BUILDING MATERIALS

Made by Manuel Merino and Nacho Alejo 3A

TYPES OF MATERIALS (Summary)

1:Title page

2: Summary

3:Stone Materials: Compact rocks and Disgregated rocks

4:Bind Materials: Lime, Cement and Plaster

5:Concrete: Mass Concrete, Celular ConcreteReinforced Concrete

6:Concrete: Reinforced Concrete

7: Pottery Materials: Process of production

8: Pottery Materials: Types (bricks)

9: Pottery Materials: Types (tile, glazed tile,stoneware and porcelain)

10:Other Materials: Metal, Wood, Plastic and Glass

11 Summary of constructions process

Stone Materials

The stones materials are use a lot in construction. There are two main types: - Compact rocks: they are blocks of rock of marble, granite, sand, etc. They are use as flagstone. - Disgregated rocks: they are fragment of rocks of differents sides.

Bind Materials

The bind materials are prodcts that when they mix with water, they transform in a dughy mass and during a time, they change into a solid material. - Lime: They are obtain by the heating of limestone rocks. They are use to make bricks or to paint walls.- Cement: It is elaborated by the mix of limestone and cley.- Plaster: Dust mineral the mix with waer, are used to cover walls and roofs.

Concrete

The concrete is the mix of aggregates, bind materials and water. There are three types:- Mass Concrete: It is obtain by the mix of cement, water, gravel and sand.It is used in walls and foundations.- Celular Concrete: It is obtain by the mix of normal concrete and special chemical products.

Reinforced Concrete

It is a special type of concrete in which is introduce metallic structure, which give consistency.

Pottery Materials

Process. Two stages:- Mix and Mold. Special mix machines mix cley with water. Then, special machines give form and finally it is cut in determinated size.- Firing in kiln. The cuted material pass through kilns of different temperatures.

Pottery Materials

Bricks: Cley fire pieces nromaly with holes. There are mainly two types:- Thin Bricks: They have a very attractive appearance. They are very resistant and a very good insulator.- Common Bricks: Less resistant, more coarse and rough.

Pottery Materials

Tile: Cley fire pieces used in covering or roofs.

Glazed Tile: Square or rectangular pieces compound by two layers; the inferior of cley and the superior of glaze. It is used in the tile of the walls of bathrooms and kitchen.

Stonware: Mix of cley, quartz and feldspar used in the elaborations of pottery pieces.

Porcelain: Pottery material cover by a enamel that give a vitryfied appearance.

Other Materials

Metal. Three types:- Steel: It is used in the reinforced concrete and in the truss.- Aluminium: It is used it windows and doors.- Copper: It is used in instalations of plumbing, gas and heating.

Woods: It is not very common now in construction, only in roofs, doors, floor, etc.

Plastics: The used of plastic materials is growing.It is used in windows, plumbing, etc.

Glass: It is used in windows, doors, decoration, etc.

Building process

12: Ground preparation13: Foundations14: Strucure elevation15: Covering 16:Building external coverage17: Paving and wall up18: Instalations19: Finished Works

Ground Preparation

It consits of adapting the ground for the construction through demolition, debris removal and nivelation. In this process is require de use of heavy machines for example excavator or devasting.

Foundations

It consists of the construction of elements that form the base of the building. The materials used are the socle, that are individual platforms for each pillar, the flagstones, that are floating sheet that are support directly from the ground, and the pile, that are supports of big size that can be built in a open cavity of the ground. They are make of concrete.

Structure Elevation

It is the stage in which pillars and foundations that form the skeleton of the building. This structures are made of reinforced concrte, mass concrete, steel beam and jack arch brick.The machine mainly sued are crane.

Covering

It consist of the construction of the cover of the building. The materials used in the construction of cover are tiles, arabic or mixt, slate slab, metallic slab or fribrocment slab.

Building external coverage

In this process exterior walls are built that isolate the interior from the enviroment. It is cover with polyurethane foam rubber.

Paving and Wall up

It is the stage in which is built the floor and the partition, that divided the floor of the building. The materials used in the paving are stone ware, wood, marble, granite and terrazzo. The materials use for the partition are bricks and dry wall.

Installations

It consists of the colocation of the plumbing, gas, electricity, communication, etc installations. Each installation is make up by a different team of professional.

Finished Works

It is the final stage in which the painters, carpenters and builders adapt the building for its sale.Paints, wood, glass or stone materials are used.