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by Cristina Gonzalez-Longo (University of Strathclyde, Department of Architecture, ADCRU). Presentation given at the DEDICATE final seminar (University of Glasgow, 21st October 2013)
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Beyond Built Heritage Documentation: digital applications needs
for research and conservation
Cristina Gonzalez-Longo RIBA SCA RIAS AFHE Architectural Design and Conservation Research Unit (ADCRU)
DEDICATE- Glasgow 21 October 2013
Building capacity in Architectural Research, Design and Conservation: MSc in Architectural Design for the Conservation of Built Heritage (ADCoBH) starting in 2014 Architectural Design and Conservation Research Unit (ADCRU) Two fully funded PhD students and Six 4th year dissertations Research-informed practice
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH Existing and new data
Researchers • Lack of digital literacy- large scale use of architectural and art
historical digital data is at the moment severely hindered by generational as well as technical issues: incompatibilities, multiple formats, specifications and a lack of shared vocabularies
• “Treasure hunt’: some researchers place the scope of the research
in finding new, unknown, documents rather than to use the documents to bring new knowledge and to use also the buildings as source of information, analysis and interpretation.
• There is more search for the “new unknown” rather that consultation of “old known” documents and the buildings
Archives • Separation of documents and drawings (different
conservation needs)
• Ownership
• Impossibility to reproduce and/or high cost
• Poor conservation (specially 17th c), documents partially
damaged
• Geographical location
• Poor digital repositories, limited visibility: CANNOT LOOK IN DETAIL / MULTIPLE DOCUMENTS / PARTIAL ACCESS
Owners • Lack understanding about the importance of the material they own
• Cost
SLIDES!
NEED TO INTERROGATE DATA BASES
Layers Artist, craftsmen, materials
Masons
People
Comparisons Influences
Not just buildings: Landscape, decoration, objects, books, memorabilia….
Hamilton Palace (1682, 1693-1701) Demolished in 1929
http://hamilton.rcahms.gov.uk/
http://hamilton.rcahms.gov.uk/
http://www.scran.ac.uk/
http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/
ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
ARCHITECT’S NEED FOR DIGITAL CURATION OF THEIR WORK • Publicity, awards, reference for future projects • Architects are legally required to keep project records and drawings
as claims can arise many years after the completion of a project . • Most claims occur in the first ten years following completion, but
data may need to be kept for as long as 20 years after the date of the certificate of making good defects. If documents are being retained electronically material can be destroyed 10 years after the date of practical completion.
• The architect has to conduct a risk assessment against the costs of
archiving the material. Any filing system should take the ease of retrieval into account.
CONSERVATION PROJECT
• Preliminary Investigations and Research
• Analysis and Diagnosis
• Architectural Design Project
• Site Works
• Maintenance
Preliminary Investigations and Research
Preliminary HISTORICAL and ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH should inform interventions on valuable buildings, including research on construction history
SURVEY, ANALYSIS and identification of the CAUSES OF DECAY
Structural and material investigations Preferably NON-DESTRUCTIVE techniques 3D scan, ultrasonic, X-ray, thermography, etc
http://www.irtsurveys.co.uk AOC Archaeology Group
Keep photographic/scan RECORDS of works and
findings, to be kept by building owner and user
These data helps to establish clearly the PROCEDURE and TIMETABLE for regular maintenance.
It relies on the skill of the individual user to pull all the information together, often in a very rudimentary way, which cannot be transferred to others No time and money in projects to comprehensibly record and curate
The construction industry is new-build orientated rather than conservation
This must change!
50% of costruction work is in refubishment/conservation 85% of today’s buildings will form 70% of the building stock in 2050
http://www.ribaplanofwork.com/
‘Digital Built Britain’ network “products that could talk digitally to each other” ‘Digital Conserved Britain’….? Information about the architecture and construction of existing buildings will also contribute to energy efficiency and carbon reduction.
http://www.riba-insight.com/
http://www.architecture.com/
CREATIVE v STANDARD Concerns about design quality LACK OF DIGITAL TRAINING EARLY ON IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM COST
http://www.gsconnect.co.uk
CIC regional BIM Hubs – Task group Scotland “To develop the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the Scottish built environment and to demonstrate the benefits that can be achieved through knowledge sharing, collaboration and best practice guidance” COBie CIC Building Information Modelling (BIM) Protocol 2013 requirement for the role of Information Manager engaged by the Employer
http://www.bimtaskgroup.org
Outreach
http://www.bimtaskgroup.org
http://www.3d-coform.eu/
http://www.3d-coform.eu/
Although we understand now the close relationship between immovable-movable and tangible-intangible built cultural heritage, existing research and conservation practices do not support this theoretical framework
Very positive impact of: “The Care and Conservation of Georgian Houses” in Edinburgh (or, internationally, “Manuale di recupero della Cittá di Roma”) They can be updated, considering also modern means to disseminate information, like interactive tools and modelling From the ‘Manual’ to the handling of big data
NEED TO EASILY SEARCH, LINK AND MANIPULATE DATA
Democratisation of data
Common ‘language’
Digital citizens
Integration
Interactive
Simplicity
Clarity
Design a new accessible digital platform which will allow for an integrated knowledge and analysis of buildings and architectural collections from around the world.
A common digital environment with large 3D and image linking and enhancing capabilities: architectural, artistic, technical and scientific data relating to a single building
Drawn on established research and techniques from a variety of disciplines, with a convergence of Arts and Humanities with Technical disciplines.
Able to document and analyse historical techniques through extremely accurate visual capabilities
This can also lead to new attributions, finding comparative objects/fabrics, which will inform research (dating, traces of previous conservation, etc) and conservation.
Cristina Gonzalez-Longo
www.cglarchitect.com
“Collaboration, scholarship and sweat” Prof Charles McKean