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Building Semantic Web Based Applications with Watson
Mathieu d’Aquin and many other people
The Knowledge Media Institute, The Open [email protected]
The Semantic Web is growing
http://esw.w3.org/topic/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData
Next Generation Semantic Web Applications
Dynamically retrieving, exploiting and combining relevant semantic resources from the SW, at large
Need for a Gateway to the Semantic Web
Next Generation Semantic Web Applications
Architecture
Collection
Interfaces: WUI
Web User Interface: http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/WatsonWUI
Web services and API
• A SOAP Based API that provides the infrastructure to:– Find SW documents and
retrieve metadata about them– Find entities (classes,
properties, individuals) and explore their semantic description
– Apply SPARQL queries to Semantic Web documents
• An initial REST Based API
• But what applications (can)
do with it?
Demonstrator: gowgle/wahoo
• An extension of a web search engine that suggests ways to extend a query thanks to online ontologies
• Example with the query “researcher”– Suggests “academic staff”, “Person”, etc. as
terms to generalize the query, and – “professor”, “PhD student” as terms to
specialize the query– Without having to give the system any
knowledge: everything comes from the Web!• 2 Versions:
– Gowgle (http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/gowgle): use the Google SOAP API and the Watson SOAP API
– Wahoo (http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/wahoo): use the Yahoo! REST API and the Watson REST API
QueryResult from Yahoo!
Term suggestions
Add/Replace
Screenshot of wahoo (REST based)
How to do it?
• Find ontologies containing the keyword “researcher”http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/semanticcontent/keywords?
q=researcher
• … exactly “researcher” in the label or id of a classhttp://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/semanticcontent/keywords?
q=researcher&scope=LN+Label&ent=Class&match=Exact
• Find entities corresponding to “researcher” in ontologyhttp://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/entity/keyword?
q=researcher&uri=http://calo.sri.com/core-plus-office&scope=LN+Label &ent=Class&match=Exact
• Find subclasses and superclasses of an entityhttp://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/entity/subclasses?ent=http://
calo.sri.com/core-plus-office#Researcher&uri=http://calo. sri.com/core-plus-office
• The rest is interface stuff and call to Yahoo!
Other functions
• Wahoo uses only a subset of the possibilities of the Watson API
• Functions on SW documents (in SOAP and soon in REST):
Find SW documents:listSemanticContentsgetSemanticContentByKeywords getSemanticContentByKeywordsWithRestrictionsgetBestCoverageWithRestrictions
Basic Metadata:getCacheLocation getSemanticContentLocationgetImportsgetNumberOfStatementgetSizeInBytesgetSemanticContentLanguagesgetDLExpressivness
Content:listClasseslistIndividualslistPropertiesexecuteSPARQLQuery
Reviews (from Revyu.com):getNumbearOfReviewsgetAverageRating getRevyuURL
Other functions
• Functions on entities (in SOAP and soon in REST):
Find Entities:getEntitiesByKeywordgetEntitiesByKeywordWithRestrictiongetBelongsTo
Relations:getRelationsFromgetRelationsTogetClassesgetDifferentFromgetDisjointWithgetDomaingetDomainOfgetEquivalentClassegetInstancesgetRangegetRangeOfgetSameIndividualgetSubClassegetSuperClasses
Literals:getLiteralsForgetLabelsgetComment
Real Applications
• PowerMagpie: Semantic Browsing
• PowerAqua: Question Answering
• Flor: Folksonomy Enrichment
• MOAW: Putting URIs everywhere
• Watson Plugin: Large Scale Knolwedge reuse in Ontology Engineering
• Scarlet: Relation Discovery
• Word Sense Disambiguation, Data Validation, …
And so…
• Watson is an ongoing work to build an infrastructure supporting the development of SW applications – Room for contributions ;-) – And building applications is a form of contribution!
• Many additions currently in development– Presentation of SW Documents/Ontologies, Ontology Summarization,
Modularization– Classification of SW Documents/Ontologies, ontology directory– Infrastructure for publishing SW data/ontologies, data hosting– Efficient cross ontology querying– Detecting and managing relations between SW documents/ontologies
(equivalences, similarity, versions, compatibility, etc.)– Combining automatic evaluation, user evaluation and trust for
(customized) ranking– Exchange with the p2p networks for ontology sharing
Thank you!Watson: http://watson.kmi.open.ac.ukBlog:
http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/blogMailing list:
The Semantic Web is growing…
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#SW Pages
Lee, J., Goodwin, R. (2004) The Semantic Webscape: a View of the Semantic Web. IBM Research Report.
Ontologies
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UoD
Next Generation Semantic Web Applications
NG SW Application Semantic WebSmart Features
• Able to exploit the SW at large – Dynamically retrieving the relevant semantic
resources – Combining several, heterogeneous Ontologies
Design Principles Focused on quality
– Provides quality information about the collected ontologies and semantic data– Provides valuable services for semantic applications, to discover, select, exploit and combine semantic resources
Provides a variety of query and access mechanisms– For both humans (web interface) and machines (web serv., API)
– To fit applications having different purposes and requirements– Ranging from Keyword search to ontology exploration and formal queries (SPARQL)
Support for relations between ontologies– Detecting redundancy, duplication, incompatibility (contradiction), modularization, versioning, etc.
