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A detailed presentation about Bluetooth
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Bluetooth
By P Victer Paul
Dear We planned to share our eBooks and projectseminar contents for free to all needed friends like u To get to know about more free computerscience ebooks and technology advancements in computer science Please visit
httpfree-computerscience-ebooksblogspotcom
httprecent-computer-technologyblogspotcom
httpcomputertechnologiesebooksblogspotcom
Please to keep provide many eBooks and technology news for FREE Encourage us by Clicking on the advertisement in these Blog
Introduction
bull Aims at so-called ad hoc piconets which are local area networks with a very limited coverage and without the need for an infrastructure
bull Designed to be used to connect both mobile devices and peripherals that currently require a wire
bull ldquoUSB without wiresrdquo
bull Short range wireless radio technology
bull - operate range of 10 meters
bull - RF is centered at 245 GHz (RF Channels2420+k MHz k=078)
bull - Frequency hopping is used to combat interference in wireless environment
bull - TDD for full duplex communications
bull Sleeping power ndash 30 Microampsbull Transmission power- 800 Microampsbull Standby mode-300 Microampsbull Data rate 721Kbpsbull Price is lessbull Operates on circuit and packet switching modesbull Provides both asynchronous and synchronous
data services
bull Faster than cellular data(96 to 144 Kbps)
bull Compared to wired and wireless LAN(10 Mbps) Bluetooth is slower
bull Bluetooth can ndash Recognise bluetooth device in radio rangendash Permit easy connection of devicesndash Be aware of device typesndash Support service discovery
Advantages
bull Wireless (No Cables)
bull No Setup Needed
bull Low Power Consumption (1 Milliwat)
bull Industry Wide Support
Disadvantages
bull Short range (10 meters)
bull Small throughput rates
bull - Data Rate 10 Mbps
bull Mostly for personal use (PANs)
bull Fairly Expensive
Who Started Bluetooth
bull Ericsson Mobile Communicationbull Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)bull -5 founding members bull -Ericsson Nokia IBM Intel amp Toshiba
bull Promoterrsquos Group bull - 3COM Lucent Microsoft Motorola
bull Now over 1900 members
Bluetooth Devices
bull Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything from
bull Telephonesbull Headsets bull Computersbull Camerasbull PDAsbull Carsbull Etc hellip
How Does It Workbull Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices
bull These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send and transmit it at a special
frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
By P Victer Paul
Dear We planned to share our eBooks and projectseminar contents for free to all needed friends like u To get to know about more free computerscience ebooks and technology advancements in computer science Please visit
httpfree-computerscience-ebooksblogspotcom
httprecent-computer-technologyblogspotcom
httpcomputertechnologiesebooksblogspotcom
Please to keep provide many eBooks and technology news for FREE Encourage us by Clicking on the advertisement in these Blog
Introduction
bull Aims at so-called ad hoc piconets which are local area networks with a very limited coverage and without the need for an infrastructure
bull Designed to be used to connect both mobile devices and peripherals that currently require a wire
bull ldquoUSB without wiresrdquo
bull Short range wireless radio technology
bull - operate range of 10 meters
bull - RF is centered at 245 GHz (RF Channels2420+k MHz k=078)
bull - Frequency hopping is used to combat interference in wireless environment
bull - TDD for full duplex communications
bull Sleeping power ndash 30 Microampsbull Transmission power- 800 Microampsbull Standby mode-300 Microampsbull Data rate 721Kbpsbull Price is lessbull Operates on circuit and packet switching modesbull Provides both asynchronous and synchronous
data services
bull Faster than cellular data(96 to 144 Kbps)
bull Compared to wired and wireless LAN(10 Mbps) Bluetooth is slower
bull Bluetooth can ndash Recognise bluetooth device in radio rangendash Permit easy connection of devicesndash Be aware of device typesndash Support service discovery
Advantages
bull Wireless (No Cables)
bull No Setup Needed
bull Low Power Consumption (1 Milliwat)
bull Industry Wide Support
Disadvantages
bull Short range (10 meters)
bull Small throughput rates
bull - Data Rate 10 Mbps
bull Mostly for personal use (PANs)
bull Fairly Expensive
Who Started Bluetooth
bull Ericsson Mobile Communicationbull Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)bull -5 founding members bull -Ericsson Nokia IBM Intel amp Toshiba
bull Promoterrsquos Group bull - 3COM Lucent Microsoft Motorola
bull Now over 1900 members
Bluetooth Devices
bull Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything from
bull Telephonesbull Headsets bull Computersbull Camerasbull PDAsbull Carsbull Etc hellip
How Does It Workbull Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices
bull These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send and transmit it at a special
frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Introduction
bull Aims at so-called ad hoc piconets which are local area networks with a very limited coverage and without the need for an infrastructure
bull Designed to be used to connect both mobile devices and peripherals that currently require a wire
bull ldquoUSB without wiresrdquo
bull Short range wireless radio technology
bull - operate range of 10 meters
bull - RF is centered at 245 GHz (RF Channels2420+k MHz k=078)
bull - Frequency hopping is used to combat interference in wireless environment
bull - TDD for full duplex communications
bull Sleeping power ndash 30 Microampsbull Transmission power- 800 Microampsbull Standby mode-300 Microampsbull Data rate 721Kbpsbull Price is lessbull Operates on circuit and packet switching modesbull Provides both asynchronous and synchronous
data services
bull Faster than cellular data(96 to 144 Kbps)
bull Compared to wired and wireless LAN(10 Mbps) Bluetooth is slower
bull Bluetooth can ndash Recognise bluetooth device in radio rangendash Permit easy connection of devicesndash Be aware of device typesndash Support service discovery
Advantages
bull Wireless (No Cables)
bull No Setup Needed
bull Low Power Consumption (1 Milliwat)
bull Industry Wide Support
Disadvantages
bull Short range (10 meters)
bull Small throughput rates
bull - Data Rate 10 Mbps
bull Mostly for personal use (PANs)
bull Fairly Expensive
Who Started Bluetooth
bull Ericsson Mobile Communicationbull Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)bull -5 founding members bull -Ericsson Nokia IBM Intel amp Toshiba
bull Promoterrsquos Group bull - 3COM Lucent Microsoft Motorola
bull Now over 1900 members
Bluetooth Devices
bull Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything from
bull Telephonesbull Headsets bull Computersbull Camerasbull PDAsbull Carsbull Etc hellip
How Does It Workbull Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices
bull These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send and transmit it at a special
frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull ldquoUSB without wiresrdquo
bull Short range wireless radio technology
bull - operate range of 10 meters
bull - RF is centered at 245 GHz (RF Channels2420+k MHz k=078)
bull - Frequency hopping is used to combat interference in wireless environment
bull - TDD for full duplex communications
bull Sleeping power ndash 30 Microampsbull Transmission power- 800 Microampsbull Standby mode-300 Microampsbull Data rate 721Kbpsbull Price is lessbull Operates on circuit and packet switching modesbull Provides both asynchronous and synchronous
data services
bull Faster than cellular data(96 to 144 Kbps)
bull Compared to wired and wireless LAN(10 Mbps) Bluetooth is slower
bull Bluetooth can ndash Recognise bluetooth device in radio rangendash Permit easy connection of devicesndash Be aware of device typesndash Support service discovery
Advantages
bull Wireless (No Cables)
bull No Setup Needed
bull Low Power Consumption (1 Milliwat)
bull Industry Wide Support
Disadvantages
bull Short range (10 meters)
bull Small throughput rates
bull - Data Rate 10 Mbps
bull Mostly for personal use (PANs)
bull Fairly Expensive
Who Started Bluetooth
bull Ericsson Mobile Communicationbull Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)bull -5 founding members bull -Ericsson Nokia IBM Intel amp Toshiba
bull Promoterrsquos Group bull - 3COM Lucent Microsoft Motorola
bull Now over 1900 members
Bluetooth Devices
bull Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything from
bull Telephonesbull Headsets bull Computersbull Camerasbull PDAsbull Carsbull Etc hellip
How Does It Workbull Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices
bull These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send and transmit it at a special
frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull Sleeping power ndash 30 Microampsbull Transmission power- 800 Microampsbull Standby mode-300 Microampsbull Data rate 721Kbpsbull Price is lessbull Operates on circuit and packet switching modesbull Provides both asynchronous and synchronous
data services
bull Faster than cellular data(96 to 144 Kbps)
bull Compared to wired and wireless LAN(10 Mbps) Bluetooth is slower
bull Bluetooth can ndash Recognise bluetooth device in radio rangendash Permit easy connection of devicesndash Be aware of device typesndash Support service discovery
Advantages
bull Wireless (No Cables)
bull No Setup Needed
bull Low Power Consumption (1 Milliwat)
bull Industry Wide Support
Disadvantages
bull Short range (10 meters)
bull Small throughput rates
bull - Data Rate 10 Mbps
bull Mostly for personal use (PANs)
bull Fairly Expensive
Who Started Bluetooth
bull Ericsson Mobile Communicationbull Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)bull -5 founding members bull -Ericsson Nokia IBM Intel amp Toshiba
bull Promoterrsquos Group bull - 3COM Lucent Microsoft Motorola
bull Now over 1900 members
Bluetooth Devices
bull Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything from
bull Telephonesbull Headsets bull Computersbull Camerasbull PDAsbull Carsbull Etc hellip
How Does It Workbull Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices
bull These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send and transmit it at a special
frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull Faster than cellular data(96 to 144 Kbps)
bull Compared to wired and wireless LAN(10 Mbps) Bluetooth is slower
bull Bluetooth can ndash Recognise bluetooth device in radio rangendash Permit easy connection of devicesndash Be aware of device typesndash Support service discovery
Advantages
bull Wireless (No Cables)
bull No Setup Needed
bull Low Power Consumption (1 Milliwat)
bull Industry Wide Support
Disadvantages
bull Short range (10 meters)
bull Small throughput rates
bull - Data Rate 10 Mbps
bull Mostly for personal use (PANs)
bull Fairly Expensive
Who Started Bluetooth
bull Ericsson Mobile Communicationbull Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)bull -5 founding members bull -Ericsson Nokia IBM Intel amp Toshiba
bull Promoterrsquos Group bull - 3COM Lucent Microsoft Motorola
bull Now over 1900 members
Bluetooth Devices
bull Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything from
bull Telephonesbull Headsets bull Computersbull Camerasbull PDAsbull Carsbull Etc hellip
How Does It Workbull Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices
bull These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send and transmit it at a special
frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Advantages
bull Wireless (No Cables)
bull No Setup Needed
bull Low Power Consumption (1 Milliwat)
bull Industry Wide Support
Disadvantages
bull Short range (10 meters)
bull Small throughput rates
bull - Data Rate 10 Mbps
bull Mostly for personal use (PANs)
bull Fairly Expensive
Who Started Bluetooth
bull Ericsson Mobile Communicationbull Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)bull -5 founding members bull -Ericsson Nokia IBM Intel amp Toshiba
bull Promoterrsquos Group bull - 3COM Lucent Microsoft Motorola
bull Now over 1900 members
Bluetooth Devices
bull Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything from
bull Telephonesbull Headsets bull Computersbull Camerasbull PDAsbull Carsbull Etc hellip
How Does It Workbull Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices
bull These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send and transmit it at a special
frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Disadvantages
bull Short range (10 meters)
bull Small throughput rates
bull - Data Rate 10 Mbps
bull Mostly for personal use (PANs)
bull Fairly Expensive
Who Started Bluetooth
bull Ericsson Mobile Communicationbull Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)bull -5 founding members bull -Ericsson Nokia IBM Intel amp Toshiba
bull Promoterrsquos Group bull - 3COM Lucent Microsoft Motorola
bull Now over 1900 members
Bluetooth Devices
bull Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything from
bull Telephonesbull Headsets bull Computersbull Camerasbull PDAsbull Carsbull Etc hellip
How Does It Workbull Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices
bull These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send and transmit it at a special
frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Who Started Bluetooth
bull Ericsson Mobile Communicationbull Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)bull -5 founding members bull -Ericsson Nokia IBM Intel amp Toshiba
bull Promoterrsquos Group bull - 3COM Lucent Microsoft Motorola
bull Now over 1900 members
Bluetooth Devices
bull Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything from
bull Telephonesbull Headsets bull Computersbull Camerasbull PDAsbull Carsbull Etc hellip
How Does It Workbull Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices
bull These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send and transmit it at a special
frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Bluetooth Devices
bull Bluetooth will soon be enabled in everything from
bull Telephonesbull Headsets bull Computersbull Camerasbull PDAsbull Carsbull Etc hellip
How Does It Workbull Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices
bull These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send and transmit it at a special
frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
How Does It Workbull Bluetooth is a standard
for tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into your devices
bull These chips were designed to take all of the information that your wires normally send and transmit it at a special
frequency to something called a receiver Bluetooth chip
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Bluetooth Specifications
bull Each channel is divided into time slots 625 microseconds long
bull Packets can be up to five time slots wide
bull Data in a packet can be up to 2745 bits in length
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Bluetooth Frequency
bull Has been set aside by the ISM for exclusive use of Bluetooth wireless products
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
IrDA
bull Transmission rate 115kbitssbull Limited range(2 m)bull Line of sight between interfacesbull Limitation of only two participants(P2P)bull No internet working media access
communication mechanismsbull Adv is low costbull Found in laptops PDA cellular phones
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
What is the rangeBluetooth
bull Class 3 radios ndash have a range of up to 1 meter or 3 feet
bull Class 2 radios ndash most commonly found in mobile devices ndash have a range of 10 meters or 30 feet
bull Class 1 radios ndash used primarily in industrial use cases ndash have a range of 100 meters or 300 feet
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Power requirements
bull The most commonly used radio is Class 2
bull and uses 25 mW of power
bull Bluetooth technology is designed to have
very low power consumption
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Speed
bull 1 Mbps for Version 12
bull Up to 3 Mbps supported for Version 20
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Bluetooth Headphones
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Bluetooth Car Adapter
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Bluetooth Medical Devices
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Applications
bull Connection of peripheral devices
bull Support adhoc networking
bull Bridging networks
Goal
Local Wireless access at low costs
Comparison with WLAN adapters- designed for higher bandwidth and large range More expensive
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Radio spectrumbull 1048707 Unlicensed 24 GHz ISM(Industrial Scientific
Medical band) frequency band 79 channels (2400-24835 MHz in most countries) 1 MHz carrier spacing
bull Radio layerbull 1048707 Transmit power (1-100mW) typical range 10-100 m
without obstaclesbull Interferences from
ndash Other radio frequency short-range techniquesndash Wireless local area networks (IEEE 80211)ndash Random noise generators (microwave ovens)ndash Other Bluetooth units
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Bluetooth characteristics
bull Capacitybull 1048707 1 Mbps per channelbull 1048707 Theoretical capacity of 79 Mbps cannot be
reached due to non-orthogonal hopping sequences
bull Link typesbull 1048707 Synchronous connection-oriented link (SCO)bull 1048707 Asynchronous connectionless link (ACL)bull Topology and medium access controlbull 1048707 Master-slave architecture
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull 2 types of physical links are definedbull SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) bull ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less)bull The SCO link is point-to-point between master
and slave The master maintains the link by using reserved timeslots at regular intervals Packet retransmissions are not allowed
bull ACL provides packet-switched connections between the master and all active slaves Packet retransmissions are usually applied to assure data integrity
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull Techniques to minimize packet lossndash Frequency Hoppingndash Adaptive power controlndash Short data packets
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Frequency Hopping
bull Uses FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum)ndash Divides the ISM-band into 79 1-Mhz channelsndash Communication between devices switches
between available channels
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Avoiding Interference Hopping
bull Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping
bull In this technique a device will use 79 individual randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range
bull Transmitters change frequency 1600 times a second
bull
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Frequency Hopping (cont)
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Power states
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Bluetooth power managementmodes
bull Stand-by (SB) or idlebull Devices not connected in a piconetbull Extremely low duty cycle (less than one percent) scan for 10 ms every 128-384 secondsbull Parked (P)bull Devices are part of a piconet but not activebull low power modebull Assigned an 8-bit parked member address (PMA) and loses is active
member address (AMA)bull Hold (H)bull Similar to parked mode but devices keep AMA addressbull resume sending at once after transition out of HOLD statebull Sniff (Sn)bull Used only by slave devices for power conservationbull Device is active but listens to channel at a reduced rate Not on every slot
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Topology-Piconet
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Bluetooth scatternet
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
Protocol stack
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull Radio handles bits of informaiton and presents them in suitable form for radio transmission This involves codingdecoding and modulation and demodulation
bull Base band link control supports link establishment and provides link control ( addressing packet format timing and power control)
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull Link management (LM) controls and configures links to other bluetooth devices
bull Includes security concepts such as authentication and encryption
bull Responsible for attaching SLAVES to piconet and allocating their AMA
bull Establishes ACL data and SCO voice links and is capable of putting connections in low power modes
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull Host controller interface (HCI) Provided to ease the partition of the Bluetooth Stack across two processors
bull Some systems will implement the baseband and link manager on the Bluetooth device and higher levels on the host processor
bull The HCI is provided as an interface between these parts
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull Logical Link Control and Adaption (L2CAP)
bull Deals withndash multiplexing of different servicesndash segmentation ndash reassembling of packetsndash Quality of Service
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull RFCOMM Radio frequency communications (RFCOMM) is the cable replacement protocol used to create a virtual serial data stream
bull Enables the replacement of serial port cables with minimum of modification of existing devices
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull WAP can also be supported over bluetooth platformndash WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to
telephony and information services
bull Telephony control protocol-binary (TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices (setuprelease)
bull OBEX Object Exchange session protocol enables exchange of data objects and supports dialogue between two devicesndash Functionality similar to HTTP
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
bull SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)ndash Used to allow devices to discover what
services each other support and what parameters to use to connect to them
