1. Building Materials By: Beatriz Aguilar Janita & Juan
Manuel Donaire Felipe
2. MATERIALS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
Materials of construction are thoose which are used in the
construction of buildings.
Rock Materials:
Compact rocks : Are stone blocks of differents materials like
limestone and granite that formpaving stones, flagstones,...
Separated rocks : Stone fragments with a variable size.- Clay:
Very small grains that absorbe water. -Arids:Are fragments of other
rocks:Sand and gravel.
3. Binder materials
Binders are materials that, if they aremixed with water they
become pasty. And when they solidificate they adquire
rigidity.
Gypsum: It is a mineral that mixed with water it is used
tocover walls.
4. Binder materials (II)
Lime: It is obtained by the heating of limestone.
Cement: It is the most used binder. There are various kinds of
cement like: -Iron and steel-Portland...
5. Concrete
The concrete is acombination of binder, arids and water.
Cellular concrete It is produced by the addition of air inside
it.
Lime concrete; It is a type of concrete where the cement is
repleced by lime.
6. Concrete (II)
Reinforced concrete:It is a type of concrete usually
strengthened withiron bars.
Glass concrete: Its a type of concrete made with recycled
glass. It has a better long term strength and better thermal
insulation due to its better thermal properties of the glass
aggregates
7. Pottery Materials
Pottery materials are pieces fabricated withclay fired in a
kiln.
The process to elaborate pottery materials have two parts:
1. Some machines mix clay with water, then the mass is passed
through different kinds of nozzles.
2. The material cross several rooms with different
temperatures.
8. Pottery Products
Bricks: Pieces of fired clay. There are two types:
Thin bricks: have a good atmospheric resistant and insulating
properties. It is used to make facades
Normal bricks: they have less resistance .Are used in
walls.
9. Pottery Products (II)
Tile: Fired clay pieces used inroofs.
Glazed tile: Pieces formed by two layers, one of clay and the
other of glass.They are use to recover walls in the kitchen and
bathroom.
10. Pottery Products (III)
Stoneware: Is a mixture used to elaborate glass pottery pieces
which are used to makefloors and walls.
Porcelain: Pottery material covered with enamel that gives to
it a glass appearance.
11. Other Materials
Steel: Is used to reinforce the concrete.
Glass: Is used in lots of types ofwindows, doors,
decorations...
Copper: Is used ininstallations of water, gas...
12. Other Materials (II)
Aluminum: Used in sides ofwindows, doors...
Woods: Usedin roofs, doors, windows, floors...
Plastics: Used like an insulating material, recovering of
thefloors, windows...
13. Building construction
The builiding construction has several phases.
1. Prepare the terrain through several actions.
2. Positioning of the elements which are undergound
andgenerally are made of reinforced concrete.
3. Rising of the structure.
14. BuildingConstruction (II)
4.Itsthe covering of the builiding.
5.Materials like wood, stoneware... are used over each
floor.
6.Through the rising of walls rooms are builded.
7. Placing of several instalations like water or electricity
ones.
8.Its the final phase of the building, in which the use of the
building is determinated.
15. Construction Machinery
In the excavation are useddiggers.
In the leveling of the terrain are usedbulldozers,
steamrollers...
The materials are transported inlorries.
16. Construction Machinery (II)
The materials are elevated with cranes, which are formed by
three elements:
1.A vertical metallic structure.
2.A horizontal metallic structure which can turn 360.
3.Structure that supportthe load.
17. Enviromental Impact
Human Beings live a great part of their lives inside buildings.
In Europe around the 40% of the energy is used inconstruction.
The enviromnental impact is due to various factors:
A building has a long life.
It interfere with nature.
A building is very complex andhas a great quantity of
materials.