EExisting and future tourism xisting and future tourism potential and the potential and the

geographical basis of geographical basis of thematicthematic routes in S routes in South outh TTransdanubia, ransdanubia, HHungaryungary

Csapó, J., PhDCsapó, J., PhD – Berki, M.– Berki, M.University of Pécs – Faculty of University of Pécs – Faculty of

SciencesSciencesInstitute of Geography – Department Institute of Geography – Department

of Tourismof Tourism

1. The concept and 1. The concept and definition of the thematic definition of the thematic

routesroutes Complex concept (from the 1980s)Complex concept (from the 1980s)

The direction of the tourism supply The direction of the tourism supply development development moved towards thematic moved towards thematic supplies in the 1980ssupplies in the 1980s first in Western-Europe, in the United first in Western-Europe, in the United

States of America and in Australia, States of America and in Australia, then in the second part of the decade in then in the second part of the decade in

East Central Europe and other regions as East Central Europe and other regions as wellwell

The thematic routes The thematic routes (definition)(definition) are such tourism products which row are such tourism products which row

up natural or man made attractions up natural or man made attractions accessible by different transport accessible by different transport forms around a chosen topic or themeforms around a chosen topic or theme..

When developing thematic routes, When developing thematic routes, the the more increased application of the given more increased application of the given attractions is a general aimattractions is a general aim due to which due to which this supply will be more strongly taking this supply will be more strongly taking part in the tourism of the given region and part in the tourism of the given region and area. area.

The forming of the thematic routes can be The forming of the thematic routes can be reckoned among the methods of the reckoned among the methods of the thematic supply developmentthematic supply development so the foundation of the thematic parks, so the foundation of the thematic parks, or the destination supply development of the close or the destination supply development of the close

sense.sense.

In recent years In recent years the number of the thematic the number of the thematic

routesroutes multiplied, while the multiplied, while the forms of the forms of the cooperationcooperation were transformed as well. were transformed as well. The earlier loose networks make their co-The earlier loose networks make their co-

operation system increasingly stronger, their operation system increasingly stronger, their activity can be characterised by a long-term co-activity can be characterised by a long-term co-ordination practice. ordination practice.

We keep count on the We keep count on the benefits side benefits side of thematicof thematic routeroute creation that creation that

1.1. They can be realised with a They can be realised with a relatively relatively small investmentsmall investment, ,

2.2. Are able to Are able to diverse the tourism demanddiverse the tourism demand both timely and spatiallyboth timely and spatially (against (against seasonality)seasonality),,

3.3. They are able to They are able to utilize unexploitedutilize unexploited (tourism) (tourism) resourcesresources,,

4.4. A new A new demand groupdemand group can be captivated can be captivated to the given attraction.to the given attraction.

Seasonality Seasonality

ForrásForrás: : www.itthon.hu

Apart from the above mentionedApart from the above mentioned,, we we may interpret as may interpret as an additional an additional positive economic effectpositive economic effect

1.1. TThe he motivationmotivation of the enterprises among of the enterprises among local residents,local residents,

2.2. SSupport of investments, and upport of investments, and developmentdevelopment concerning buildings, concerning buildings, infrastructure and human resources,infrastructure and human resources,

3.3. TThe he settling down of related servicessettling down of related services, , which can also be used by the local which can also be used by the local residents,residents,

4.4. TThe effect of the he effect of the income increaseincome increase due to due to the increasing tourism flow,the increasing tourism flow,

5.5. and as a result of the above mentioned and as a result of the above mentioned workplace creation.workplace creation.

2. Geographical basics in 2. Geographical basics in forming of thematic routesforming of thematic routes

The role of an attraction structure in The role of an attraction structure in forming the thematic routesforming the thematic routes One of the key factors in forming a thematic One of the key factors in forming a thematic

route is the route is the given area’s attraction structuregiven area’s attraction structure.. The development of the attraction structure The development of the attraction structure

depends on the depends on the external and internal factorsexternal and internal factors.. The features of the The features of the geographical–natural–geographical–natural–

social–economic–infrastructural–environment social–economic–infrastructural–environment effectseffects basically affect the appearance and basically affect the appearance and structure of the tourism attractions. structure of the tourism attractions.

Thematic routes based on the Thematic routes based on the geographical actuation zonegeographical actuation zone WWe can distinguish e can distinguish

local/settlement, local/settlement, regional, regional, national national and international routesand international routes..

The The actuation zoneactuation zone of the attractions of the attractions determine the actuation zone of the determine the actuation zone of the thematic route as well thematic route as well but the decisive factor is the reputation and but the decisive factor is the reputation and

appeal of the central site. appeal of the central site.

Thematic routes by their itineraryThematic routes by their itinerary The thematic routes can be built The thematic routes can be built on on

existing, concrete roadsexisting, concrete roads or or on an on an itineraryitinerary created artificially by a created artificially by a thematic route in order to connect the thematic route in order to connect the attractions. attractions.

Thematic Routes on the Low Thematic Routes on the Low Hierarchy LevelHierarchy Level These routes are characterised by either only These routes are characterised by either only

marketing functions or they are in the first marketing functions or they are in the first phase of co-operation. phase of co-operation.

The Castle Road Association (Kastélyút The Castle Road Association (Kastélyút Egyesület) Egyesület)

architectural heritage of northwest Transdanubiaarchitectural heritage of northwest Transdanubia Kálvária (Way of the cross) thematic route Kálvária (Way of the cross) thematic route

sticking together the important religious sites of sticking together the important religious sites of Western TransdanubiaWestern Transdanubia

WWine routes of Hungaryine routes of Hungary NNortheast region of Hungaryortheast region of Hungary

These “initial” routes are connected toThese “initial” routes are connected to industrial industrial heritage heritage

(the route of iron culture), (the route of iron culture), architectural heritage (Baroque route) architectural heritage (Baroque route) or wine regions (Mátra, Eger, Bükkalja, Tokaj-or wine regions (Mátra, Eger, Bükkalja, Tokaj-

Hegyalja). Hegyalja).

3. Hungarian examples3. Hungarian examples

Standardised Thematic Routes Standardised Thematic Routes on High Level of Hierarchy with on High Level of Hierarchy with Common Image Presenting Common Image Presenting International Co-OperationInternational Co-Operation The Heritage Tour projectThe Heritage Tour project

This international project on This international project on cultural cultural thematic route development in rural areasthematic route development in rural areas is co-financed by the European Union within is co-financed by the European Union within the INTERREG IIIB CADSES Programme.the INTERREG IIIB CADSES Programme.

The project’s “main objective is the The project’s “main objective is the protection, thematic organisation and protection, thematic organisation and promotion of local cultural heritage in promotion of local cultural heritage in remote/rural/mountainous/border areas in remote/rural/mountainous/border areas in forms of regional and transnational cultural forms of regional and transnational cultural routes. routes.

Source: www.deldunantul.com

Map of South TransdanubiaMap of South Transdanubia

Tourism Tourism destinationsdestinations of South of South TransdanubiaTransdanubia

I. Dunamente; II. Drávamente; III. „Kis-Somogyország”; IV. Kapos-völgy; V. Zselic; VI. Mecsek; VII. Pécs; VIII. Harkány-Siklós-Villány

Source: Aubert A. 2007

4. 4. Tourism potential and Tourism potential and features of thematic routes in features of thematic routes in

South TransdanubiaSouth Transdanubia AAdvantageous conditionsdvantageous conditions to the thematic to the thematic

based tourism developments. based tourism developments. articulated reliefarticulated relief, , diverse landscape diverse landscape (Mecsek (Mecsek

Mountains, Villányi Mountains)Mountains, Villányi Mountains) and the multiple ethnic backgroundand the multiple ethnic background (German, (German,

Croatian, Roma etc.)Croatian, Roma etc.) WeWe have to highlight the high level of have to highlight the high level of

wine culture characteristicwine culture characteristic to the region to the region IIts ts cultural valuescultural values provide a chance for a provide a chance for a

so called so called linear attraction developmentlinear attraction development very much favoured in tourism.very much favoured in tourism. Such a location of attractions offers the linear Such a location of attractions offers the linear

bound of tourism attractions bound of tourism attractions

Number of natural, cultural and special Number of natural, cultural and special attractions in South Transdanubiaattractions in South Transdanubia

(attraction survey)(attraction survey)

Wine Routes in South Wine Routes in South Transdanubia Transdanubia

Villány-Siklósi Villány-Siklósi wine routewine route

Szekszárdi wine Szekszárdi wine routeroute

Tolnai wine routeTolnai wine route Mohács-Bólyi wine Mohács-Bólyi wine

routeroute

The possibility of the South The possibility of the South Transdanubian limes section to Transdanubian limes section to

become a thematic routebecome a thematic route

The German The German LimesLimes

Tourism core areas of the South-Transdanubian Region

Source: DDRFU, 2007

Tourism Tourism destinationsdestinations of South of South TransdanubiaTransdanubia

I. Dunamente; II. Drávamente; III. „Kis-Somogyország”; IV. Kapos-völgy; V. Zselic; VI. Mecsek; VII. Pécs; VIII. Harkány-Siklós-Villány

Source: Aubert A. 2007

SummarySummary

In Hungary, in developing thematic In Hungary, in developing thematic locations we find more often locations we find more often thematic routes.thematic routes. In the product development they In the product development they

possess possess the lower level of hierarchythe lower level of hierarchy since they only collect the attractions with since they only collect the attractions with

the same features at the given regional the same features at the given regional level. level.

Their market value is represented by Their market value is represented by brochures and publications. brochures and publications.

On the contrary, based on international On the contrary, based on international case studies and examples, case studies and examples, we can we can observe well functioning, factual tourism observe well functioning, factual tourism productsproducts. .

The Hungarian regional locations could The Hungarian regional locations could adapt and utilise their functional adapt and utilise their functional methods as a methods as a benchmarkbenchmark. .

Just like on the international scene, the Just like on the international scene, the emphasis is emphasis is on cultural attractionson cultural attractions in in South Transdanubia as well – South Transdanubia as well – complemented with complemented with wine routeswine routes and and gastronomygastronomy – promoting the creation of – promoting the creation of a new – natural and cultural heritage a new – natural and cultural heritage based – image.based – image.

Thank you very much for Thank you very much for your kind attention !your kind attention !

ReferencesReferences Aubert, A. – Csapó, J. (2002): Aubert, A. – Csapó, J. (2002): Unique Features of the Tourist Attractions in Hungary’s Historical Small Unique Features of the Tourist Attractions in Hungary’s Historical Small

CitiesCities. In.: Settlement Dynamics and Its Spatial Impacts Siedlungsdynamik und Ihre Räumliche Wirkungen. . In.: Settlement Dynamics and Its Spatial Impacts Siedlungsdynamik und Ihre Räumliche Wirkungen. Ed.: Antal Aubert – János Csapó. University of Pécs Department of Tourism, Pécs. pp. 137-147. Ed.: Antal Aubert – János Csapó. University of Pécs Department of Tourism, Pécs. pp. 137-147.

Aubert, A.– Berki, M. (2007): Aubert, A.– Berki, M. (2007): A nemzetközi és a hazai turizmus területi folyamatai, piaci tendenciái a A nemzetközi és a hazai turizmus területi folyamatai, piaci tendenciái a globalizáció korábanglobalizáció korában. In: Földrajzi Közlemények CXXXI./LV. kötet, 3. szám, pp. 119–133.. In: Földrajzi Közlemények CXXXI./LV. kötet, 3. szám, pp. 119–133.

Berki, M. Berki, M. – – Csapó, J. (2006): Csapó, J. (2006): Comparative Analysis of Competitiveness in the Major Cultural Cities of Comparative Analysis of Competitiveness in the Major Cultural Cities of HungaryHungary. In.: Arbeitsmaterialen zur Raumordnung und Raumplanung. Heft 243. Stadt und Region Pécs. . In.: Arbeitsmaterialen zur Raumordnung und Raumplanung. Heft 243. Stadt und Region Pécs. Universität Bayreuth. pp. 49-65.Universität Bayreuth. pp. 49-65.

Berki M.–Szabó G. 2008: Berki M.–Szabó G. 2008: A limes turisztikai célú hasznosításának lehetőségei. A limes turisztikai célú hasznosításának lehetőségei. In: Modern Geográfia. 2008. In: Modern Geográfia. 2008. www.moderngeografia.huwww.moderngeografia.hu

Christie, M. – Matthews, J. (2003): Christie, M. – Matthews, J. (2003): The Economic and Social Value of Walking in Rural EnglandThe Economic and Social Value of Walking in Rural England. Report for . Report for the Ramblers’ Association. 27 p. the Ramblers’ Association. 27 p.

DDRFÜ (2006):DDRFÜ (2006): Dél-Dunántúli Turisztikai Régió Turizmusfejlesztési Stratégiája. Dél-Dunántúli Turisztikai Régió Turizmusfejlesztési Stratégiája. www.deldunantul.comwww.deldunantul.com 119 119 p.p.

Gyenizse P. (2000): Gyenizse P. (2000): A természeti adottságok szerepe néhány Dél-baranyai település kialakulásában és A természeti adottságok szerepe néhány Dél-baranyai település kialakulásában és fejlődésébenfejlődésében. In: Területfejlesztés-regionális kutatások, PTE FI, Pécs, pp. 93-101.. In: Területfejlesztés-regionális kutatások, PTE FI, Pécs, pp. 93-101.

Gyenizse P. (2008): Gyenizse P. (2008): Pécs településfejlődésére ható természeti és társadalmi hatások vizsgálata Pécs településfejlődésére ható természeti és társadalmi hatások vizsgálata térinformatikai módszerekkeltérinformatikai módszerekkel. Közlésre elfogadva a Geographia Pannonica Nova könyvsorozatba, PTE TTK . Közlésre elfogadva a Geographia Pannonica Nova könyvsorozatba, PTE TTK FI, Pécs.FI, Pécs.

Gyenizse, P. – Nagyváradi, L. – Pirkhoffer. E.Gyenizse, P. – Nagyváradi, L. – Pirkhoffer. E. (2006): (2006): Evaluation of the settlement in Tolna CountyEvaluation of the settlement in Tolna County. In: N. Pap . In: N. Pap (ed.): Tolna – a rural area in Central-Europe, Lomart kiadó, Pécs, pp. 83-97.(ed.): Tolna – a rural area in Central-Europe, Lomart kiadó, Pécs, pp. 83-97.

Máté A. (2007): Máté A. (2007): A „Pannon Borrégió” borútjainak összehasonlító értékeléseA „Pannon Borrégió” borútjainak összehasonlító értékelése. . In: Modern Geográfia. 2007/4. In: Modern Geográfia. 2007/4. http://www.moderngeografia.hu/tanulmanyok/magyar_turizmus/mate_andrea_2007_4.pdfhttp://www.moderngeografia.hu/tanulmanyok/magyar_turizmus/mate_andrea_2007_4.pdf

Puczkó, L. – Rátz, T. (2000): Puczkó, L. – Rátz, T. (2000): Az attrakciótól az élményig. Az attrakciótól az élményig. A látogatómenedzsment módszereiA látogatómenedzsment módszerei. Geomédia, . Geomédia, Budapest. 399 p.Budapest. 399 p.

Rátz, T. – Puczkó, L. (2002): Rátz, T. – Puczkó, L. (2002): Goethe, Humbert és Odüsszeusz nyomában, avagy kulturális utak a Goethe, Humbert és Odüsszeusz nyomában, avagy kulturális utak a turizmusban.turizmusban. Turizmus Bulletin 2002/3. sz. Turizmus Bulletin 2002/3. sz.

Websites: Websites: (Last access 2008-08-20)(Last access 2008-08-20) European Institute of Cultural Routes European Institute of Cultural Routes http://www.culture-routes.lu/php/fo_index.php?lnghttp://www.culture-routes.lu/php/fo_index.php?lng=en=en HeriTour HeriTour http://http://project.heritour.comproject.heritour.com// http://www.kastelyut.hu/hu/ http://www.kastelyut.hu/hu/ http://www.palocut.hu http://www.palocut.hu The Kálvária thematic route The Kálvária thematic route www.kalvaria.info.huwww.kalvaria.info.hu www.nordtour.hu www.nordtour.hu www.villany.huwww.villany.hu