Ballard Engineering Services

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Commercial Confidential

Technology Solutions

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Commercial ConfidentialCommercial Confidential

Ballard Power Systems

• Ballard is the global leader in clean energy proton exchange membrane (“PEM”) fuel cell products and services … design, manufacturing & deployment

o Telecom Backup Power 2,700+ systems … 11MW’s of power

o Material Handling 6,000 stacks … 100M hours of runtime

o Technology Solutions C$60‐100M contract with Volkswagen

o IP Licensing power module assembly for buses in China

• 400 employees

o HQ in Vancouver, Canada

o Product Engineering in Vancouver, Bend, Oregon & Denmark

o Manufacturing in Vancouver & Mexico

Ballard HQ facility –Vancouver, B.C., Canada

Key Customers

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Corporate Transformation

2007

2009

2015

The future builds on commercial and development stage markets and Engineering services for a wider range of industries and partners, including automotive

Considerable fuel cell R & D effort focused on automotive requirements

• Extensive development of PEM fuel cell intellectual property (IP)

• Leading fundamental ‘know‐how’ acquired in key areas: fuel cell stack operation; system integration; as well as fuel processing

Clean energy fuel cell products enabling optimized power products for a range of commercial applications

• Shift of strategic focus to fuel cell products for commercial applications

• Corporate cost base re‐set

• Telecom Backup Power

• Material Handling

Development Stage Products

Power Products


• Engineering Services

• IP Licensing

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Ballard Competitive Advantage

• Sustainable leadership position in technology & product development

• Long history with automotive industry

o 4 major automotive development programs

o Supplier to more than 10 small automotive fleets

• Significant R&D work over past 15 years

o $1B+ investment in development

• Extensive patents portfolio and license rights to patents owned by Daimler, Ford & IdaTech

• Strategic partnership with UTC enables joint exploration of IP licensing & Technology Solutions opportunities

o UTC maintains ongoing commitment to fuel cells through the alliance and

receives a portion of licensing revenue

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Business Overview

• Meet the power needs of customers through delivery of high value, clean energy products that reduce customer costs and risks

Power Products

• Help customers solve difficult technical and business challenges in their fuel cell and electrolyzer programs


• Telecom Backup Power• Material Handling• Bus• Distributed Generation

• Automotive• Non‐automotive

o Aerospaceo Militaryo Railway

Mandate Markets

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Fuel Cell Stacks

• 500W‐2kW• Up to 8k hrs

• 2‐8kW• Up to 30k hrs

• 4‐20kW• Up to 12k hrs

• 100kW• > 10k hrs

Fuel Cell Modules

Complete Fuel Cell Systems

Ballard Fuel Cell Product Portfolio

• 75‐150kW• Up to 20k hours

• Multi‐MW power

• 2kW & 5kW • Direct hydrogen

• Indoor (rack‐mountable) & outdoor use

• 2.5kW & 5kW • Methanol fuelled• Outdoor use

• 100 kW• Up to 20k hours

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Ballard Fuel Cell Products in the Field

Thousands of installed telecom systems

+50 fuel cell buses operating

Thousands of fork lift trucks operating

+300 fuel cell cars operating

Smarter Solutions for a Clean Energy Future Ballard Confidential Information 7

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Experienced Automotive Fuel Cell Supplier

• Ballard has supplied >500 fuel cell products and 1,000s of engineering hours providing Technology Solutions to 8 of the top automotive companies

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Commercial Confidential


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Scope of Technology Solutions

Customized Engineering Services solutions offered for all stages of development:

Reference Systems

Applications Engineering

Predictive Simulation &

Modeling

Fuel Cell Testing Services and Test Stations

Product Development

Failure Diagnosis and

Analysis

Prototype Manufacturing

EARLY TECHNOLOGY EXPLORATION MATURE PROGRAMS

Licensing & Technology

Transfer

ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT

• High‐value Engineering Services for accelerating fuel cell development programs

o Pathway for aligning fuel cell product development with Ballard’s technologies

o Problem solving through leveraging Ballard’s broad technical expertise

o Avenue for exploring Ballard’s extensive patent portfolio for licensing

• Driving long‐term product opportunities

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Early Technology Exploration

Reference SystemsEngineering and Integration

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Engineering Reference Systems

• Reference systems accelerate system integration and developmento Includes fuel cell engine with key BOP components

o Suitable for hybridization with capacitor and/or battery

Humidification

Coolant Flow and Temperature Control

Hydrogen Recirculation

Air Supply

ControlsStack

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System Engineering and Integration

• Support systems development, stack integration and operating assessments o Supported OEMs to develop over 50 different FC products

• Guidance for product selection and system design through remote and on‐site support

• Evaluating tradeoffs at stack/system‐level• Troubleshooting during design process• Material and component selection & sourcing• Codes, standards & certification

• Evaluating tradeoffs at stack/system‐level• Troubleshooting during design process• Material and component selection & sourcing• Codes, standards & certification

Applications, service and systems engineers with expertise in:

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Advanced Development

Product DevelopmentFuel Cell Testing Services

Test Stations

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Product Development

Bi‐polar plate design

CCM Development

Fluid & Thermal Models

• Product design & research of components, fuel cell stacks and complete systems

• Ability to combine membrane, catalyst and ionomers from various supplierso Work with existing supply chain to bring the right materials

together from multiple suppliers

• Stack and system modeling & design• Component design & prototyping services• Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design & manufacturing• Catalyst coated membrane (CCM) design & manufacturing• Single electrode design & manufacturing• Design for manufacturing

• Stack and system modeling & design• Component design & prototyping services• Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design & manufacturing• Catalyst coated membrane (CCM) design & manufacturing• Single electrode design & manufacturing• Design for manufacturing

Services for fuel cell product development

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Fuel Cell Stack Development

• > 10 application‐specific stack designs

• Stack development experience for a range of applications:o Several watts to multi‐MW

o Stationary and Motive applications

o Pure hydrogen and reformate fuel stacks

• Testing and design experience from existing platforms• Models for design optimizations – performance, fluid,

thermal, structural, durability• Ex‐situ testing techniques for characterization• Integrate prototype or product‐ready components• Design for manufacturing

• Testing and design experience from existing platforms• Models for design optimizations – performance, fluid,

thermal, structural, durability• Ex‐situ testing techniques for characterization• Integrate prototype or product‐ready components• Design for manufacturing

Delivering custom stack solutions

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Control System Development

• Experience with controls developmento System products have integrated controls

• Off‐the‐shelf embedded controller

• Custom board design

o Software development completed internally

• Test station controls and data acquisition are done in‐house

o LabView‐based control software

• Interface to other systems and controllers, including CAN‐bus, serial

• Process tuning & optimization• Control algorithm specification and implementation• Stationary and motive applications

• Interface to other systems and controllers, including CAN‐bus, serial

• Process tuning & optimization• Control algorithm specification and implementation• Stationary and motive applications

Systems and controls engineers have expertise in:

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Fuel Cell Testing

• State‐of‐the‐art fuel cell testing facilityo Collect 400,000+ hours annually

o 24/7 operation, simulate real duty cycles

o Test station capacity < 100 W to 333 kW

• 60+ automated test stations and specialized test tools

o Environmental: 10 temperature and humidity chambers

o Stack diagnostics: Current mapping, reference electrodes, water management, freeze protocols, SEM

o Accelerated stress tests (AST): Membrane durability, cell reversal tolerance, voltage cycling, start‐up/shutdown, ice tolerance

Current Map

Test Facility• Component‐, stack‐ and system‐level testing• Standard and accelerated testing methods• Custom diagnostic tests

• Component‐, stack‐ and system‐level testing• Standard and accelerated testing methods• Custom diagnostic tests

Develop and execute custom testing programs

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Test Stations and Customer Facilities

• Expertise in facilities and test equipment design and supply

o Clean rooms, test labs, production facilities

o Standard and custom testing equipment

• Equipment and services are supplied to customers such as VW, AFCC, Daimler

Ballard Test Stand with Cold Chamber

Ballard Clean Room

Clean Room Humidity Control

• Test stations from multiple watts to megawatts• Automated testing features – dynamic drive cycling,

custom performance/durability test protocols

• Test stations from multiple watts to megawatts• Automated testing features – dynamic drive cycling,

custom performance/durability test protocols

Custom test stations

• Hydrogen infrastructure and safety• Lab and test facility layout and design• Fuel cell system assembly and plant layout

• Hydrogen infrastructure and safety• Lab and test facility layout and design• Fuel cell system assembly and plant layout

Facility consultation services

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Mature Programs

Prototype ManufacturingLicensing

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State‐of‐the‐Art Manufacturing

• High volume manufacturing and prototyping equipmento Robotics, liquid injection molding and roll‐to‐roll processingo Proven yields in excess of 99%o SPC run charts Full traceability on raw materials

• For key customers Ballard offers custom development, including:o Framed, sealed or unframed MEAso CCM (various configurations and applications)o Reference electrodeso Engineering support and failure analysis for integration

• Develop custom components to customer specifications or provide off‐the‐shelf componentso Leverage Ballard or customer component technologyo Collaborate on component development and bring advanced technology to the tableo Ability to combine various membrane, catalyst and ionomers

Framed MEA & plateCatalyst Layer Coating

Stack Assembly

MEA Assembly

•Membrane coating•Catalyst ink mixing & composition to meet specifications•MEA framing and liquid injection sealing•Plate sealing

•Membrane coating•Catalyst ink mixing & composition to meet specifications•MEA framing and liquid injection sealing•Plate sealing

Internal fabrication of custom components

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590

246

132160

196

95 106

175

Fuel CellSystem

FuelReforming

Balance ofPlant

Fuel CellStack

Plates Electrodes MEA &Sealing

Catalyst &Membrane

Patent Portfolio & Know‐How

Key technology advancements• Unique system control strategies for

start/stop and voltage clipping

• Continuous innovations related to flow field plate with flow guide

• Component technologies enabling low RH, low catalyst loaded MEAs

• Advanced sealing designs for extended lifetime operation

• ‘Freeze’ technology, enabling rapid start‐up at low temperature

• Unique water management, eliminates need for humidifiers and enables 5,000+ operational hours

• Ballard’s IP portfolio consists of ~200 patents/applications with access to ~1,500 patents/applicationso System, stack, and component‐level designo Membrane, electrode, catalyst and materialso System and stack operation and control

Trade secrets and know‐how are centered on predictive design methods, accelerated test methods, CCM and MEA manufacturing processes

SYSTEM STACK COMPONENTS & MATERIALS

Ballard Patents and Accessible Patent Portfolio

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Summary

• Ballard has a long history of leadership in fuel cell stack development and supply

• Technology Solutions offers a cooperative model to partners for accelerating fuel cell development programs and builds the foundation for long term partnerships

• Component prototyping and high volume production leverage existing manufacturing infrastructure

• Our technology development activities position us well to work with partners to jointly develop products for all applications