Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Artificial Intelligence,CognitiveComputing&
Innovating inPractice
CristinaMeleUniversity ofNaples FedericoII
Agenda
• Recenttrends
• ArtificialIntelligence&HumanIntelligence:theneedformultidisciplinarity
• Apost-humanistapproach:fromtechnologytosocio-materialpractices
• Framinginnovationasinnovatinginpractice
• AfocusonHealth
• AI&CCasenablersofatextureofpractices
Opportunities&Challenges
AI&Acquisition
•AI=think orbehave … as humans
•Machines overhumans
•Artificial IntelligencevsHumanIntelligence
Fromlatinintelligentĭa,….verb intelligĕre,”tounderstand”orverb legĕre,”read",withintŭs,”inside";
…who had intelligentĭa was someone able to“read inside”or“gobeyond thesurface”
Intelligence
• AI&CC:Amultidisciplinary perspective
Technologiesas evolution … not as amagical artefact
Early technologies from existing primitive technologies ascomponents. These new Technologies in time become possiblecomponents – building blocks – for the construction of further newtechnologies. Some of these in turn go on to become possiblebuilding blocks for the creation of yet newer technologies. In thisway. Slowly over time, many technologies form from an initial few,an more complex ones from using simpler ones as components.The overall collection of technologies bootstraps itself upward fromthe few to the many and from the simple to the complex. (Arthur,2009, p. 21)
“We place our hopes in technology. Wehope in technology to make our lives better,to solve our problems, to get us out ofpredicaments, to provide the future wewant for ourselves and our children.
(Arthur,2009,p.11)
Thereisaneedtoconsidertheimpactthatnewtechnologies,AI&CChaveonthesocialdimensionandhow
practicesarechangingtoincreasewell-being.
Socio-materialpractices(aposthumanist perspective)
• Byadoptinganoverarchingconceptofserviceinnovationastheprovisionofnewbenefitsformarketactors(Meleetal.2010;VargoandLusch 2011)somescholarsquestionthelineartraditionalprocessofinnovation(Chesborugh,2003)andaskhowmarketactorspracticeinnovationintheageofuncertaintyandcomplexity(RussoSpenaandMele2016;MeleandRussoSpena2017).
Frominnovation(Artifact/outcome side)
Toinnovating(thepractice side)
Innovating inPractice
Innovating inpractice• Theactiveverbalformbetterreflectstheemergentcharacterofinnovationinserviceecosystems(Vargo andLusch,2011;Vargo etal.,2015).• Verbsexpress“apattern,asetofemergentphenomena,asetofchangesthatmayinducefurtherchanges”(Arthur,2013,p.19).• Innovatingtakesplaceinsocialinteractionandinactivities• Innovatinginpractice: “acollectivedoingthatconnectsknowledgeableactors”(MeleandRusso-Spena,2017).
ü Fromproviderstousers’contextüFromapassivepatienttoanengaged,equippeduser/actor
Engaging empowered users/actors
Theriverofhealthcareismoving.Peoplearetakinghealthintotheirownhands.Thecenterofgravityofhealthcarehasmovedfromhospitalstopatientsandfromclinicstothehome.Nowitismobile.Actorsusesdevicesandcollectdataontheirhealthandwellbeingandstoreinformationwherevertheyare(home,office,etc.)
Inthepast,todomedical examspeople had tobookavisit withtheirdoctor,then gointo aspecializedmedical centerorhospitaltodoexams.
Before
NOW
Before
NOW
Widening A2Ainteractionsü Fromdyadictonetworked/ecosystemicü Fromasymmetrictomorebalanced
Tohavedifferentspecializedconsultationpatientscouldmeetjustonephysicianatonce,thenbookanothervisitwithanotherdoctorandsoon
Ai&CCgivethepossibilitytoactorstogetremotehelpfromexperts.Theycantransmitreal-timevideoandsnapshotwithspecializeddoctors inordertohaveaconsultationaboutthepatientemergencysituationinrealtime.
AI&CCenabletocreateavirtualclinicalenvironmentprovidingpatientswithbasicinformationandspecialistsclinicalconsultationtoenablethemtooperatevirtuallyexceptforwhatitinvolvestouchingthepatient.Thepatients,andhis/herfamilymemberscangetintouchwithmorethanonespecializedphysiciansatthesametime
Buoy usesartificialintelligencetoresembleachatwithyourfavouritedoctor,whereyougetanaccurateanalysisofyoursymptomsandwhattodoWedesignedBuoy’sartificialintelligencetodeliverapersonalizedandmoreaccurateanalysisofyoursymptoms.
Ourvirtualassistantanswersmedicalandhealthquestionsforconsumersanddoctorsinstantly.Theideabehindcognitivecomputing,orartificialintelligence,isthatourcomputerlearnsbydoing,gettingatitstasksbetterovertimebycrunchingmoremedicalinformation
Involving newandknowledgeableactors
Devicesproviders
Hospitals
Users
Healthintermediari
es
EmergencyDepartme
nt
Doctors
OperationalCenter
Medical staff
Caregivers
AI&CCofferanumberofexcitingpotentialapplicationsforpatientcare,Ireallythinkthiscouldtransformbothwhatwedoandhowwedoit.Thesetechnologiescouldreallyhaveamajorimpactonhowwepracticemedicine(aquotefromadoctor)
Bay Labs is at the forefront of bringing deep learning advances to critical unsolved problems in healthcare. We have assembled an exceptional team of clinicians, engineers, and scientists who are developing breakthrough technologies in cardiovascular imaging and care to combat heart disease, the leading cause of death worldwide.
Thedoctorsandresearchershadtomeetpatientsintheirofficetostudyandresearchparameterslinkedtoepisodesofillness.Takingintoconsiderationtheeventsrelatedtoillnessepisodes,physicianscouldobserveonlydatarecordedduringthevisit,andifsomethinghappenedwhenthepatientwasoutsideofthehealthcentreitwasimpossibletostudythesymptoms.
üFromKnowledgeasobjecttoknowledgeasactivityüContinuous,real-timedataacquisition indaily lifeü Advanceunderstanding ofhumanbehavior inreal lifesettings
ThroughAI&CC,knowledgeisco-createdthroughcontinuousandreal-timeobservationofhealthcareparameters,therebyadvancingunderstandingofhumanbehaviourinreal-lifesettings.Doctorscanfirstofalldetectseizureseverytimetheyhappen;inaddition,theycancorrelateseizurestosymptomsandhelpidentifywhethertherearecertainfactorsthatinfluencethem.Databecomericherastheyincludenewinformationaboutwearer,viz.healthparameters,enablingthedecisionmakers(e.g.,doctorsorphysicians)toobtainafullunderstandingofthemeaningbehindthedatacollected.
Before
NOW
Knowinginaction
….morecomprehensivesituationalawareness.……applyknowledgetodataenablesittomorequicklyandeffectivelyextractknowledgefromdata.….usereasoningandthoughtfuluserexperiencetoclearawaytheambiguityandpinpointthetruth.…..helpassistpeople'sactionsand
enablethemtomaketimelyandinformeddecisions.
WithAI&CCresearchersanddoctorshavecontinuousdataandamorecompleteunderstandingofthephenomenonthankstodatarecordedbypatients.Patientscanrecordandkeeptrackoftheirowndata.Thesedatacanserveasastartingpointtogivepatientsmorecontroloftheirhealth andprovidephysiciansinformationondailyhabits.Suchinformationcanbeanalyzed byAI&CCpotentiallycatchingproblemsbeforetheystart.
Resourcingininteractions
Doctorshadtosearchpatientinformationandmedicalhistoryinafolder,whichwasphysicallyand/orelectronicallystored,spendingagreatamountoftime.Inaddition,ifpatientsneededdifferentspecialisedconsultationheshouldmetjustonephysicianatonce,andthenshouldbookanothervisitwithanotherdoctor,andsoon.
Before
NOW
üKnowing emergesthroughhumanandnonhumaninteraction
Theactive braintrainerIntendu is afunctional brain-bodytrainingconsoleforpeople withbrainimpairments.It was designed byaninterdisciplinary teamofneuroscientists,rehabilitation clinicians,computerscientists andgamingexperts,creating anunparalleled trainingtool forhomeusethat adds totheuser’s rehabilitation process.Intendu’s life-simulating gamesfocuson8main cognitivefunctions
ü Fromspaceconstraintstoeverywhereü Fromtimeconstraintstorealtime
Overcoming time/space constrains
Peoplehavealwaysadoctorwherevertheyare.Theycanhaveaconsultationthroughaudio-videocommunicationdeviceswithoutmovingfromhome,alsoduringthenightorholidayswhenthepersonaldoctorisnotavailable.Astheparametersarecontinuouslymonitored,incaseofanomaliesuserscanhaveanhomevisitorinemergencycasesanambulance.Inaddition,theMedicalPassportisrecordedandalldatacanbeshared.
Tohaveaconsultationpeoplewereobligedtogotothedoctorduringwork-hours,ifsomethinghappenduringthenightorholidaysorwhenthedoctor’sofficewasclosedpeoplehadtogoathospitalandwaitfortheirturn,alsoforhoursifitwasnotanemergency.
Before
NOW
• Fromthearefacts toacollectivedoingthatconnectsknowledgeableactors(doctors,patients,health intermediaries,caregivers,ecc.).
• Innovating emerges as constantly co-constructed byconnections-in-actioninvolvingbothhumansandnon-humaninterwoveninatextureofinterconnectedpractices.
• Knowing +Networking=atexture;
AI,CC&Innovating inpractice
NETWORKING
K N O W I N G
Engaging empowered users/actorsWidening A2Ainteractions
Involving newandknowledgeable actors
Knowing inactionResourcing ininteractionOvercoming time/space constrains
Democratizinghealth• Thehealthcaremovesfromhospitalstohomes,frompassivepatientstoempoweredandproactivepatientstoknowledgeableactors• Healthecosystem.Thisincludesfamily,friends,andalternativehealthcareprovidersaswellasahostofwellnessservices.• Ahuman-centredsuiteofdevicesusingAI&CCtoempowereverydaypeopletomonitorandbetterunderstandtheirhealthanytime,anywhere.
Improvingwellbeing• AI&CCarenotonlytechnologyimprovementsbutareresourceswithinactors’activitiesandA2Arelationships• AI,CC,smartdevicesasresourcestobeintegrated… enablingnewpractices
Anewhealthcare?
• Understandthetechnology/socialroleofAI&CC• Designnewrolesforactorsbyincreasingtheirknowledgeability• Enablingnetworkingandknowing
Challenges• Emergent problem ofresponsibility (hospital,doctor,user,otherhealth serviceproviders,etc.)• Newproblems ofsecurity,privacy,etc.• Normativepractices• …….
Implications
Research Groupat Department ofEconomics,Management,InstitutionsUniversity ofNaples FedericoII
Chaired byCristinaMelecristina.mele@[email protected]
