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Building Pennsylvania’s First Detector NetworkRuth WelliverPDA Bureau of Plant Industry, Plant Health [email protected]/November 2013
Outline
• Why do First Detector online training?
• Sample and Communication Flow
• Putting Pests in Perspective…. Lists!
• Sample Submission Notes
• Training Others
Photo courtesy of Charles Lam
First Detector Training Rationale
In a pest emergency, WE – all of us – are the First Responders.
Sample Flow Photo by Scott Edhardt
First Detector Local Extension OfficePSU Plant Disease, Weed, or Ent ID
Labs PDA Plant Labs USDA-APHIS-PPQ
identifiers************************************For Regulatory Staff: directly from First Detector PDA Plant
Labs
Sample Flow
Sample Result Communication Flow
First Detector Local Extension OfficePSU Plant Disease, Weed, or Ent ID Labs PDA Plant Labs, SPHD and
SPRO USDA-APHIS-PPQ
identifiers************************************For Regulatory Staff:First Detector (PDA Inspectors) PDA
Labs
What Ifs…. ?
Regulated business (such as a nursery) brings samples to Extension?
… and a regulated pest if identified?
Homeowner or commercial crop farmer walks into PDA lab with sample?
Asian Longhorned Beetle detection is reported on the local news, based on a homeowner sighting?
Pest information does not always flow in the channels we set for it Open Communication minimizes misunderstandings, saves time reacting to the information and the pest situation
Putting Pests in
Perspective…. Pest Lists
Pest Categories - Pest Lists
Select Agent vs. Quarantine pest vs. Regulated Non-Quarantine Pest vs. High Consequence Pest
vs. Economically-Important Pest vs. Public Nuisance vs. Just a Pest!
Invasive pestSignificant agents
...endemic,
emerging, and
exotic
pathogens
and pests High Consequence Pests, Diseases and Weeds
Actionable Pest
Select Agent vs. High Consequence
Select Agent: A very specific list of pathogens that could
be deployed as bioterrorism weapons. Human, Animal, and Plant pathogens and
toxins NOT a real concern for most First
Detectors High Consequence
Economic or Ecological damage potential Regulatory significance
One of these things is not like the others….
…The only one who must be inspected annually by PDA
Who doesn’t belong?
Established in PA - EAB
Emerald Ash Borer already present in Pennsylvania, eradication not feasible
Who doesn’t belong?
CWR on mums
Late blight on tomatoImage from http://extension.psu.edu/plants/vegetable-fruit/vegetable-disease-images/tomato
INSV on NGI
RsR3B2on geranium
Select Agent vs. RNQP
Ralstonia solanacearum R3B2
Who doesn’t belong?
Musk thistle (Carduus nutans)
Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Mile-A-Minute, Polygonum perfoliatum
Giant Hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum
All four are PA noxious weeds, but only Giant Hogweed requires immediate control action.
Giant Hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum
Not as easy as it was in kindergarten…
Many lists available, overlapping Need different ones for different purposes Lists change as situations change Requires good communication among users!
… which is why we are here, and why we chose to highlight the pests we did today
Submitting Samples
“A small, poor quality sample gets a small, poor quality answer!” (John Watkins)
Submitting Samples
Is a picture worth a thousand samples?
County Extension Offices are a first contact point! - http://extension.psu.edu/counties
PSU Plant Disease Clinic – Specimen Info Form; and Instructions
PSU Entomology Labs: 814-865-1896 PSU Turfgrass Services:
http://plantscience.psu.edu/research/centers/turf/extension/services
************************************ PDA Entomology: Sample Submission Form
PDA Weed: PaPlants PDA Pathology: PaPlants
No!
What makes a good insect sample?
Complete Need insect(s), not a leaf with a hole that may have been chewed by an
insect…. Need whole insect. Multiple specimens and/or multiple stages are useful
Secure (Dead!) Place in 70-80% Ethyl or Isopropyl Alcohol in a leak proof vial. Moths, Butterflies, and Mealy bugs should be frozen and placed in a hard
plastic container with dry paper toweling Other? – Best to contact entomologists
Adequate Information Complete submission form Include damage photos or descriptions of anything
unusual. Proper Packaging
Secure to prevent escapes or leaks Use pencil or alcohol-safe ink for data label (Sharpie and regular
Packaged to pens bleed) Protect condition of specimen until it reaches the lab
What makes a good disease sample?
Complete Whole plant is better than part of a
plant; show range of symptoms
Adequate information – Specimen Info Form or PDSR
completed; images helpful
Proper Packaging Condition maintained to lab; O/N
shipping best, keep cool but not frozen.
Secure –plants alive but in packaging that prevents leaks or escapes.
What makes a good weed sample? Complete
Whole plant is better than part of a plant Include roots, flower, fruit, and seeds when possible Multiple specimens are helpful
Adequate information Include surrounding habitat (field, road side, yard, etc)
information Proper Packaging
Packaged to protect condition of specimen until it reaches the lab
Avoid temp and moisture extremes Make sure foliage is dry when packaged;
pat dry with paper towel if needed Secure to prevent escapes or leaks
Building the First Detector Network in Pennsylvania
You
Sharing First Detector Info
www.firstdetector.org Modules on
Diagnosing Plant Problems Some scripted presentations
available at: https://firstdetector.org/jsp/contentPages/power%20point%20presentations.jsp
Need other training tools? - Contact the Plant Health Resource
Center!
Thank you!
Image Citations
ALB – 5431705: Melody Keena, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
Tuta absoluta - 5432149: Marja van der Straten, NVWA Plant Protection Service, Bugwood.org
Oak splendour beetle – 5371055: Gyorgy Csoka, Hungary Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org
EAB – 5369165: Marianne Prue, Ohio Department of Natural Resources - Division of Forestry, Bugwood.org
Comparison of Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida – 1356147: Ulrich Zunke, University of Hamburg, Bugwood.org
Several images have photographer credited with the image. Images without any associated credits are from PDA Plant Industry collections.