Bluetooth

BLUETOOTHTechnolog

yNaushad Ahmad

Avinash Kumar

Sanjay Kumar

CONTENTS1. Introduction

2. The origin of Bluetooth3. Bluetooth components4. Specifications and features5. Bluetooth technology and its

challenges

INTRODUCTION

What is Bluetooth?Bluetooth is a high-speed, low-

power microwave wireless link technology, designed to connect phones, laptops, and other portable equipment together with little or no work by the user.

The Origin of BluetoothGuest Author - Cathy Spearmon

Since the development of Bluetooth in 1994 by Swedish telecommunications firm Ericsson.

There have been more than 1800 companies worldwide who have signed as members of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in order to build products to the wireless specification.

Bluetooth is a wireless communication

technology that allows devices, within a 10

meter proximity, to communicate with each

other.

Bluetooth is the name for a short-range radio frequency (RF) technology that operates at 2.4 GHz and is capable of transmitting voice and data.

The Origin of Bluetooth

EXAMPLES OF BLUETOOTH

Wireless headsets, modems, and printers are prime examples of devices using Bluetooth technology.

Bluetooth has adopted a common data. As exchanging data, business cards, and calendar entries.

Any Bluetooth solution consists of four major components are:

antenna/RF Bluetooth Software Protocol Stack Bluetooth Radio and Baseband Bluetooth application

BLUETOOTH COMPONENTS

Antenna/RF

The antenna and RF design portion is interesting in that it requires a unique solution for each device.

Even single chip solutions require specialized antenna design, depending on the device. Antenna design requires specialized skills to ensure that the Bluetooth radio will operate within its specification.

BLUETOOTH APPLICATIONS

The Bluetooth radio is the hardware transceiver unit .

The purpose of the specification is to provide compatibility between Bluetooth devices that operate

in the 2.4GHz ISM band.

Data synchronisation need never again be a problem

as your Bluetooth enabled PDA, PC or laptop all talk

to each other and update their respective files to the most recent ones.

Bluetooth Software Protocol Stack

The Bluetooth software protocol stack can be thought of as driver code GNU license code . This code allows the application software to send and receive information from the Bluetooth module.

Major components of the protocol stack are the Link Manager (LM), Logical Link Control, Human Interface Device (HID) and other high level protocols.

Bluetooth Radio and Baseband

The Bluetooth radio is the hardware transceiver unit that implements the Bluetooth radio specification. The purpose of the specification is to provide compatibility between Bluetooth devices that operate in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, and to define the quality of the system.

SPECIFICATIONS AND FEATURES

The Bluetooth specification was developed in 1994 by Jalap Hearten and Sven Mattisson, who were working for Ericsson .

The specifications were formalized by the bluetooth Special Interest Group(SIG). The SIG was formally announced on May 20, 1998.

BLUETOOTH V1.0 & V1.0B

Versions 1.0 and 1.0B had many problems, and manufacturers had difficulty making their products interoperable.

Versions 1.0 and 1.0B also included mandatory Bluetooth hardware device address (BD_ADDR) transmission in the Connecting process.

BLUETOOTH V1.1

Many errors found in the 1.0B specifications were fixed.

Added support for non-encrypted channels.

(RSSI) Received Signal Strength Indicator.

BLUETOOTH V1.2

Faster connection and discovery

Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH) spread spectrum which improves resistance to radio frequency interface.

(HCI) Host Controller Interface support for three-wire (uart).

BLUETOOTH V2.0 + EDR The main difference is the introduction of

an Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster data transfer. The nominal rate of EDR is about 3 megabits per second.

The specification is published as "bluetooth v2.0 + EDR" which implies that EDR is an optional feature.

BLUETOOTH V2.1 + EDR

This improves the pairing experience for bluetooth devices, while increasing the use and strength of security. See the section on pairing below for more details.

2.1 allows various other improvements, including "extended inquiry response" (EIR), which provides more information during the inquiry procedure to allow better filtering of devices before connection.

BLUETOOTH V4.0

On June 12, 2007, nokia and bluetooth SIG had announced that WIBREE will be a part of the bluetooth specification, as an ultra-low power bluetooth technology.

On December 17, 2009, the bluetooth SIG adopted bluetooth low energy technology as the hallmark feature of the version 4.0 the provisional names wibree and bluetooth ULP (ultra low power) are abandoned.

BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY

In bluetooth v4.0. It allows two types of implementation.

dual-mode and single-mode. In a dual-mode implementation, bluetooth

low energy functionality is integrated into an existing classic bluetooth controller.

Single-mode chips, which will enable highly integrated and compact devices and secure encrypted connections at the lowest possible cost.

Bluetooth Technology & Its Challenges

Technology Bluetooth has evolved over time. As user

needs increased, the Bluetooth standards expanded to accommodate user needs.

Standards improved frequency-hopping

technology to help with audio quality.

Bluetooth has continued to improve audio quality, data reliability and security through improvements to encryption system and frequency hopping technology.

Usually Single Device

Although some Bluetooth devices support connecting more than one device, most will only pair to a single device. In some cases, this is a security consideration.


RangeMany current models and older devices are limited to a 30-foot radius. This limits Bluetooth usability for close, room-based networking.

Pairing Issues

Sometimes a device will not recognize another device. In rare cases, two devices that are paired will not communicate properly. These issues are rare and usually be solved by consulting technical support.

Battery Consumption

Bluetooth devices use very low power. However, battery consumption can still be a problem. Rechargeable devices with built-in batteries often run out of power and require specialized charging systems.


Bluetooth is one among many proximity technologies, like Infrared, RFID, and contact less Smart cards. They are concerned about usefulness, acceptance, applications, security, usability, and reliability of technology. In order to overcome these risks, Bluetooth Special Interest Group is continuously working to add or improve profiles into this. Bluetooth version 2 can handle many of the above issues. Bluetooth can provide auto connections between devices, with compromise to security. Though independently Bluetooth most advanced and useful technologies.

CONCLUSION

We want to thank all those resources which help us in completing our project.

Following websites help us:-

1) www.google.com2) www.ieee.com3) www.bluetoothwikipedia.com Other resources like Newspaper,

Magazines text books like Information technology

and our textbook (foundation semester) .

REFERENCES