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Android history, linux, versions

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Page 1: Android history, linux, versions
Page 2: Android history, linux, versions

History

• Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin ,Rich Miner ,Nick Sears and Chris to develop "smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences"

• In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. for at least $50 million.

• On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of technology companies including Google, HTC, Sony and Samsung and chipset makers such as Qualcomm unveiled itself, with a goal to develop open standards for mobile devices. That day, ANDROID WAS UNVEILED AS ITS FIRST PRODUCT, a mobile device platform built on the LINUX KERNEL.

• The first commercially available smartphone running Android was the HTC Dream, released on October 22, 2008

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The First Android Phone HTC dream

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Founder of ANdroid Inc.

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versions

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What is Android ?

• Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google

• based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets

• Android has been the best selling OS on tablets since 2013

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Features• Interface

Android's default user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation, using touch inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like swiping,tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard.

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Applications ("apps"), which extend the functionality of devices.(gmail app) .

• Application

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• Memory management

Since Android devices are usually battery-powered, Android is designed to manage processes to keep power consumption at a minimum.

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Linux Kernel• Android's kernel is based on one of the Linux kernel's long-term support (LTS)

branches. Since April 2014, Android devices mainly use versions 3.4, 3.10 or 3.18 of the Linux kernel. LINUX kernel modified and added features such as the inclusion of components like Binder, ashmem, pmem, logger, wakelocks, and different out-of-memory (OOM) handling.

• The flash storage in Android device is split into two partitions such as /system for OS itself and /data for user data

• Android device owners are not given root access to the operating system and sensitive partitions such as /system are read-only. However, root access can be obtained by exploiting security flaws in Android, which is used frequently by the open-source community to enhance the capabilities of their devices, but also by malicious parties to install viruses and malware.

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Architecture

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security

• Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area of the system that does not have access to the rest of the system's resources, unless access permissions are explicitly granted by the user when the application is installed.

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Android is just a cover of linux