Upload
apworldhistory
View
3.106
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Due Friday! Chap 1 Short Answer Reading #2: Hammurabi Middle East Map Quiz Chap 2 Vocab. Quiz
Chapter 2New Civilizations in
the Eastern and Western
Hemispheres2200-250 B.C.E.
Unit 1: Chapter 2
Section 1:Early China
A.Geography & Resources
B. Shang DynastyC. Zhou DynastyD.Philosophies
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1
A. Geography and Resources
1. China is divided into 2 geographical regions:a. North, Yellow River Valley, dry and
coldb. South, Yangzi Valley, warm with lots
of rain
2. Natural Resourcesc. Timber, stone, Metals
3. Agriculturea. Millet (north) & Rice (south)b. Agriculture required lots of people to
be successful
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1
B. Shang Period From 1750 – 1027 B.C.E. Origins in the Yellow River Valley
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1
1. Dynastya. Direct rule & indirect rule over
peripheral areas.b. Extended control by military conquestc. Engaged in trade possibly with
Mesopotamia.2. Religion
a.Kings worship spirits of male ancestors.b.Presented themselves as intermediaries between gods and human world.
3. Techonology1. Bronze: weapons & ceremonials
vessels2. Horse-drawn chariot & water buffalo3. Civil engineering projects
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1
4. Chinese Writing Systema. Chinese characters developed during
Shang period.b. Chinese writing system today is
directly related to the Shang system. (oldest language still alive)
c. Chief written remains of Shang Dynasty are oracle bones used in divination.
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1
C. Zhou PeriodBackground From 1027 – 221 B.C.E. A dependent state of the Shang
that rebelled Defeated Shang in the eleventh
century B.C.E. Invented concept of “Mandate of
Heaven” Longest lasting Chinese Dynasty
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1
1. Religion and Governmenta. Priest’s power fadedb. This resulted in the separation of
religion and governmentc. Zhou period saw development of
many different and important secular philosophies.
2. Western Zhou (11t h – 9th Century B.C.E.)a. Direct control over core territoryb. Indirect control over peripheral
areas
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1
3. Eastern Zhou Perioda. Decline of the central governmentb. Regional governors ruled semi-
independent statesc. Eastern Zhou period divided further
1. Spring and Autumn Period (771-481 B.C.E.)
2. Warring States Period (480-221 B.C.E.)
d. Technology1. Walls for defense, Iron & Steel, Horse
riding
e. Culture4.Developed 3 generation family (grandparent, parent, child)
5.Men - Private property, ancestral offerings, controlled family, 1 wife but many concubines
6.Women -subordinate to men
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1
D. Philosophies1. Legalism
A. Assumes that human nature is essentially wicked and selfish.
B. People will only behave if they are ruled by strict laws and harsh punishments.
C. Functioned as the ideological basis of various independent states as they expanded.
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1
2. Confucianisma. Founded by Confuciusb. Assumes that human nature is
essentially goodc. Respect of family extends to
respect of the stated. Concerned with establishing moral
foundations of government
3. Daoisma. Founded by Laozi.b. Follow the Dao - the pathc. There are no absolute moral
standardsd. People should take the world as they
find it
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1
4. Yin & Yanga.A natural balanceb.Male – sun, active, bright, shiningc.Female – moon, passive, shaded,
reflectived.Confucius - male superior to the
female
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1
Section 2:Nubia
3100 BCE– 350 CE
A. Geography & Resources
B. Nubian CivilizationC. Kingdom of KushD. Kingdom of Meroe
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2
A. Geography and Resources
1. Located along the Upper or Southern Nile
2. Natural Resourcesa. Gold, semi-precious stones, copper
3. Trade Linka. Between Sub-Saharan Africa & North
Africa
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2
1. Egyptian influence in Old Kingdoma. Mutual need for resources by peaceful
tradingb. Language, religion, writing, culture
2. Overthrown by Egyptians in Middle Kingdoma. Egypt no longer wanted to trade, invaded Kushb. Children taken to Egypt to become cultured
3. Overthrown by Assyrians1. Nubia allied with Palestinians to
defeat Assyrians2. Assyrians attack Egypt and push into
Nubia3. Govt forced to move south to Meroe
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2
B. Nubian Civilization
1. Southern Nubia 1750 BCE2. Strength was in metal working3. Egypt invaded and took POW and
children
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2
C. Kingdom of Kush
1. Ruled Egypt 800 BCE – 350 CE2. First capital at Napata then moved
to Meroe3. Matrilineal family system4. Queens were very influential
(Cleopatra)5. Dominated trade routes and iron6. Decline due to shifting trade
routes
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2
D. Kingdom of Meroë
Section 3:The Americas
1200 - 250 BCE
A. OlmecsB. Nubian CivilizationC. Kingdom of KushD. Kingdom of Meroe
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3
Map of Olmec Territory
A. Olmecs: 1200 - 400 BCE
1. Located along coast of present day Mexico
2. Most influential Mesoamerican preclassical civilization
3. Governmenta. Independent City/States ruled by a
kingb. Similarities: political and
social/culturalc. ^ in Agriculture led to an ^ in
populationd. Gave rise to a strong king/prieste. Result – large scale labor to build
rel/pol buildings
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3
4. Capitala. San Lorenzo > La Venta > Tres
Zapotes5. Technology
a. Raised fields, only simple tools, writing, astronomy, calendar, ball games, Stone Heads
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3
B. Chavin: 900-250 BCE
1. Located along west coast South America
2. Sat on crossroads of trade b/t coast and Andes Mountains
3. Strong military and religion4. Rotating labor system to build
roads & bridges5. 1 domesticated animal – llama6. Regional wars disrupted trade,
economic collapse, results in govt. dissolving
Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3
Chavín Art