Bus Rapid Transit + Transit Oriented Development = BRT-OD?!

Transforming Transportation 2014!

!   Presented at Transforming Transportation 2014!

!   Eric Vergel-Tovar!!   University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill!

Bus Rapid Transit BRT

Transit oriented development TOD

= BRT-OD?

+

© IPPUC (2011)

TRANSFORMING TRANSPORTATION 2014 Session: Future Leaders in Sustainable Transportation Erik Vergel-Tovar - PhD student UNC-CH Research Fellow EMBARQ India

Asia emerging leader on BRT

Latin America world leader on BRT…

1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s © www.brtdata.org (2014)

8,165,822 passengers per day

19,542,283 passengers per day

33%

53%

49 BRT

85 BRT

20 BRT 7 BRT 7 BRT

Latin America

Asia

Europe/North America/Africa/Oceania

Source: Bud Rapid transit: a review of recent advances (Lloyd Wright, 2012)

New view of transit capacity

3,000 6,000 12,000 25,000 45,000

Passengers / hour direction

Bus

Bus Rapid Transit – BRT

Metro LRT

© Vergel (2011)

Source:  Vergel  (2011)  

CURITIBA Brazil 1974

QUITO Ecuador 1996

BOGOTA Colombia 2000

Ahmedabad India 2009

© Vergel (2011)

© Vergel (2011) © Vergel (2011)

© Vergel (2013)

© Latheef (2013)

Indore India 2013

Transit Oriented Development

TOD

Arlington – Virginia USA Source: http://sites.arlingtonva.us/rosslynsector/about/planning-in-arlington/

Transit Oriented Development

TOD Curitiba – Brazil

© IPPUC (2011)

LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION

INTEGRATION? © Vergel (2012)

METHODOLOGY

© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)

Bogota  Quito  

Guayaquil  

Goiânia  

Sao  Paulo  

Curi=ba  

Segment

BRT Stop (buffer area)

© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)

Block

BRT Stop Jardim Botanico Curitiba (Brazil)

© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)

X1……...X38

O1 . . . . . . . . O82

Data matrix

X1……...X38 O1 . . . . . . . . O82

Data matrix

F1...Fk

METHODS FACTOR ANALYSIS Built

Environment FACTORS

Built Environment raw variables

•  Land Use •  Building Heights •  Density •  Development •  Building heights •  Public Space •  Housing •  Parking •  Sidewalks

Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5 Factor 6 Factor 7 Factor 8 Factor 9

India Latin

America

© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)

METHODS CLUSTER ANALYSIS

© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)

BRT CORRIDOR BRT CORRIDOR

BRT CORRIDOR BRT CORRIDOR

BRT STOP

Type 1

BRT STOP

Type 2

BRT STOP

Type 3

BRT STOP

Type 4

BRT STOP TYPOLOGY CONCEPT

BRT TYPOLOGY LATIN AMERICA 1 (n=17) 2 (n=1) 3 (n=7) 4 (n=12) 5 (n=2)

6 (n=11) 7 (n=5) 8 (n=16) 9 (n=5) 10 (n=5)

 

MeanFactor1 -0.29Factor2 -0.46Factor4 -0.58Factor5 0.70Institutional 0.71BRTO land use -0.81Pop density -0.15

MeanFactor1 1.87Factor2 -2.41Factor4 -0.82Factor5 0.01Institutional 4.63BRTO land use -1.20Pop density -0.31

MeanFactor1 0.23Factor2 -0.25Factor4 0.06Factor5 -0.46Institutional -0.46BRTO land use -0.62Pop density 0.73

MeanFactor1 0.15Factor2 0.17Factor4 0.06Factor5 0.24Institutional -0.58BRTO land use -0.33Pop density 0.33

MeanFactor1 4.57Factor2 0.52Factor4 -0.16Factor5 0.33Institutional -0.26BRTO land use -0.48Pop density 2.53

MeanFactor1 -0.39Factor2 -0.55Factor4 -0.39Factor5 -0.50Institutional -0.72BRTO land use -0.07Pop density -0.76

MeanFactor1 -0.62Factor2 -1.05Factor4 -0.77Factor5 -0.52Institutional -0.52BRTO land use 0.50Pop density -0.84

MeanFactor1 -0.08Factor2 0.84Factor4 0.46Factor5 0.54Institutional 0.17BRTO land use 1.29Pop density -0.16

MeanFactor1 0.10Factor2 1.63Factor4 -0.40Factor5 -1.35Institutional -0.25BRTO land use 0.13Pop density 1.00

MeanFactor1 -0.15Factor2 -0.51Factor4 2.65Factor5 -0.75Institutional 0.81BRTO land use 0.48Pop density -0.26

© Rodriguez, Vergel (2012)

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

BRT-oriented land uses BRT unsupportive land uses

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

% seg 2-lanes % seg 3-lanes % seg-peds

BRT Indore

G.P.O. BRT Stop

BRT

co

rrid

or

•  12 BRT STOPS •  1,114 Segments visited •  92.83 segments/BRT stop •  316 Blocks visited •  26.33 blocks/BRT stop

BRT Ahmedabad

Ramapir No Tekra BRT Stop

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

1 1.2 1.4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

BRT-oriented land uses BRT unsupportive land uses

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

% seg 2-lanes % seg 3-lanes % seg-peds

BRT corridor

•  21 BRT STOPS •  3,630 Segments visited •  172.86 segments/BRT stop •  710 Blocks visited •  33.81 blocks/BRT stop

BRT TYPOLOGY INDIA 1 (n=1) 2 (n=1) 3 (n=3) 4 (n=3) 5 (n=1)

         

   

       

6 (n=2) 7 (n=7) 8 (n=2) 9 (n=2) 10 (n=3)

         

   

       

11 (n=2) 12 (n=2) 13 (n=2) 14 (n=1) 15 (n=1)

         

           

BRT-OD LU -2.01Green spaces and parks -0.69Entropy -0.08Segment density -0.95Average block size 1.17Sidewalks -0.45

BRT-OD LU -1.67Green spaces and parks 0.10Entropy 0.23Segment density -0.34Average block size -0.74Sidewalks -0.81

BRT-OD LU 0.06Green spaces and parks 1.14Entropy -0.61Segment density -0.62Average block size -0.10Sidewalks 0.19

BRT-OD LU 1.47Green spaces and parks -1.04Entropy 0.56Segment density 0.37Average block size 0.01Sidewalks 0.97

BRT-OD LU 1.38Green spaces and parks 0.13Entropy 0.45Segment density 0.59Average block size 0.81Sidewalks 0.53

BRT-OD LU -1.79Green spaces and parks -0.09Entropy 0.76Segment density -0.89Average block size 0.37Sidewalks -0.71

BRT-OD LU -0.13Green spaces and parks 0.43Entropy -0.07Segment density -0.30Average block size -0.41Sidewalks 0.34

BRT-OD LU -0.94Green spaces and parks -0.47Entropy 0.19Segment density -1.35Average block size 2.78Sidewalks 1.50

BRT-OD LU 0.76Green spaces and parks -0.21Entropy 1.09Segment density -0.51Average block size -0.07Sidewalks 0.26

BRT-OD LU -0.34Green spaces and parks -1.01Entropy -1.20Segment density 0.44Average block size 0.76Sidewalks -1.04

BRT-OD LU 0.08Green spaces and parks -0.58Entropy 1.24Segment density 1.51Average block size -1.03Sidewalks -0.80

BRT-OD LU 0.23Green spaces and parks 0.39Entropy -0.16Segment density 2.27Average block size -1.11Sidewalks -0.86

BRT-OD LU 0.64Green spaces and parks -0.07Entropy -0.82Segment density -0.64Average block size -0.12Sidewalks -0.02

BRT-OD LU 0.89Green spaces and parks -1.22Entropy -1.53Segment density 0.73Average block size -1.16Sidewalks -1.45

BRT-OD LU 0.82Green spaces and parks 3.46Entropy 0.57Segment density 0.72Average block size -0.91Sidewalks 0.73

BRT INDORE 2009

2013

MR

– 9

Vija

y N

agar

Shal

imar

Tow

nshi

p

MR

– 9

BRT AHMEDABAD 2008

2013

Shas

trin

agar

ISKO

N M

andi

r

Sola

Cro

ss R

oads

BRT STOP TYPE 15

INDIA

BRT STOP

SHASTRINAGAR AHMEDABAD

0.82

3.46

0.57

0.72

-0.91

0.73

Mean Values (factors and std variables)

BRT-­‐OD  LU  consolidated  and  connected  

Green  spaces  and  parks  

Entropy  

Segment  density  

Average  block  size  

Sidewalks  

“There is affordable housing at Sola Road, Paresnagar, Shastrinagar, Pratrinagar, these areas, this stretch was built almost 20 years back, more than 20 or 25 years back, which was public housing built by the

government” (Land use planner)

BRT STOP TYPE 8 INDIA

BRTS STOP ISKON MANDIR AHMEDABAD

-­‐0.94  

-­‐0.47  

0.19  

-­‐1.35  

2.78  

1.50  

BRT-­‐OD  LU  consolidated  and  connected  

Green  spaces  and  parks  

Entropy  

Segment  density  

Average  block  size  

Sidewalks  

“Just in front of ISKON Mandir BRT stop one commercial development is being demolished for

a commercial redevelopment” (developer)

BRT

DATA

BRT-OD

Indian cities are in transition Latin America is giving us lessons

Development/Redevelopment Public Space and Affordable Housing

It is out there! Let’s collect it!

© Vergel (2013)

What is the “T” in TOD?