Google AndroidPRESENTED BY…

FAIQ ALI SAYED

What is Android???...

The Android operating system (OS) is widely usedwithin several types of embedded & mobile platforms, includingmobile phones and tablets, and the industry is exploring theability of Android within other embedded platforms, i.e.,automotive or military, that require real-time guarantees and theability to meet deadlines as a pre-requisite for reliable operation.In this paper, we present preliminary conclusions on Android’sreal-time behavior based on experimental measurementsperformed on a commercially available Android platform.

• software stack for mobile devices– incl. OS, middleware and key applications

• Open source – source code is open and contributions are welcome• application framework enabling reuse/replacement of apps• Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile• integrated browser based on webkit• Optimized graphics – 2D graphics library, 3D based on OPEN GL ES• SQLite for data storage• Media support (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, JPG, PNG,…)• Support for radio interfaces, Bluetooth, WiFi, Camera, GPS, accelerometer• Software Development Kit (SDK)• Preinstalled applications from Google (GMS)

– Gmail, Maps, Search, Voice Search, Youtube

Android – what it includes..?

Android Software Updates• Android 1.0 – G1• 1.5 – Cupcake• 1.6 – Donuts (CDMA support)• 2.0 – Éclair (Droid introduced with Éclair)• 2.2 – Froyo• 2.3 Gingerbread (SDK released 2 weeks ago and source will

follow soon)• 4.0 IceCream Sandwich• 4.1 Jelly beans• API Levels used by apps to identify software version on the

device• Android apps are generally forward compatible with newer

version, but not necessarily backwards compatible

Android OS development

Fastest growing mobile OS Over 300,000 Android activations a day Android overtook iOS as the dominant

OS in US during 2H 2010 First phone launched HTC G1 in 2008

Currently an OS of choice for Motorola, HTC, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, among

others Software updates every few months

• All applications written in Java and converted to the dalvik executable .dex

• Every android app runs its own process, with its own instance of the dalvik virtual machine

• Not a traditional JVM, but a custom VM designed to run multiple instances efficiently on a single

device• VM uses linux kernel to handle low-level functionality incl. security, threading, process

and memory management

Dalvik VM

Android is part of the ‘build a better phone’ process

Open Handset Alliance produces AndroidOpen Handset Alliance produces Android

Comprises handset manufacturers, software firms, mobile operators, and other manufactures and funding companies

Android applications have common structure

Views such as lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web browser

Content Providers that enable applications to access data from other applications (such as Contacts), or to share their own data

A Resource Manager, providing access to non-code resources such as localized strings, graphics, and layout files

A Notification Manager that enables all apps to display custom alerts in the status bar

An Activity Manager that manages the life cycle of applications and provides a common navigation backstack

Android applications have common structure

Broadcast receivers can trigger intents that start an application

Data storage provide data for your apps, and can be shared between apps – database, file, and shared preferences (hash map) used by group of applications

Services run in the background and have no UI for the user – they will update data, and trigger events

Intents specify what specific action should be performed

Activity is the presentation layer of your app: there will be one per screen, and the Views provide the UI to the activity

Android is growing Uneven distribution of OS by regions

Security in Android

Each application runs in its own process

Process permissions are enforced at user and group IDs assigned to processes

Finer grained permissions are then granted (revoked) per operations

Android Market(Play Store)• Google Market - Part of GMS apps• 3rd party apps submitted to Google, approved and distributed through

Market• Both Free and Paid apps• Apps now limited to 50 MB; updates possible through Market• Monetization through ads available• Available in many countries, not all countries have support for paid apps• Other Market place applications available – Amazon has announced its

own Android Market place• App searches filtered based on Manifest file (eg. if a device does not

have trackball, apps using trackball will be filtered out)• Every app publishes a list of components the app will access and

permissions need to be granted before installation• Apps installed on device and SD card (SD Card from Froyo and in updated

versions)

Other possibilities in Android

• Voice Search available and enhanced in recent releases

• Google TV - a new platform based on Android

• Tablets –Tab introduced in Oct 2010• Allows to create security-aware applications

to control employee devices

THANK YOU……!!!!

If this is the progress of Android OS in futureOther mobile OS as well as computer systems will be Resting In Peace(RIP)…