California: Part 2Kristen Cox History 141

New World: Geology and Conservation

Geology 1847 Yale founded Sheffield Scientific

School, brought talented geologist to California

California Academy of Sciences, goal to survey state and collect rare and rich productions

Geological Survey, measuring heights and land formations

Mining, brought about invention of the Pelton turbine Lester Pelton 1880 patent water turbine,

multiplied power of running water Premise for hydro electrical generation

Conservation Transfer of Yosemite Valley to federal

jurisdiction 1890 Advocated creation of national park system

New World: Technology

Electronics Transcontinental phone calls, radio,

television, and high speed electrons Semiconductor- replace vacuum tube

with nonmetallic solid material Bardeen and Brattain used crystal

germanium William Shockley, Palo Alto, 1956

founded Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory

Goal to produce silicone transistor

Intel Corporation, invented microchip processor intelligence programmed via software

Jobs and Wozniak Mission make computers available

to millions of Americans Apple I prototype

Biotechnological research 40% in the US within California

Lewrence Laboratory at Berkley, epicenter for futher nuclear research. 7 won nobel prizes.

New World: Fight and Astronomy

Flight- metaphor of the dream of California James Montgomery, experiments heavier-than-air air glider August 1883 altitude of fifteen feet, glided for six hundred feet,

and safely landed Wright brothers heavier-than-air craft December 17, 1903 in North

Carolina California capitalize on invention January 1910, Los Angeles County Chamber of Commerce, air

show Right climate, engineering, technology, entrepreneurial sprit

and capital Names associated with aviation in California synonymous with

flight itself Astronomy- penetration of space

James Lick, died October 1876, left funs to build observatory for most powerful telescope on the planet The Lick Observatory, mount Hamilton Santa Clara County Turned over to University of California

The Hooker telescope, Pasadena December 1908, increased observable universe by 300 percent

George Ellery Hale, 200 inch disk upgrade of Throop Polytechnic Institute into a first rate center of scientific research

An Imagined Place: Film and Literature

Film Industrialization of film production in Hollywood in the 1920’s

Reliably good weather, distance from subpoena servers with suits against producers not willing to pay what they thought was fair for licensing and reel footage fees

Americans caught glimpses of life in California Mid 30s takeover of Germany by National Socialism

Mass emigration of talented Europeans Southern California provided opportunities for employment in the film industry,

climate, and distance from conflict Cold War, testimonies naming produced blacklist of members of the Communist Party

High point of social commentary, dark, drama, political tensions, race, class, mistrust of separated men and women, and distrust of government sending soldiers to war

Writing, inspiration of 1940s film, with detective stories, preoccupation with California themes of nature, naturalism, and bohemia with added politicized community resistance Simplistic relationship to nature, urban matters, with solipsistic drama of self against

society California as a emotionally empty place, bleakness, disconnect, fake promise of youth,

impending doom The Beats of 1950- anguish of postwar generation oppressed by materialism, refuge in

sex, drugs, and rebellion

An Imagined Place: Painting, Photography, and Architecture

Painting 1920’s Landscapes in Postimpressionist style Social Realism to California brought by the

depression Daily life, backyard bbq, suburbia, Sunday

afternoon 1930’s popularity of mural, capacity for political

statement Expressive and figurative paintings flourished in

1940s Photography, Depression brought true photographic

realism. Attention turned to social turmoil Architecture

Arts and crafts inspired style first two decades Modernism appeared pre-World War I era, clean

lines, surfaces, minimalist presentation Characterize high end architecture

1950s postwar building boom, domestic tradition, California Ranch style

An Imagined Place: Music and the Outdoors

Music- shirt from conservative to the avant-garde Sound in motion pictures, composers 1930s,

took musical modernism to new heights Jazz orchestra, progressive modes

Fusing of pop and modernism Intensification of country music with the migration

from Dust Bowl states during the depression Outdoor life

Middle class Californians opportunity to recreation typically for upper class

San Francisco Bay Area 1860s, German immigrants founded Olympic Club

Swimming, free public surf, rough water swimming, swimming and boating clubs California 1907 Anglo-Hawaiian brought

surfing Affordable. Widespread, became icon of

the California lifestyle Baseball in California flourished in 1859 Mountaineering, skiing, rock climbing, windsurfing

and hang gliding

Forging a World Society

Gold rush “world rushed in” nearly every country sent people to California, diversity

California founded on racial distinctions and repression Disenfranchisement of blacks and Asians Aggression against Mexican land titles Lynching and Chinese must go crusade Anti Japanese “white California” segregation of

school children, barring from land ownership, incarceration of Japanese Americans during WWI

White “okies”, ethnic prejudice, despised in physical selves, slack-jawed and incestuous

LA emerged as one of most important centers of Jewish civilization Anti-Semitism swept California between WWI

and WWII Early 1900 SF more foreign born residents relative to

population than any other city in US Korean immigrants, second influx of Mexicans,

Filipinos, Japanese, Sikhs Armenians, fleeing Ottoman Turkish persecution WWII more African Americans to California to work

Forging a World Society

1965 Immigration and Nationality Acts- reforming immigration laws Excluded groups now equal immigrations,

favored reuniting families Refugees from Southeast Asia and

Bangladesh Racial, ethnic, and religious covenants of

exclusion in real estate Continuing divide between blacks and whites

Watts riots of 1965 Los Angeles riots of 1992 O.J. Simpson trial of 1995

Illegal Immigration 1993 ranked one of three major problems in

California; along with crime and the economy, both related to that issue

“Save Our State” Prop 187, November 1994, withdrawal of public support for undocumented Californians Passed but never implemented, states

cant regulate immigration Create opinion, call to focus, illegals

costing great deal of money

Forging a World Society

Affirmative action Keeping Asian 4.0 gpa from top UC and

admitting 3.0 gpa African American or Latino

1998 race and gender based preferences at UC ended

California Civil Rights Initiative, Prop 209, November 1996, outlawing affirmative action

1998 Prop 227 disestablishment of California bilingual education program, replaced with one year immersion in English language proficiency

Economy of California reliant on undocumented workers

Gov. Davis bill authorizing issuance of drivers licenses to undocumented workers Struck opposition, repealed once

Schwarzenegger became governor Californians becoming more like each

other. Common culture of California