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Evaluation of glyphosate loss from a maize traited fieldLa Jaillière : french experimental site
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Evaluation of glyphosate loss from a maize traited field
La Jaillière : french experimental siteLa Jaillière : french experimental site
Benoît Réal, Julie Maillet-Mezeray
Brussels march 23th 2010
Experimental plots
La Jaillière
Representative of the western part of France
11 plots with different rotations but no repetition
Non-drained Plot
Drained Plot
Recording Station
Runoff Collectors
Ditch
Grass buffer strip
11 plots with different rotations but no repetition
Surface of the plots : 0.5 to 1 ha
Type of soil : hydromorphic loam with 22 % of clay and 2.2 % of organic matter
Substratum : schist at 0.80 depth m
Annual average rainfall: 750 mm
Annual average quantity of water drained : 220 mm
⇒More than 15 000 datas concerning 68 active ingredients⇒770 datas on glyphosate and AMPA
Datas collection
Flow
Rain water
Water from drainage and run off
Sunshine
Temperature
Practices : Applications (dates, doses)
Soil Surface
Solar Panel
Data Acquisition Unit
Runoff / Drainage water Inlet
Flow meter
Waste
Automatic Sampler
Practices : Applications (dates, doses)
Experimental trials on glyphosate.Round up Ready use simulations
3 plots
3 drained, 3 with run off,
2 ploughing, 1 no tillage
Years of study: 4
Application period: June
No GM maizeNo GM maize
Special sprayer
Evolution of concentrations of glyphosate, AMPA and drained water quantity.
Draining water. Plot T7 (drainage / ploughing)
19/03/2009
720 g/ha
04/06/2009
1215 g/ha
19/06/2009
1215 g/ha
13/06/2008 1080 g/ha
26/06/2008 1080 g/ha
04/04/2006 720 g/ha
01/06/2006 1080 g/ha
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha10/03/200406/03/2002
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
mm
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
µg/l
RR practicesDuring drainage
Just after drainage
No drainage
31/03/2005 720 g/ha
03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
10/03/2004
720 g/ha
06/03/2002
720 g/ha
0
5
10
15
20
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Lame d'eau (mm) Application C glyphosate µg/l C AMPA µg/l
⇒ Immediate transfer of glyphosate and AMPA when application during
draining period: 2002 : 0.002% of applied quantity. ⇒ RR practices: No transfer in june. Low transfer of glyphosate and AMPA in October / November⇒ AMPA transfer lower than glyphosate ones
Evolution of glyphosate, AMPA's flows accumulations and drained water quantity.
Draining water. Plot T7 (drainage / ploughing).
19/03/2009
720 g/ha
04/06/2009
1215 g/ha
19/06/2009
1215 g/ha13/06/2008 1080 g/ha
26/06/2008 1080 g/ha
04/04/2006 720 g/ha
01/06/2006 1080 g/ha
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha
31/03/2005 720 g/ha
10/03/2004
720 g/ha
06/03/2002
720 g/ha800
1000
1200
mg/ha
10
12
14
16
mm
RR practices
During drainage
Just after drainage
31/03/2005 720 g/ha
03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
0
200
400
600
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
0
2
4
6
8
Drained water quantity (mm) Application Glyphosate's flow mg/ha AMPA's flow mg/ha
⇒ Flow / Applied quantity: 0.00012 % during the whole experimentation. ⇒ Lower with RR practices.
Evolution of concentrations of glypohosate, AMPA and drained water quantity.
Drained water. Plot T8 (drainage / no tillage).
19/03/2009
720 g/ha
02/06/2009
1215 g/ha
19/06/2009
1215 g/ha
13/06/2008
1080 g/ha
26/06/2008
1080 g/ha16/03/2007
04/04/2006 720 g/ha
01/06/2006 1080 g/ha
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha
10/03/2004
720 g/ha
25
30
35
40
45
50
mm
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
µg/l
RR practicesJust after drainage
1080 g/ha16/03/2007
720 g/ha
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha
31/03/2005 720 g/ha
03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
720 g/ha
0
5
10
15
20
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Lame d'eau (mm) Application C glyphosate µg/l C AMPA µg/l
⇒ Same pattern in no tillage.
⇒ RR practices: transfer >0.001 % of applied quantity.
Evolution of flows accumulations of glyphosate, AMPA and drained water quantity.
Draining water. Plot T9 (drainage/ploughing/buffer strip 2004)
19/03/2009
720 g/ha
04/06/2009
1215 g/ha
19/06/2009
1215 g/ha
13/06/2008 1080 g/ha
26/06/2008 1080 g/ha
04/04/2006 720 g/ha
01/06/2006 1080 g/ha
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha10/03/200406/03/2002
25
30
35
40
45
50
mm
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
µg/l
RR practicesApplication 2 years before.
First degradation after application
1215 g/ha08/06/2006 1080 g/ha
31/03/2005 720 g/ha
03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
10/03/2004
720 g/ha
06/03/2002
720 g/ha
0
5
10
15
20
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Lame d'eau (mm) Application C glyphosate µg/l C AMPA µg/l
⇒ Same transfer pattern
Evolution of concentrations of glyphosate, AMPA and run off water quantity. Run off water. Plot T8 (run off / no tillage).
19/03/2009
720 g/ha
13/06/2008
1080 g/ha
26/06/2008
1080 g/ha
16/03/2007
720 g/ha
04/04/2006 720 g/ha
01/06/2006 1080 g/ha
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha
31/03/2005 720 g/ha
03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
10/03/2004
720 g/ha2.0
2.5
3.0
µg/l
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
mm RR practicesJust after drainage
⇒ Same pattern of transfer⇒Concentrations can be higher than in drainage but always below PNEC (60 µg/l; AFSSA opinion)
02/06/2008
1215 g/ha
19/06/2009
1215 g/ha
14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Run off water (mm) Application C glyphosate µg/l C AMPA µg/l
19/03/2009
720 g/ha
02/06/2009
1215 g/ha
19/06/2009
1215 g/ha
13/06/2008
1080 g/ha
26/06/2008
1080 g/ha16/03/2007
04/04/2006 720 g/ha
01/06/2006 1080 g/ha
08/06/2006 1080 g/ha10/03/2004
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
mg/ha
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
mm
Evolution of flows accumulations of glyphosate, AMPA and run off water quantity.
Run off water. Plot T8 (run off / no tillage).
RR practices
Just after drainage
1080 g/ha16/03/2007
720 g/ha
31/03/2005 720 g/ha
03/06/2005 1332 g/ha
14/06/2005 1008 g/ha
720 g/ha
0.0
10.0
20.0
28/08/2001 29/08/2002 30/08/2003 30/08/2004 31/08/2005 01/09/2006 02/09/2007 02/09/2008
0.0
1.0
2.0
Lame d'eau (mm) Application Flux glyphosate mg/ha Flux AMPA mg/ha
⇒ Higher concentrations than in drained water but, lower flows
⇒ Drained plots : more transfers in drainage water than in run off water.
39
600
800
1000
1200
Flows (mg/ha)
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Doses (g/ha)
Etiquettes de données : Nombre
d'analyses
Average glyphosate transfer by drainage and average applied rates.
Various application periods.
311
15
19
4
0
200
400
September October February March beginning mid-March April
0
500
1000
1500
Average transfered flow Average applied doses
⇒ When soil is watersatured (winter until mid-March), the transfers of glyphosate are possible and more important.
Synthesis of all the results
Western france - hydromorphic loam
Without drainage network, transfers of glyphosate could be important: up to 100 % detections in runoff water,
concentration peak up to 50 µg/L,
maximum flow up to 5 g/ha.
With drainage network, transfers of glyphosate are less With drainage network, transfers of glyphosate are less important: up to 70 % detections,
concentration peak 12 µg/L,
maximum flow 1.5 g/ha.
When the soil is watersatured (winter until mid-March), transfers of glyphosate are possible and more important.
The applications of glyphosate in may - june (RR practices) don’t cause immediate transfers by drainage or runoff
Drainage and runoff during the autumn after RR applications of glyphosate don’t cause important
Synthesis of all the results Western france - hydromorphic loam
Drainage and runoff during the autumn after RR applications of glyphosate don’t cause important transfer of glyphosate and AMPA
Results in term of concentration, flow and kinetics to be confirmed in other soil and climatic conditions
ARVALIS experimental sites dedicated to the pesticide transfers
La Jaillière 11 plots :
Geispitzen3 plots :runoff
Thibie : 28 lysimeters
La Jaillière 11 plots : drainage and runoff
Le Magneraud14 lysimeters
Auradé 4 plots : runoff
LSE : 26 lysimeters
Parisot 3 plots : drainagerunoff
