Biodiversity and EvolutionBiodiversity and Evolution

Ch. 4Miller and Spoolman, 16th ed.

Ch. 4Miller and Spoolman, 16th ed.

Overview of this TopicOverview of this Topic

Ch. 4 – biodiversity and evolution Ch. 4 – biodiversity and evolution of living thingsof living things

Ch. 5 – species interactionsCh. 5 – species interactions Ch. 9 – sustaining biodiversity – Ch. 9 – sustaining biodiversity –

focus on speciesfocus on species Ch. 10 – sustaining biodiversity – Ch. 10 – sustaining biodiversity –

focus on ecosystemsfocus on ecosystems

Ch. 4 – biodiversity and evolution Ch. 4 – biodiversity and evolution of living thingsof living things

Ch. 5 – species interactionsCh. 5 – species interactions Ch. 9 – sustaining biodiversity – Ch. 9 – sustaining biodiversity –

focus on speciesfocus on species Ch. 10 – sustaining biodiversity – Ch. 10 – sustaining biodiversity –

focus on ecosystemsfocus on ecosystems

Projects and Labs to support this unit

Projects and Labs to support this unit

Environmental Law research & presentation

Park lot biodiversity lab Invasive species most wanted flier/

Endangered species missing flier Wooly worms lab (outside) Arthropod diversity lab (out and in) Also several videos offered after school

for extra credit

Environmental Law research & presentation

Park lot biodiversity lab Invasive species most wanted flier/

Endangered species missing flier Wooly worms lab (outside) Arthropod diversity lab (out and in) Also several videos offered after school

for extra credit

Big Idea #1Big Idea #1

Biodiversity is essential to life (diversity in genes, organisms, and ecosystems)

Biodiversity is essential to life (diversity in genes, organisms, and ecosystems)

BiodiversityBiodiversityThe total variety of Earth’s species,

their genetic code, and the places they live

The total variety of Earth’s species, their genetic code, and the places they live

Species diversity

Genetic diversity

Ecosystem diversity

Species DiversitySpecies Diversity

How many living things are there?Estimates range from 4 million to

100 millionWe have classified ~ 1.8 million so

farEvery year 1000s of new species

are identified

How many living things are there?Estimates range from 4 million to

100 millionWe have classified ~ 1.8 million so

farEvery year 1000s of new species

are identified

Smallest snake

Smallest sea horse

Bug eating slug

frogfish

Pitcher plant

Bonaire Banded Box Jelly, 2011

Dive Bombing Parasitic Wasp, 2011

Spongebob Squarepants Mushroom, 2011

Sneezing monkey (or snub-nosed monkey, 2011

Genetic DiversityGenetic DiversityDifferences in genes of same

speciesAllows life to survive changes &

adapt over timeEarth is dynamic - species must

adapt & change with it to survive

Differences in genes of same species

Allows life to survive changes & adapt over time

Earth is dynamic - species must adapt & change with it to survive

Ecosystem Diversity

Ecosystem Diversity

Biomes - home to unique speciesBiomes - home to unique species

Tundra - home to polar bears

Chapparal - home to road runners

Savannah - home to rhinoceroses and giraffes

Why is diversity important?

Why is diversity important?

It supplies us with food, wood, fibers, energy, medicines, nutrients, air, water, fertile soil, and waste disposal

It supplies us with food, wood, fibers, energy, medicines, nutrients, air, water, fertile soil, and waste disposal

Foxglove - digitalis MaHuang - ephedra

Brevifola - taxol

Velvet bean - L-dopa

Quick Think Quick Think

QuestionQuestion Thinking about the

types of biodiversity - what might be some other reasons why protecting diversity is important?

Thinking about the types of biodiversity - what might be some other reasons why protecting diversity is important?

TaskTaskGenerate a list of reasons

At least 1 moral/ethical

At least 1 social/political

At least 1 economic/business

At least 1 personal

Generate a list of reasons

At least 1 moral/ethical

At least 1 social/political

At least 1 economic/business

At least 1 personal

Big Idea # 2Big Idea # 2

Evolution explains how life has changed over time

Evolution explains how life has changed over time

EvolutionEvolution

Evolution occurs when the genetic makeup of a population changes

Evolution occurs when the genetic makeup of a population changes

A brief history…A brief history…

The concept of evolution - that life changes over time and there are common ancestors between certain species - began with the Greek philosophers and was and has been a common idea

The concept of evolution - that life changes over time and there are common ancestors between certain species - began with the Greek philosophers and was and has been a common idea Aristotle & Plato

Not until Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace did anyone come up with a credible explanation for how

Not until Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace did anyone come up with a credible explanation for how

How they got thereHow they got there

1. Observed the struggle for existence

1. Observed the struggle for existence

2. Observed that those with best traits survive & live long enough to reproduce

2. Observed that those with best traits survive & live long enough to reproduce

So they put it together…So they put it together…Natural selection: some individuals in a

population have traits that make them more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those traits on. Over time, the population changes so that most of them have those traits

Natural selection: some individuals in a population have traits that make them more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those traits on. Over time, the population changes so that most of them have those traits

The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

So much evidence supports this idea that it has been elevated to the status of a theory

However…natural selection is not the only way populations evolve

So much evidence supports this idea that it has been elevated to the status of a theory

However…natural selection is not the only way populations evolve

The Modern SynthesisThe Modern SynthesisThe theory of evolution has been expanded upon & refined over time, leading to the modern synthesis (1950s)Many scientists representing different fields contributed to it

The theory of evolution has been expanded upon & refined over time, leading to the modern synthesis (1950s)Many scientists representing different fields contributed to it

How do populations change?

How do populations change?

1. Genetic mutations - leads to new traits

1. Genetic mutations - leads to new traits

2. Natural selection - the differential survival and reproductive success of individuals in a population

2. Natural selection - the differential survival and reproductive success of individuals in a population

SummarySummaryGenes mutate Individuals are

selectedPopulations

evolve that are better suited to the environment

Genes mutate Individuals are

selectedPopulations

evolve that are better suited to the environment

Quick ThinkQuick Think

QUESTION QUESTION How does Natural

Selection tie in with biodiversity?

How does Natural Selection tie in with biodiversity?

TASKTASK Create a graphic that

helps answer the question (concept map, Venn diagram, etc)

Create a graphic that helps answer the question (concept map, Venn diagram, etc)

Natural Selection has limits

Natural Selection has limitsFirst - the

environment is constantly changing So what is best fit

now may not be for long

Populations must adapt, leave, or die

First - the environment is constantly changing So what is best fit

now may not be for long

Populations must adapt, leave, or die

Populations can only adapt with traits that are already present in their gene pool or mutations of existing traits

Many species reproduce slower than the environment changes - can’t adapt fast enough

Populations can only adapt with traits that are already present in their gene pool or mutations of existing traits

Many species reproduce slower than the environment changes - can’t adapt fast enough

Quick ThinkQuick Think

QuestionQuestion Explain why genetic

diversity is so important to the health of a population

Explain why genetic diversity is so important to the health of a population

TaskTask Develop a fictional

case study that illustrates the answer

Develop a fictional case study that illustrates the answer

If a population of frogs lacked genetic diversity, then…

Big idea #3Big idea #3Geologic processes have changed

the Earth and created opportunities for the evolution of species

Geologic processes have changed the Earth and created opportunities for the evolution of species

Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics

The rigid lithospheric plates of the crust of the Earth that move slowly over the Earth’s liquid mantle

The rigid lithospheric plates of the crust of the Earth that move slowly over the Earth’s liquid mantle

Impacts of Plate TectonicsImpacts of Plate Tectonics

1. Has changed where land IS, and thus the climate

2. Moving plates help species move into new areas - or separate them

1. Has changed where land IS, and thus the climate

2. Moving plates help species move into new areas - or separate them

4 major impacts4 major impacts1. Earthquakes - create fissures,

mountains that separate species2. Volcanoes - wipe out existing species,

make way for new ones3. Climate change - ice ages, periods of

warming- some species go extinct, others flourish

4. Catastrophes -wipe out species and ecosystems

1. Earthquakes - create fissures, mountains that separate species

2. Volcanoes - wipe out existing species, make way for new ones

3. Climate change - ice ages, periods of warming- some species go extinct, others flourish

4. Catastrophes -wipe out species and ecosystems

Quick ThinkQuick Think

QUESTIONQUESTION How would you

summarize what today’s lesson was about?

How would you summarize what today’s lesson was about?

TASKTASK Choose 1 word that

embodies the concepts of this lecture then explain why that word was chosen

Choose 1 word that embodies the concepts of this lecture then explain why that word was chosen