THE SMART GREENHOUSEARDUINO BASED INTELLIGENT GREENHOUSE

By Amit saini

INTRODUCTION

•What is a Greenhouse?

•Greenhouses are controlled-area-environment to grow plants.

• It is a structural building with different types of covering materials, such as a glass or plastic roof and frequently glass or plastic walls.

• It heats up because incoming visible solar radiation (for which the glass is transparent) from the sun is absorbed by plants ,soil, and other things inside the building.

AUTOMATED GREENHOUSE

• Greenhouses form an important part of the agriculture and horticulture sectors of a country.

• They can be used to grow plants under controlled climatic conditions for optimal production.

• Automated greenhouse involves the automatic monitoring and controlling of climatic parameters which directly or indirectly govern the plant growth and hence their production.

• In order to control the climate factors and environment autonomously ,it is required a computer/software equipment.

The open-source electronics prototyping platform

WHAT IS ARDUINO ?

ARDUINO IS AN

• open-source electronics prototyping platform/environment .

• The Arduino is built for designers and artists—people with little technical expertise.

PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT

• The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software IDE .

• The Atmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a Bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer.

• You can also bypass the Bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header.

• Arduino IDE works on windows , linux as well as Mac lion X platforms.

ARDUINO IDE

BRIEF HISTORY OF ARDUINO

• In 2005, a project was initiated to make a device for controlling student-built interactive design projects that was less expensive than other prototyping systems available at the time. 

• Founders Massimo Banzi and David Cuartielles named the project after Arduin of Ivrea and began producing boards in a small factory located in Ivrea.

ADVANTAGES OF ARDUINO

• Huge documentation and support

• Larger library collection

• Open source

• Simplified and user-friendly programming language

• No additional programmer/burner hardware required for programming board

• Highly Portable

• Low power consumption

• Highly customizable

THE BASIC ARDUINO BOARD

Arduino UNO Board

“ARDUINO IN THE GREENHOUSE”

• Arduino is the heart of the The Intelligent Greenhouse.

• Arduino boards are able to receive, analyse and send data in order to maximise plant growth and health.

BENEFITS

• Automatically control environmental conditions within greenhouse allowing any type of plants to be grown all year round

• Eliminates risk of greenhouse not being maintained at specific environmental conditions due to human error

• Minimizes labor costs involved in maintaining a greenhouse• Customer able to define specific greenhouse conditions • “Plug-and play” product

FEATURES

• Detect and maintain temperatures from -40°C to 125°C.

• Detect and maintain humidity levels between 5% RH and 95% RH

• Detect sunlight and artificial light.

• Detect and maintain moisture in soil.

• Continuously update of statistics and parameters over the internet.

OBJECTIVE

• Build miniature greenhouse which is equipped with automatic monitoring and controlling system

• Constantly monitor and control environmental conditions in greenhouse to ensure it remains at preset temperature, light, moisture and humidity levels.

• It focuses on saving water, increasing efficiency and reducing the environmental impacts on plants production.

• The user can see the atmospheric conditions of the greenhouse plants on website and control the greenhouse from far away places.

FUNCTIONS

• Lower Temperature: 1 Cooling Fan

• Raise temperature: Heater (indicated by Bulb for demonstration purposes)

• Decrease humidity level: 1 Exhaust Fan

• Increase moisture level: Water pump connected to a water tank

• Increase lighting condition: Fluorescent Light-bulb

• Transmission of data over internet: Ethernet shield

MINIATURE GREENHOUSE WITH AUTOMATED SYSTEM

REVIEW ORIGINAL DESIGN

SYSTEM OVERVIEW

• Voltage output from sensors sent as inputs into Arduino

• Based on input values, Arduino outputs specific voltages to turn ON/OFF devices

• Temperature sensor• Humidity sensor• Moisture Sensor• Ambient Light Sensor

Sensors

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

HARDWAREARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER

ETHERNET SHIELD

LCD DISPLAY

SENSORS

FANS AND RELAYS

WATER PUMP

ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER

Microcontroller` ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V

Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O Pin 40 Ma

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 Ma

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

ETHERNET SHIELD

• The Arduino Ethernet shield allows an Arduino board to connect to the internet using the Ethernet library and to read and write an SD card using the SD library.

• The shield is mounted on top of the

arduino board and can be Connected

to your computer or a network hub or

router using a standard Ethernet cable

(CAT5 or CAT6 with RJ45 connectors).

POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT

• An AC source, a transformer, and a bridge rectifier (full diode bridge) can turn an AC "wall" source into a usable DC source for low-voltage electronics.

LCD DISPLAY

• A LCD is connected with arduino at 7th, 6th, 5th, 9th, 3rdand 8th pins to display the reading of various sensors .

• ‘T’ represents temperature, ’H’ represents Humidity , ‘M’ represents Moisture and ‘L’ represents internal Light intensity of the greenhouse, on the LCD.

SENSORS

AMBIENT LIGHT SENSOR

• A light sensor, as its name suggests, is a device that is used to detect light.

• A photocell or photo resistor for example, is a small sensor that changes its resistance when light shines on it; they are used in many consumer products to determine the intensity of light.

• Operating temperature: -20°C to 75°C

• Wavelength Measurement Range: 400nm to 1100nm

TEMPERATURE SENSOR• Manufacturer: Texas Instruments LM35

• FEATURES DESCRIPTION:

• Calibrated Directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade)

• Linear + 10 mV/°C Scale Factor

• 0.5°C Ensured Accuracy (at +25°C)

• LM35 has an advantage over linear temperature

• Rated for Full −55°C to +150°C Range

• Suitable for Remote Applications

• Low Cost Due to Wafer-Level Trimming

• Operates from 4 to 30

• Low Self-Heating, 0.08°C in Still Air

• Nonlinearity Only ±¼°C Typical

• Low Impedance Output, 0.1 Ω for 1 mA Load

HUMIDITY SENSOR

• A humidity sensor, also called a hygrometer, measures and regularly reports the relative humidity in the air.

• Humidity sensor SY-HS-220 is used to sense the humidity of the air in the green house.

• The warmer the air is, the more moisture it can hold, so relative humidity changes with fluctuations in temperature.• Operating temperature: 5°C to 45°C• Humidity Measurement Range: 5%RH to 95%RH.• If the humidity exceeds the maximum limit then the exhaust fan attached with Arduino will be switched ON automatically.

MOISTURE SENSOR

• Soil moisture sensor measure the water content in soil.

• This basic cheap soil moisture sensor consists of two probes (the metal rods) held apart at a fixed distance by some insulating material.

DEVICES

• 1 Cooling Fan

• Heater (Bulb)

• 1 Exhaust Fan

• Water Pump

• Fluorescent Light-bulb

TRANSISTORS TO POWER COOLING FANS, EXHAUST FANS & RELAY• Power supply: 5V

• Recommended Collector Current: 500mA

• Recommended Base Current: 50mA

• Transistors used as switches to provide 5V to connected devices.

• To ensure circuit functions properly, followed recommended current flow through resistor.

• To obtain required current flows, applied Ohm’s law and obtained current limiting resistor for collector to be 10Ω and 100 Ω for the base.

• These specifications enable circuit to function properly

DEVICES10 Ohm

64

5

100 Ohm

0

5Vdc0

ZENER DIODE (5.6V)ARDUINO OUTPUT

RELAY TO TURN ON/OFF FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULB, WATER PUMP AND FANS• DC voltage: 5V

• DC current: 500mA.

• Relay enables AC current to flow by implementing a switch within the device which is controlled by DC current.

• The relay is supposed to allow AC current through when no dc current is flowing.

• When DC current is passes through, relay will flick switch to ground, therefore causing open circuit for AC current flow.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY

SOFTWARE

ARDUINO IDE 1.0.1

• The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform app. written in Java, and is derived from the IDE for the Processing programming language and the Wiring projects.

• A program or code written for Arduino is called a "sketch".

• The Arduino IDE uses the GNU toolchain and AVR Libc to compile programs, and uses avrdude to upload programs to the board.

OUTPUT OF THE SENSORS

Temperature sensor:

• If the temperature exceeds beyond the limit set then a fan will be automatically switched ON as a coolant to reduce the temperature.

• When it reaches the desired temperature the fan will be switched OFF automatically with the help of a relay.

• But if the temperature decreases bellow the optimum temperature a bulb as a heater will be switched ON to set the temperature within the desired range.

 

Light sensor:

• Light sensor sense the light and set an optimum light in the greenhouse for the plants.

• An artificial light will be switched ON automatically by the light sensor with the help of relay if there is insufficient light for the plants in the greenhouse

• And the light is switched OFF automatically when the plants get sufficient light from the sun.

Moisture sensor:

• Soil moisture sensor check the water present in the soil.

• If there is not proper water in the soil then moisture sensor sends signal to the water pump which as a result pumps up the water from the tank and provide sufficient amount of water to the soil.

• When the sensor senses the threshold value of water level in the soil it automatically turn OFF the pump.

 

Humidity sensor:

• Humidity sensor is used to check the humidity of the air in the greenhouse.

• If the humidity exceeds the limit set then an exhaust fan will be switched ON with the help of relay to throw the humid air out of the greenhouse to maintain the suitable environment for the plants.

INSTANTANEOUS OUTPUT OF SENSORS DISPLAYED ON A WEBSITE

RESULTS/CONCLUSION OF PROJECT

Temperature, Heat, Moisture and Light Sensors are the four main sensors used in the project which give the exact value of temperature, heat, moisture and light respectively. These sensors give the correct result according to the plant's condition. These results can be seen on the LCD screen present on the project and on a INTERNET WEBSITE.

SUMMARY

• Project successful; features described in Proposal functioned accordingly

• Engineering knowledge acquired over the years fully applied and tested

• Acquired many new skills and knowledge; improved researching and trouble-shooting techniques

• Believe that product will be a success in the market as the “Push for Green” and environmental concerns intensifies in near future

THE GALLERY

FRONT VIEW REAR VIEW

INTERNAL VIEW TOP VIEW

THANK YOU

ANY QUESTIONS?