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«(Big) Data for Env. Monitoring, Public Health and Verifiable
Risk Assessments- New technologies with innovative handling
with data gaps»
1. Five Cases of big handling in the past (1854), 2. State-of-the-art uses, 3. The prospects ahead.
Andreas N. Skouloudis [email protected]
Mapping example of near (real)-time process
• Cartography identified the origins of the cholera during the London Broad Street epidemic in 1854.
• The containment of the epidemic was effective when the water pump was sealed at the Soho Broad Street.
Long-term temporal Hazards
Short-term acute events
Pre and Post tsunami image 26 Dec 2004 at the Malacca village.
Dr RAMESH C DHIMAN National Institute of Malaria Research
Short-term very acute events
Pre and Post Fukushima tsunami images 11 Mar 2011
http://wn.com/fukushima_before_and_after_explosions_satellite_photos
Future needs involve Several Disciplines (health)
2d AutoOil Programme
1. Select modelling periods for annual mean and episodes;
2. Input data on land use, topography, meteorology (multi-layer), and emissions
(PiG) in order to characterise each modelling domain;
3. Definition of three dimensional wind patterns using meteorological models with
two-way nesting;
4. Calculation of concentrations of different pollutants using full photochemistry;
5. Validation of the modelling results;
6. Adjustment of 1995 emission inventories to 2010;
7. Simulation runs for 2010 and comparison with objectives;
8. Development of emission reduction targets and simplified emission/air quality
relationships (source apportionment);
9. Investigation of alternative emission scenarios (sensitivity tests);
10. Generalisation for all cities in the 10 domains
(1065 towns, or 46% of EU15 urban population or 27% of all EU25 pop).
Actual measurements in 2010
BIG Data analysed 91,980,000 hourly records (2years*365days*24hours*5species*1050geo-locations)
Environmental Monitoring …
• Satellite and UAVs for
covered areas:
High resolution of affected areas.
High revisit periods are essential.
• In-situ climate sensors:
Real-time datasets compact (weather) stations.
Not rely only on synoptic observations.
Climate advancements
Examples … 1. GISS ModelE2. 2. Ron L. Miller et.al. measurements since 1850 AGU at the
J. of Advances in Modelling Earth Systems.
Big data for regulatory applications
• Real-time 10min met data
Examples … 1. Eliminate the use/uncertainity of questionnaires. 2. Harmonize highly heterogeneous data, fill data gaps
and verification of population effects. 3. Deal with questions of society and ethics.
• Personal activity data
Population density maps from mob telephones
Francesco Pantisano EUR Report 27361 and http://opencellid.org
… sensors and underwater robots
•…divers collect and sending samples back to the lab to
be tested,
•This FP7 robot makes this process real-time with
chemical sensors that makes these tests in-situ.
•…3000 buoys deployed at seas for conventional data
(GEOSS)
… sensors for citizen needs TrackR
• …ideal for practical applications but,
• Essential for real-time security and
vital intervention in emergencies in-
situ (earthquakes).
Final remarks Areas and Specific Efforts • Environmental monitoring per sec has
consequences for proliferation of data and for pushing research to a new generation of tools;
• There is always a temporal lag in integrating layers of information for environmental monitoring & health and this can effect cumulative population exposure;
• Regulatory applications can significantly advance in
combination with new monitoring tools (telematic use, citizens, traffic counts, RS etc);
• Big data are already available for several areas applications and for assessing specific occupational hazards. It is the handling that redressing.
• Big data are useless if not aiming to resolve
problems that remain unsolved until now.
