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Business Cycle Business Cycle-Martin Thomas The term business cycle is referred to the recurrent ups and downs in the level of economic activity that extend over a period of time. The business fluctuations occur in aggregate variable such as national income, employment and price level. Business cycle is also called as “Trade Cycle”

Business cycle Managerial Economics

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Page 1: Business cycle Managerial Economics

Business Cycle

Business Cycle-Martin Thomas

The term business cycle is referred to the recurrent ups and downs in the level of economic activity that extend over a period of time. The business fluctuations occur in aggregate variable such as national income, employment and price level.

Business cycle is also called as “Trade Cycle”

Page 2: Business cycle Managerial Economics

4 Phases of Business Cycle

Prosperity Phase : Expansion or Boom or Upswing of economy.

Recession Phase : from prosperity to recession (upper turning point).

Depression Phase : Contraction or Downswing of economy.

Recovery Phase : from depression to prosperity (lower turning Point).

Business Cycle-Martin Thomas

Page 3: Business cycle Managerial Economics

Prosperity: Expansion & Peak

Business Cycle-Martin Thomas

When there is an expansion of output, income, employment, prices and profits, there is also a rise in the standard of living. This period is termed as Prosperity phase.

Rise in the national output & trade Rise in consumer and capital expenditure Rise in the Price of raw materials and

finished goods Rise in the level of income & employment

Fig.1

Page 4: Business cycle Managerial Economics

Recession & Turning Point

Business Cycle-Martin Thomas

During a recession period, the economic activities slow down. When demand starts falling, the overproduction and future investment plans are also given up. There is a steady decline in the output, income, employment, prices and profits.

Page 5: Business cycle Managerial Economics

Depression & Trough

Business Cycle-Martin Thomas

When there is a continuous decrease of output, income, employment, prices and profits, there is a fall in the standard of living and depression sets in. During the phase of Depression:

The growth rate become negative The level of national income and expenditure

declines Price of consumer and capital goods decline Workers lose their job

Page 6: Business cycle Managerial Economics

Recovery Phase

Business Cycle-Martin Thomas

As the recovery gathers momentum, some firms plan additional investment; some undertake renovation programmes, and some undertake both. These activities generate construction activities in both consumer & capital goods sector. As a result more employment is generated and wage rates moving upward.

Page 7: Business cycle Managerial Economics

Business Cycle-Martin Thomas

TROUGH

Fig.2

Page 8: Business cycle Managerial Economics

Business Cycle-Martin Thomas

Fig.3

Page 9: Business cycle Managerial Economics

Business Cycle-Martin Thomas

Thank you…