Breakfast
Feeding the workers
Life in the CCC
Through work and play, enrollees learned life-lasting skills
The CCC provided formal opportunities for an education
6:00 Reveille
6:30 Calisthenics
6:45 Breakfast
8:00 Off to Work
12:00 Lunch
1:00 Work
4:00 Back to Camp/ Recreation Time
6:00 Dinner
7:00 Classes10:00 Lights Out
11:00 Bed Check
4411 Company, Watsonville, CA
Life in the CCC
The CCC provided formal opportunities for an education
Horticulture
Life in the CCC
The CCC Provided formal opportunities for an education
Drafting
SP-13, 197 Co., Leominster State Forest
Homerville, GA
Life in the CCC
The CCC provided formal opportunities for an education
Photography
Life in the CCC
The CCC provided formal opportunities for an education
Radio Skills
S-60, 135 Co., Brimfield State Forest
Life in the CCC
The CCC provided formal opportunities for an education
Mechanics
Life in the CCC
Cooking & Baking School
1951 and 2950 Companies, Lompoc, CA
The CCC provided formal opportunities for an education
Life in the CCC
The CCC provided formal opportunities for an education
Reading, writing, arithmetic
Life in the CCC
The CCC provided formal opportunities for an education
Reading, writing, arithmetic
Life in the CCC
Through work and play, enrollees learned life-lasting skills
Guaranteed work, a chance to learn, meals, and a safe home
6:00 Reveille
6:30 Calisthenics
6:45 Breakfast
8:00 Off to Work
12:00 Lunch
1:00 Work
4:00 Back to Camp/ Recreation Time
6:00 Dinner
7:00 Classes
10:00 Lights Out
11:00 Bed Check
The Legacy of the CCC
Evening serenade
Closing the last camp
By 1942, the CCC played its farewell tune, as was no longer needed as an emergency relief program
The Legacy of the CCC
Nation-wide accomplishments
1933-1942
3,463,766 men enrolled in all 50 states including Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (250,000 enrollees in first 3 months of 1933)
5% of total US male population employed in CCC (1 in 25)
7,135,000 conservation work-related days
3 million+ acres developed for park use in 854 state parks (711 were new parks)
12 pounds average weight gain of per enrollee
$2 billion estimated value of work ($21.8 billion, 2002)
$3 billion cost of CCC program ($32.7 billion, 2002)
12-15 million people benefited from enrollees checks
$663 million allotments to dependents ($7.2 billion, 2002)
Cohen, Stan, The Tree Army: A Pictorial History of the Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933-1942, Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., Missoula, MT, 1960.
The Legacy of the CCC
Roads, Myles Standish State Forest
Impacts on Massachusetts’ land
Fearing Pond Campfire, Myles Standish State Forest
The Legacy of the CCC
Impacts on Massachusetts’ land
Eliot Tower, Blue Hills Reservation
The Legacy of the CCC
Impacts on Massachusetts’ land
Former administration building, Mohawk Trail State Forest
The Legacy of the CCC
Impacts on Massachusetts’ land
Bog Pond Dam, Savoy Mt. State Forest
The Legacy of the CCC
Impacts on Massachusetts’ land
Berry Pond Circuit Road, Pittsfield State Forest
The Legacy of the CCC
Impacts on Massachusetts’ land
Rent (avg./month) $18
Bread 7 cents/loaf
Eggs 18 cents/dozen
Peanut Butter 23 cents/quart
Soup 10 cents/can
Bacon 38 cents/lb.
Toilet Paper 9 cents/2 rolls
Gasoline 10 cents/gallon
Woman’s winter coat $15
The Legacy of the CCC
Impacts on the people
What could $25 do for a family?
CCC Day at State House, 2007
The Legacy of the CCC
Impacts on the people
Honoring CCC alumni
The CCC Legacy
CCC commemorative plaque, Wendell State Forest
The Legacy of the CCC
Impacts on the people
The CCC Legacy
Public Stewardship
A community spirit of contribution to society and the environment in which we live.
The Civilian Conservation Corps in Massachusetts V2.06
Instructions:
•If you use this presentation, please let me know for tracking purposes: [email protected]
•Add local content where the slide “CCC in your Neighborhood” is located.
•In the slideshow view, use the logo to jump to the table of contents, and from there to other parts of the presentation.
In this version:
•January 20, 2006
•Updated to match DCR’s Graphic Standards Manual
The Civilian Conservation Corps in MassachusettsA legacy of stewardship
Department of Conservation and RecreationMassachusetts State Parks
