Bluetooth Technology

Definition

Bluetooth technology is a short-range wireless communications technology to :• replace the cables connecting electronic devices• allowing a person to have a phone conversation via

a headset• use a wireless mouse and synchronize information

from a mobile phone to a PC, all using the same core system.

HistoryWhy is this technology termed as ‘Bluetooth’ ?

• Bluetooth was named after a late 900s king, Harald Bluetooth King of Denmark and Norway. He is known for his unification of previously warring tribes from Denmark (including Scania, present-day Sweden, where the Bluetooth technology was invented), and Norway. Bluetooth likewise was intended to unify different technologies, such as computers and mobile phones. 

• Harald liked to eat blueberries, which gave his teeth the coloration that lead to the nickname "Bluetooth."

Introduction• Bluetooth Wireless Technology (BWT) was

developed in 1994 at Ericsson in Sweden.• Bluetooth-Wireless and Automatic technology

simplifying art of communication.• Frequency used is 2.45 GHz, same used in

ISM devices. • Purpose – Originally it was build to eliminate

the need for cable connections between PDAs and notebook PCs. Later the goals were to enable different devices through a commonly accepted standard for wireless connectivity . Ericsson on advent of BWT conceptualized a Radio Technology through a wireless personal area network (WPAN).

Bluetooth Specifications• Bluetooth-Wireless technology providing

link between mobile and electronic devices. • It operates on 2.45 GHz radio signals using

frequency hopping spread spectrum.• Technology of Bluetooth concentrates on

short range of communication• Standard: IEEE 802.15• ISM Band Frequency: 2.4 GHz• Range: 10 – 100 meters• Channel Bandwidth: 1 Mbps• Maximum Asymmetric Data Transfer Rate:

721 Kbps

Reducing Interference• BWT devices hop randomly between

frequencies up to 1600 times per second.

• So,if another device using a 2.4 GHz frequency (e.g.:cordless phone) ,

• then the interference with the BWT network lasts only for about 1/1600 of a second.

• By then, the devices hop to another frequency.

Bluetooth Basics• Bluetooth is low powered and low cost.

• All the devices follow a uniform structure

• Devices Connect through network called

Pico nets.

• Strength lies in handling data and video transmission simultaneously.

Piconets• Let's say you have a DVD player, a satellite TV receiver and

a television; there's also a cordless telephone and a personal computer. Each of these systems uses Bluetooth, and each forms its own piconet to talk between the main unit and peripheral.

• The cordless telephone has one Bluetooth transmitter in the base and another in the handset.

• Since the handset has an address in the range, it responds, and a tiny network is formed. Now, even if one of these devices should receive a signal from another system, it will ignore it since it's not from within the network.

• Each piconet hops randomly through the available frequencies, so all of the piconets are completely separated from one another.

• Since each network is changing the frequency of its operation thousands of times a second, it's unlikely that any two networks will be on the same frequency at the same time

Scatternet• Scatternet consists of several piconets

connected by devices participating in multiple piconet.

• There is a ‘BRIDGE’ connecting 2 piconets which is also a slave in individual piconets.

• Advantages of Scatternet :– Higher throughput– Multi-hop connections between devices

indifferent piconets

Bluetooth Software• Bluetooth software can be installed and

used on Bluetooth capable devices.

• There exists different software for different devices like PDA , personal computer.

• Enables the device to use technology at its fullest.

• Best example is Bluesoleil.

Bluetooth Software• Bluesoleil can be installed on

personal computer or on

• personal digital assistant also

• On a PC, it provides a lot of Extra wireless features.

• It also has a graphical user interface (GUI).

• • On a PDA, provides basic

Bluetooth profiles such as headset and hands free profile, personal networking (PAN) profile

Technical Operations• High speed, low powered wireless technology.• Circuits are Contained on a 0.9 cm square.• This offers 1MB link with security.• Each device offers unique 48 bit address from

IEEE 802.15 standard.• Authentication is via a 128 bit key. • Supports up to 721KBps along with 3 voice

channels.

Bluetooth Protocol Stack• Adopted Protocols

– PPP(Point-To-Point Protocol)

– TCP/UDP/IP

– OBEX-Session Protocol for IrDA(Infrared Data Association)

– Contents Format(e.g. vCard, vCalendar)

– WAP-Wireless Application Protocol

Bluetooth Security

• Supports Unidirectional or Mutual Encryption based on a Secret Link key Shared Between Two Devices

• Security Defined In 3 modes:– Mode1- No Security– Mode 2 - Service Level Security: Not

Established Before Channel is Established at L2CAP

– Mode 3 - Link Level Security: Device Initiates Security Before LMP Link is Setup

Bluetooth Security

• 3 Levels of Service Access

– Require Authorization and Authentication

– Require Authentication Only

– Default Security for Legacy Applications

Merits• Wireless• Inexpensive• Automatic• Interoperability• Low interference and energy

consumption.• Share voice and data• Instant PAN• Upgradeable• Long lasting technology.• Easy link establishment

Demerits• Data rate and security

• More susceptible to Interception and attack

• Less range

• Average Speed

• Short Life

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK