CYNTHIA T. HEDREYDA Ph.DNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

AND BIOTEHNOLOGY

NIMBB UP DILIMAN

THE USE OF LIVING ORGANISMS, PARTS OF LIVING ORGANISMS, OR PRODUCTS OF LIVING

ORGANISM TO COME UP WITH A PRODUCT THAT IS

USEFUL TO MAN

EXAMPLES :

BEER, WINE , ALCO GAS

fermentation products of yeast

SEVERAL TRADITIONAL FERMENTED FOOD “burong gulay”, “burong isda”, soy

sauce, fish sauce

BAKED PRODUCTS that use yeast in dough making

TRADITIONAL VACCINES injection of live attenuated or killed microorganism

that will elicit an immune response

HERBAL MEDICINE, DIGESTIVE AIDS makes use of plant & microbial products

CHEESE MAKING use of microorganisms for aging or flavor formation and animal or microbial enzyme for curdling

DETERGENT AND LEATHER INDUSTRY use of microbial enzymes (protease) & dyes

DIAGNOSTIC KITS FOR PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS use proteins from microorganisms for the ELISA detection

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS uses other microorganisms to control disease-causing microorganisms

USE OF SOIL INOCULANTS use of useful organisms that enhance growth of plants

USE OF PROBIOTICS use of useful organisms that enhance growth of other useful organisms synthesize products useful to other organisms

AGRICULTURE SOIL INOCULANTS, ORGANIC FARMING, BIOLOGICAL INSECTIDCIDE OR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, CONVENTIONAL PLANT AND ANMAL BREEDING, CONVENTIONAL VACCINES

FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY BREAD MAKING, FERMENTATION BEVERAGE AND OTHER FERMENTED FOOD LIKE KIMCHI, CHEESE, VINEGAR, SOY SAUCE, FISH SAUCE, NATA DE COCO

INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY DISTELLERY, MICROBIAL ENZYMES FOR DETERGENT AND LEATHER INDUSTRY

MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY CONVENTIONAL VACCINES, DIGESTIVE AIDS, HERBAL MEDICINE ETC

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPOSTING, MICROBIAL WASTE TREATMENT

USE RELATIVELY NEWLY DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGY LIKE TISSUE CULTURE, SUB UNIT VACCINES, DNA

BASED DIAGNOTICS, BIOREMEDIATION, MOLECULAR FORENSICS, NEWLY DEVELOPED MEDICAL

PROCEDURES LIKE XENOTRANSPLANTATION , STEM CELL RESEARCH ETC.

USE OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY GENETIC ENGINEERING OF LIVING ORGANISMS TO CREATE

PRODUCTS USEFUL TO MAN

mRNA protein trait

transcription

translationrRNAtRNA

PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE Lipid Cell inclusion

Fatty acids Lipopolysaccharide

Cell ennvelope Cell membrane Sugars Glycogen Membranes of cell

organelles

Flagella Murein Amino acids

Pili Cytoplasm

Protein ribosome Cytosol RNA Polyriibosome Nucleus Nucleotides Chromosomes

DNA Nucleoid

Precursor metabolit

es

Metabolic energy

Reducing power

C 1 units

Glycolysis

TCAETS

Fueling Biosynthethic Polymerization Assembly Rxn Rxn

Restriction Enzyme

Plasmid DNA

(Vector)

RE

RE

DNA from donor organism

The host cells that take up the recombinant

DNA are called transformed cells or recombinant bacteria

or a GM bacteria.

The protein product encoded by the cloned gene or the insert is produced by the host cell.

Plant tissue culture

+

+

Bacteria carrying Ti plasmid with gene of interest

=GMO BIOLISTIC

mRNA

Bt Protein toxic to corn borer is produced by cornBt gene in

corn plant cells

corn plantbecomesresistantto cornborer