CA IDMS Database Navigation

World®’16

CAIDMS™DatabaseNavigation

JohnSiraco,Director,SoftwareEngineeringCATechnologies

MFX72E

MAINFRAMEANDWORKLOADAUTOMATION

2 ©2016CA.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.@CAWORLD#CAWORLD

Abstract

TheCAIDMSDatabaseNavigationcoursefocusesonthecharacteristicsofaCAIDMSdatabaseandtheeffectsofprogramminginthatenvironment.Youwilllearnhowtonavigatethroughanetworkdatabaseenvironmentusingdatastructuresandcurrencyratherthancomplexprogrammingsyntax.YouwillalsolearntohowtousenavigationalDMLstatements.

JohnSiraco

CATechnologiesDirector,SoftwareEngineering


Agenda

INTRODUCTIONTOCAIDMS/DB

DATARELATIONSHIPS

CURRENCY

DATASTORAGE

SETSTRUCTURES

DATASTRUCTUREDIAGRAM

1

2

3

4

5

6


Agendacontinued

PREPARINGFORDATABASEACCESS

VERIFYINGDATABASEACCESSRESULTS

RETRIEVINGDATA

UPDATINGDATA

PROTECTINGDATAINTEGRITY

7

8

9

10

11


IntroductiontoCAIDMS/DB


CharacteristicsofCAIDMS/DB

§ CAIDMSisusedfor:– Centralizingdata– Controllingthecorporateinformationenvironment– ManagingCommunications– Developingapplications


CentralizingData


ControlsandDocumentstheEnvironment


ManagingCommunications


DevelopingApplications

§ Menuandsyntaxdriventools

§ DataManipulationLanguage(DML)

§ Reportgenerators

§ Fourth-generation(4GL)languagesanddevelopmenttools

§ SQL


BasicCAIDMSTerminology

Schema LogicalDefinition

Subschema LogicalDefinition

DMCL PhysicalDefinition

Complete description ofthe database

Complete or partialdescription of thedatabaseRestrictions

File description of thedatabaseBuffer definitionJournal definition

Source code only Source code and loadmodule

Source code and loadmodule

Not used at run time Used at run time Used at run time

Typically one perdatabase

Unlimited number perdatabase

Unlimited number perdatabase


DataStructureDiagram


DatabaseAccessTechniques

§ SQL

§ Navigational– DataManipulationLanguage– DML

§ Non-navigational– LogicalRecordFacility- LRF


DataRelationships


RecordTypeandRecordOccurrence

§ EmployeeRecord

1234 John Doe 123OakTerraceMadRiverOH123456666516-222-3232 0 012-34-5678

5253 June Moon 18BalliolStCambridgeMA021235555617-222-2121 0 098-76-5432


SQLTerminology

Logical/physicaldesignterminology

SQLterminology

Non-SQLterminology

Entity Table Record-typeEntityOccurrence

Row RecordOccurrence

Data element Column Field element


RelationshipsBetweenRecords


ImplementingRelationshipsBetweenRecords

§ Foreignkeys

§ Sets


ImplementingaOne-To-OneRelationshipWithaForeignKey


ImplementingaOne-To-ManyRelationshipWithaForeignKey


ImplementingaMany-To-ManyRelationshipWithaForeignKey


SetTypeandSetOccurrence


ImplementingaMany-To-ManyRelationshipWithSets


ImplementingaMany-To-ManyNestedRelationshipWithSets


DataStorage


DataStorageOverview


DatabaseAreaAssignment


DatabasePage


DatabaseKeys


LocationModes


UsingaUniqueKeyasCALCKey


UsingNonuniqueKeyasCALCKey


VIALocationMode


RecordsStoredVIAinaDifferentArea


RecordsStoredDIRECTinanArea


RecordsStoredDIRECTRelatedbySet


SetStructures


ChainedSets


IndexedSets

§ System-owned

§ User-owned


System-ownedIndexedSet


User-ownedIndexedSet


ChainedSetPointers


ChainedSetPointers(cont.)


System-ownedIndexedSetPointers


User-ownedIndexedSetPointers


OrderOptions


SetMembershipOptions


ConnectOptions


DisconnectOptions


DataStructureDiagram


RecordComponents


ForeignKeyRepresentation


SetRepresentation


Currency


HowtheDBMSUsesCurrencytoWalkaSet

5


HowtheDBMSUsesCurrencytoSweepanArea


CategoriesofCurrencyRUN UNIT 1002:3 RECORD

EMPLOYEE 1002:1 DEPARTMENT 4001:4 EXPERTISE 1002:3

.

.

. SET

DEPT-EMPLOYEE CURRENT 1002:1 NEXT 1000:1 PRIOR 1040:1 OWNER 4001:4

EMP-EXPERTISE CURRENT 1002:3 NEXT 1002:5 PRIOR 1002:1 OWNER 1002:1 . . .

AREA EMP-DEMO-REGION 1002:3 ORG-DEMO-REGION 4001:4

.

.

.


TrackingCurrencyChanges


TrackingCurrencyChanges(cont.)

JOB-EMPOSITION


HowDMLVerbsUseandUpdateCurrency


HowDMLVerbsUseandUpdateCurrency(cont.)


HowDMLVerbsUseandUpdateCurrency(cont.)


PreparingforDatabaseAccess


DBMSRequirementsforDatabaseAccess


HostLanguageProgramRequirements

§ ConversionofDMLrequests– Inthebatchenvironment

§ COBOL§ PL/I§ Assembler

– Intheonlineenvironment§ COBOL§ PL/I§ Assembler

§ Run-timeexecutionoftheprogram


ConvertingDMLRequests

§ Compiler-directivestatementsidentify:– Theoperatingmode– Thesubschemaandschemanames– Recorddescriptions

§ InputtotheDMLPrecompiler– Hostlanguageprogram– Informationfromthedatadictionary

§ OutputfromtheDMLprecompiler– Errorlisting– Hostlanguageprogram


CompilingaCAIDMSProgram


DMLErrorMessages

§ I(Informational)

§ W(Warning)

§ E(Error)

§ F(Fatal)

§ T(Terminal)


COBOLProgramRequirementsforDatabaseAccess


COBOLProgramRequirementsforDatabaseAccess(cont.)


IdentifyingtheOperatingMode


IdentifyingtheSubschemaandSchema


IncludingRecordDescriptionsAutomatically


IncludingRecordDescriptionsManually


IDMSSubschemaDescriptionsSUBSCHEMA-DESCRIPTION

SUBSCHEMA-CONTROL

SUBSCHEMA-CTRL

SUBSCHEMA-NAMES

SUBSCHEMA-SSNAME

SUBSCHEMA-RECNAME

SUBSCHEMA-SETNAME

SUBSCHEMA-AREANAME

SUBSCHEMA-RECORDS


WhatisaRunUnit?


BindRun-Unit


IdentifyingtheLocationofRecordsinVariableStorage


IdentifyingDatabaseAreasforAccess


AreaUsageModes


EndingaRunUnit


VerifyingDatabaseAccessResults


GeneralCodingConsiderations


IDMSCommunicationsBlock(SUBSCHEMA-CTRL)

§ ProgramVariableStorage§ 01 SUBSCHEMA-CTRL.

– 03 PROGRAM-NAME

– 03 ERROR-STATUS

– 03 DBKEY

– 03 RECORD-NAME

– 03 AREA-NAME

– 03 ERROR-SET

– 03 ERROR-RECORD

– 03 ERROR-AREA

– 03 IDBMSCOM-AREA

– 03 DIRECT-DBKEY

– 03 DATABASE-STATUS

– 03 RECORD-OCCUR

– 03 DML-SEQUENCE


Error-Status

Majorcode

Minorcode

FIND/OBTAIN 03 26 Record not found

FIND/OBTAIN 03 07 End of set, area, or index

READY 09 66 Area not available forrequested usage mode

STORE 12 05 Storage would violateduplicates not allowed (DN)


IDMS-STATUS(BATCH)


IDMS-STATUS(BATCH)


StepsRequiredWithandWithoutAUTOSTATUS

§ WithAUTOSTATUS– Use“ON”clauseinDMLstatement– IncludeIDMS-STATUSinprogram

§ WithoutAUTOSTATUS– Use“IF”testafterDMLstatement– PerformIDMS-STATUSaftereachDMLstatement– IncludeIDMS-STATUSinprogram


SampleCOBOLCodeUsingAUTOSTATUS


SampleCOBOLWithoutUsingAUTOSTATUS


RetrievingData


DatabaseRetrieval

§ FIND

§ GET

§ OBTAIN

§ RETURN


DatabaseRetrievalUsingOBTAIN


DatabaseRetrievalUsingRETURN


EnteringtheDatabaseAREA CALC

All Record Types CALC location moderecords

Physical Position Randomizing algorithm

First, last, or Nth ofparticular record type orall records in area

Symbolic key value forrecord occurrence

INDEX DB-KEYRecord types within asystem-owned record

All record types

Symbolic key value forrecord occurrence

Any database recordoccurrence

First, last or Nth record inindex

Direct location mode orpreviously accessed inearlier run unit with DB-keypassed to run unit


RetrievingCALCRecords

§ RetrievalbyCALCkeyinvolves

– Fieldinitialization:MovetheCALC-keyvaluetotheCALC-keyfield

– Currencyused:None– Commonnonzerostatuscodes:0326(DB-REC-

NOT-FOUND)






PerforminganAreaSweep


PerforminganAreaSweep

§ Currencyused:Area

§ Commonnonzerostatuscodes:0307(DB-END-OF-SET)


AreaSweep


RetrievingRecordsinaChainedSet

§ Retrievalofmembersofachainedsetinvolves:

– Currencyused:Currentofset– Currencyupdated:

§ Aftersuccessfulexecution:All§ Onend-of-setcondition:Theownerbecomescurrentofrununit,record,area,andonlythesetbeing


WaystoWalkaSet


EndofSetCondition


IFEMPTYTestMOVEIN-DEPT-IDTODEPT-ID-0410.OBTAINCALCDEPARTMENT

ONDB-REC-NOT-FOUNDPERFORMDEPT-NOT-ON-DBGOTOREADNEXTDEPT.

IFDEPT-EMPLOYEEEMPTYPERFORM900-NO-EMP-MSGELSEPERFORM350-DEPT-EMP-WALKTHRU350-EXITUNTILSET-END-SW=“Y”..350-DEPT-EMP-WALK.

OBTAINNEXTEMPLOYEEWITHINDEPT-EMPLOYEE.ONDB-END-OF-SET

MOVE“Y”TOSET-END-SW.


AccessingMultipleMemberSets§ Youcanaccessoccurrencesofasinglerecord

type:

– Currencyused:Currentofset– Commonnonzerostatuscodes:0307(DB-END-OF-

SET)


AccessingMultipleMemberSets§ Youcanaccessoccurrencesofallrecord

types


AccessingMultipleMemberSets

§ Currencyused:Currentofset

§ Commonnonzerostatuscodes:0307(DB-END-OF-SET)


WalkingMultipleMemberSets


OwnerRetrievalinOtherThanMandatoryAutomaticSets


OwnerRetrievalinOtherThanMandatoryAutomaticSets


ReestablishingCurrency


ReestablishingCurrency


NavigatingSortedSets


PerformingGenericKeySearches


NoncontiguousSortKeys


UsingRETURNtoEstablishIndexSetCurrency


UpdatingData


StoringRecords


ConnectingaRecordtoaSet


DisconnectingaRecordfromaSet


ModifyingDatabaseRecords


ErasingDatabaseRecords-BasicERASE


VariationsoftheERASEStatement

§ ERASEPERMANENT

§ ERASESELECTIVE

§ ERASEALL


QualifiedERASE


UpdatingData


DataIntegrityConcerns


CentralVersionandLocalMode


AreaLocks


PotentialforConcurrentUpdate


RecordLocks


ImplicitRecordLocks


ImplicitRecordLocks


ImplicitRecordLocks


AdditionalImplicitExclusiveLocks


ExplicitRecordLocks


ExplicitRecordLocks


ExplicitRecordLocks


RecoveryFromProgramorSystemFailure


Journals

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Technology

CA IDMS Database Navigation