Presented by: Samra Iqbal, Tehreem Ifzal & Sumera Yasmeen

University of the Punjab Department of English Language &

Literature

PHRASE

phrasesKey concepts

Definition of PhraseNoun PhraseAdverb PhraseVerb phraseAdjective PhrasePrepositional Phrase

The Main Phrase Structure Rules

1. S NP VP

2. NP (Det) (AP) N (PP)

3. VP (Aux) V (NP)

4. PP (Deg) P (NP)

DEFINITION OF PHRASE

A group of words that does not contain verb and its subject and used as a single part of speech.

Examples: That shelf will fall. The success of the program The glass broke.

TREE DIAGRAM (Phrase)

S

NP VP

Det N V The glass broke

Example of Phrase TreePlay with the toy VP

V

play

NP

the

Det N

toy

PP

P

with

NOUN PHRASE

It consists of a noun and any modifier it may have a noun clause or a word such as pronoun that takes the place of a noun .

Its abbreviation is NP

NOUN PHRASE

TREE DIAGRAME (Noun phrase) NP

N PP

Det N P Det N The success of the program

Adverb and adverb phrase

ADVERB PHRASEAn adverb phrase can modify a verb ,

adjective and another adverb .It can appear in a number of different position in a sentence.

Its abbreviation is Adv P

For Example Ken snores loudlyHere loudly is adverb and it modifies the verb snores

Tree diagram (Adverb Phrase) S Adv P NP VP Det N V NP

Det N

unfortunately the cat killed the mouse

VERB PHRASE

VERB PHRASE • A verb phrase is a verb of more than one word. It includes one

or more helping (or auxiliary) verbs and one main verb. The main verb expresses the chief idea in the verb phrase and Helping verb (or auxiliary) verb, which is placed in front of a main verb ,help it to express differ ideas.

• Its abbreviation is VP

FOR EXAMPLE

Can see (helping verb can + main verb see) Would have sent (helping verb would + have + main verb send)

TREE DIAGRAM (verb phrase)

Move towards the window

V

VP

NP

Prep

NDet

PP

ADJECTIVE PHRASE

ADJECTIVE PHRASE A group of words including an adjective and

its complements or modifiers that functions as an adjective. Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, giving a description or more information.

Its abbreviation is Adj P

Tree Structure ( Adjective Phrase)

He likes raw vegetables and meat.

V

S

NP

Adj ConjN NN

NP VP

He likes Raw vegetables& raw meat … yuck!

Prepositional phrase

Definition: In a sentence prepositions show the relation of

one word to another word. Prepositions require an object to complete them, typically a noun or a pronoun. A preposition and its object is called a prepositional phrase.

Example:

over the hillbehind the doorat Mary's house

John could hear her sister snoring across the room.

Tree Structure of Prepositional Phrase

They arrested the suspect in the hotel.

Det

NP

Det NN

NP

VP

PrepN V

NP

PP

S