Assainissement - Enjeux, Stratégies,

Perspectives

Erich J. Shaw – P.E. September 29, 2011

“SUNRISE” – Smart City Demonstration Model - - “Smart Urban Networks for Resilient Infrastructure & Sustainable Ecosystems” -

Cité Modèle des Réseaux Intelligents - le Partenariat pour l’Innovation Urbaine -

University of Lille, LGCE & W-SMART Research Center

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Challenges

Challenge 1 – Higher Treatment Reliability at the WWTP

As clean water sources get scarcer, water reuse from wastewater is recognized as a sustainable method for additional water supply.

Reuse water quality requirements have increased which has in turn challenges reliability issues for wastewater treatment plants

less than 100100 to 200200 to 400400 to 6006 00 to 1,000more than 1,000

RAINFALL

Israel copes for decades with the water shortage problem.

Regional Annual Rainfall

A significant decrease of the

average amount of rainfall of about 6

mm/year

Increase in time between rain events

Climate Change Effects

Decrease in the quantity of rainfall

5

From an average time of 7 day to 10 days

0%

10%

Israel Spain Australia Italy Greece C Europe

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

<1%5%8%9%12%

75%

Reused effluent

6

5 Year Target = 90%

Agriculture client for the effluent that requires a high reliable quality

Stricter Effluent Requirements

Secondary Effluent

BOD, TSS

Tertiary Effluent

BOD, TSS, TN, NH3, P

pH, Turbidity, EC,

Cl, Na, B

Heavy metals

E coli

Restricted Irrigation Unrestricted Irrigation

1990’s 2010’s

Deviations in Effluent quality

Main factors that can cause effluent degradation:

Plant operations

Loads (organic/flows) greater than the design capacity

Contamination from factories

Infiltration

Problems - CASE STUDY 1

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

09/03/2007 25/09/2007 12/04/2008 29/10/2008 17/05/2009 03/12/2009 21/06/2010

Chlorides [mg/l]

Date

527mg/l

40%change

high salinity = burnt crops

long time for response

Challenge 2 – Responsibilities

The WWTP operator is responsible at the outlet

The main source of contamination (e.g. the factory) is responsible only at the outlet of factory

No one is responsible at the inlet of the WWTP.

Enforcement difficult if not impossible – spike flows

FactoryWWTP

Responsible Responsible

NO Responsibility?

?

Problems - Case STUDY 2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

BOD in effluent [mg/l]

BOD Load [kg/day]

Month

Load

BOD

date

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

High organic loads= non-conforming effluent

Non-conforming effluent = no water for crops

Challenge 3 – Old Sewers, higher flows, stoppage and overflows

As the underground infrastructure ages and population grows, an increase in the number of stoppages in the sewer pipes can be anticipated.

Many of these stoppages and overflows can be prevented if proper preventive maintenance was conducted yet predicting this is a challenge.

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SOLUTIONSClick icon to add picture

Online Monitoring

Online water quality monitoring is now being regulated not only at the WWTP but also at the factories and along the pipes

All sensors are connected to a central SCADA system

14

EC pH

Control

Sampler UV TDS TN EC pH Resperator

System Wide Sewer Monitoring

System wide Sewer Monitoring

INTERNET

CELLULAR

WAN or INTERNET

CELLULAR

Central Server Farm

ROUTING STORAGE

DISPLAY GRAPHICS

DAILY BATCH

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ALARMS

ANNUAL REPORTS

TRENDS

Sites

Monitoring Integration

Integrating all the data sources:

Allows for rapid detection of contamination and its source

Allows for determining how much extra fees the factory needs to pay for discharging higher organic loads

Provides the WWTP time to prepare for deviations for both flow and contamination

Minimizes the consequence on the effluent water quality.

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SUMMARY

Challenges in sanitation :

Higher reliability at the WWTP

Unclear responsibilities and enforcement

Aging infrastructure

Monitoring and advanced data analysis is a crucial tool in overcoming these problems.

Thank you