"...And suddenly, the memory revealed itself". The role of IT in supporting social reminiscence

“…And suddenly, the memory revealed itself” The role of IT in suppor/ng social reminiscence

Cristhian Parra Ph.D. Disserta,on in Informa,on and Communica,on Technologies University of Trento, Italy -‐ Universidad Católica “Ntra. Señora de la Asunción”, Paraguay 11th April, 2014

IT-supported Social Reminiscence

Intergenerational Social Interactions

Active Ageing

Goals To understand, design and evaluate informa,on technologies

that enable a more happy and ac/ve ageing by enhancing opportuni,es for social interac,ons

To design and evaluate IT-‐supported social reminiscence as the

means for enabling ac/ve ageing @Bryancalabro Wikimedia Commons

Problem Domains & Research Questions

Can, and if so how, IT enable a more happy and ac,ve ageing?

Ac,ve Ageing (AA)

Social Determinants of AA

Social Reminiscence for

AA

Can, and if so how, IT enhance social interac,ons as we age?

Can, and if so how, IT-‐supported social reminiscence

s,mulate face-‐to-‐face (intergenera,onal) social

interac,ons?

Problem Domains & Contributions

•  Evalua,on Framework of IT for AA

•  Exploratory IT for (intergenera,onal) social interac,on

•  Par/cipatory Ac/on Research on IT and community engagement

•  (Par,cipatory Design) of IT for intergenera,onal engagement through social reminiscence

•  Extended theory of IT-‐supported social reminiscence

•  Propose new design spaces for intergenera,onal engagement

Ac,ve Ageing (AA)



AA


•  Evalua,on Framework of IT for AA Ac,ve Ageing (AA)

Active Ageing

Opportunities

Meet the Elderly Services Center “Contrada Larga” of the Social Cooperative “Kaleidoscopio”

Active Ageing

Defini,on by the WHO Ac've Ageing Policy Framework, 2002.

Personal Health Services Behavioural Economical Environmental Social

Health Par,cipa,on Security

Lifestyle (e.g., physical ac,vi,es, alcohol consump,on)

Social Support in the family and the extended community

Problem Domain of AA



Solution Domain of Active Ageing

Aler,ng Exergames Monitoring Training Assis,ve Social Serious games Communica,on

Type of IT applica/ons

(From an IT perspec/ve)

Prevention Care Compensation Enhancement

Objec/ves of IT for AA


Type of IT applica/ons


Objec/ves of IT for AA

Solution Domain of Active Ageing (From an IT perspec/ve)

IT for Active Ageing: Lessons Learned

Enhancement

Social Applica,ons

Social Determinant of AA

Participation

[1] Journal Survey submiUed to Founda'ons and Trends in Human Computer Interac'on, 2014.

•  The key importance of social support for happiness

•  IT serves not only to mi/gate the down side of ageing, but also to enhance life with new opportuni,es

•  Emergence of enhancement (par,cularly social) applica/ons among older adults





•  Par/cipatory Ac/on Research on IT and community engagement

Technical Exploration: What’s Up

What’s Up Display

One Way Communica,on

What’s Up Life Share

•  4 Interfaces – No buUons –  Request –  Feedback –  Complete

•  Groups (28) –  16 Young-‐Old (65-‐74) –  6 Middle-‐Old (75-‐84) –  6 Old-‐Old (85+)

•  Think Aloud Study

Technical Exploration: What’s Up

Social Exploration: Workshops

Social Exploration: Workshops A Nursing Home (RSA

Brentonico). They loved Google Maps to find their old memories places… and

mostly, our company.

An Elderly Services Center (CSA Kaleidoscopio). They loved blogging, social networking… and mostly, learning.

Participatory Action Research

(Par/cipatory) Ac/ve involvement of the people whose lives are affected by the issue

under study. This includes also the researchers themselves…

Participatory Action Research

…for the purpose of educa,on and taking (Ac/on) or affec/ng social change, while also extending our

knowledge on a subject (Research) [Lawrence, 2005; Potvin 2010]

The Laboratory of Technologies



Methods: •  Participant Observations •  Grounded Theory inspired analysis

Community Engagement (Lab 1: The Blog)

hYp://test.lifepar/cipa/on.org/kaleidoscopio/

Community Engagement (Lab 3: The Fearless Cards)

www.fearlesscards.org

Community Engagement

Community Engagement

IT for Socializing: Lessons Learned

•  The importance of company (face-‐to-‐face socializa/on) •  Sharing past life stories as a prac/ce of interest •  ICT tools and PAR ac,vi,es as means for community engagement

•  The development of a trust rela4onship

[2] Ar/cle about What’s Up in Interna'onal Reports on Socio-‐Informa'cs (IRSI). Special Issue on Designing for Inter/Genera'onal Communi'es, 2012.

[3] Conference Paper about the Laboratory in Community Informa'cs Research Network Conference, 2012.





AA


•  Par,cipatory Ac,on Research on IT and community engagement


•  Extended theory of IT-‐supported social reminiscence and design space for intergenera,onal engagement

@garlandcannon Flickr

“...an exquisite pleasure had invaded my senses, something isolated, detached, with no sugges'on of its origin… And suddenly the memory revealed itself”

Marcel Proust .

Reminiscence

Why is it good to reminisce? increase life sa,sfac,on

reduce depression (Haight 2007)

Reminiscence Therapy

(WaU 2000)

To a lesser extent, it has also been seen to improve social interac/ons

That’s not for me. I am young! …not so fast

How much and why we reminisce it is not really different according to age…

except for life review (Cohen 1998)

New func,on for social media: cura,ng our historical self-‐image and reminiscence

(Zao 2013, Best of CHI)

IT for Social Reminiscence: Related Work

S,mula,on

Storytelling

Preserva,on Technology Heirlooms [Banks, 2012], Rememble.com, SenseCam [Hodges, 2011]

Pensieve [Cosley, 2009], CIRCA [Gowans, 2004], SoundScapeRadio [Blythe, 2010]

Digital Storytelling [Hartley, 2009], Project Greenwich [Thiry, 2013]

Participatory Design


Methods: •  Participant Observations •  Grounded Theory inspired analysis


Available at: hUps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0wF2AGrPnE

Getting back your attention ;-)

Reminiscens: IT-supported Social Reminiscence

For intergenera,onal face-‐to-‐face social interac,on

Reminiscens

S/mula/on with contextual mul/media

Reminiscens

S/mula/on with contextual mul/media

S/mula/on with contextual ques/ons and naviga/on/storytelling guided by a /meline

Reminiscens

Simple preserva/on and storytelling

Life Questions Module

ETL Controller

RKB: reminiscens knowledge base

Personal Contexts

Personal Contexts Module

Knowledge Base Controller

Context Creation Module

Context Algorithms

RKB ETL modules

Flickr Module DBPedia Module

Catinabib Module

Trentino OpenData Module

Events, People, Pictures

PeoplePhotos Postcards

Signature Generator

Duplicates manager

ETL Launcher

Others


ETL Crawler

Reminiscens Platform



ETL Controller


Personal Contexts




Context Algorithms

RKB ETL modules


Catinabib Module




Signature Generator

Duplicates manager

ETL Launcher

Others


ETL Crawler


ETL Controller


Personal Contexts




Context Algorithms

RKB ETL modules


Catinabib Module




Signature Generator

Duplicates manager

ETL Launcher

Others


ETL Crawler



ETL Controller


Personal Contexts




Context Algorithms

RKB ETL modules


Catinabib Module




Signature Generator

Duplicates manager

ETL Launcher

Others


ETL Crawler


Longitudinal Study

Narrators Listeners

IT

Longitudinal Study

Longitudinal Study

8 weekly sessions with diff. tool versions Par/cipants: intergenera,onal groups of older adults narrators and

younger listeners and observers Data: Par,cipant Observa,ons + Ques,onnaires + Applica,on Logs

face-‐to-‐face interac,on

Web version home usage during weeks and 2 months aoer study Par/cipant Diaries (mood and reflec,ons) + Applica/on Logs

Longitudinal Study home usage

In the end of the study, each narrator received a physical book of his/her stories, co-‐authored also by the listener

Interviews + Post Study Ques/onnaires

Longitudinal Study final gio

Complete Version

Complete

Questions-Only

Personal

Context-Only

Long Study: Analysis

Qualitative: •  Grounded Theory inspired analysis (to construct a theory

grounded in data without previous assumptions)

Quantitive: •  ANOVA for the difference if stimulation by versions of

Reminiscens during sessions (with respect to the number of stories being shared)

Longitudinal Study

17 Narrators Age: [65, 90] ~ mean = 74

15 women, 2 men

16 Listeners Age: [18, 40] ~ mean = 28

10 women 6 men

9 stable groups

6 one-‐session groups

74 sessions 66 sessions in the stable-‐track

Mean dura,on = 1h03m

3 Families

Patterns of Collaboration

Scribe Trainer Pure

Listener Let-‐do Trainer

Patterns of Preparation

Diaries, ques/ons and web version

Patterns of Storytelling

Travels-‐Driven Milestones-‐Driven

Anecdote-‐Driven

Enjoyment

Quantitative Analysis: Enjoyment

Mood scale 8 – 40. Always above 30.

Quantitative Analysis

No differences between app versions. S,mula,on also from collabora/on, storytelling and the final book

App version

Mean # of stories

created per session

Difference of mean values for each pair of app versions


Evolu,on of app usage over weeks of the study

Note: a bug in our system prevent us from logging edi,ons of stories due to addi,on of pictures and detailed context views of videos

Further observations: Ludic Engagement

Ques/ons as the means for self-‐reflec/on and playing,

mainly from home

“I read the ques'ons and I have felt many emo'ons to which I responded with

pleasure, remembering the days of my childhood and youth” (Narrator 3 Diary,

Week, 26/10/2013)

“(narrator’s name) was highly interested in the ques'ons and insisted to answer

them almost as if we were in a race” (Listener 13 Diary, Week 2,

25/10/2013)

Further observations: Context

•  Timeline s,mulated a sequen/al storytelling •  Context (ques,ons+mul,media) s,mulated a more diverse storytelling

•  Contextual s,mula,on many ,mes by searching freely the web outside reminiscens

Long Study: Breakdowns Textual Input = Interrup,on of

storytelling

Long Study: Breakdowns

“I was a bit disappointed because (a\er having remembered and shared so many memories in the

previous mee'ngs) I verified that what was wri?en was li?le or nothing and that among the li]le that was wrote, it lacked some parts. Moreover, there appears to be a bit of chaos in the logical order of events” (Narrator 8 Diary,

Week 6, 28/11/2013)

When technology fail: frustra/on and poten/ally transference of

responsibility to listeners

Long Study: Self-Reflections

“When you are young you think that life is fun and beau'ful just up to a certain age, but I think it’s beau4ful at any age and as we age we experience the joys and sorrows more ‘deeply’ ” (Narrator 1 Diary, Week,

07/09/2013)

Long Study: Volunteering

“It is o\en difficult to find young people to help, but with this tool it makes it easier [because] it brings together young people and older adults

in a natural and relaxed manner” (CSA Coordinators Interviews, 20/12/2013)

Design Spaces for Social Reminiscence

Conversa,on

Self-‐Reflec,on

Collabora,on

S,mula,on

Storytelling

Prepara,on

Preserva,on

Cura,on

Enhancement of pictures Inser'on of public content Search Sharing Shared 'melines

S4mula4on Free contextual explora'on Ludic engagement

Storytelling & Self-‐Reflec4on Audio-‐recording Speech-‐to-‐text Digital diaries

Digital diaries

Reminiscens Books

IT for Reminiscence: Lessons Learned •  IT for reminiscence as the “/ckets to talk”, the excuse that s,mulates engagement.

•  Physical/digital IT for preserva,on and storytelling of life stories as the driver of the socializa/on

•  Collabora,on as the most enjoyable interac/on •  Ques,ons for ludic engagement •  Mul,media for story diversity •  IT for mo,va,ng volunteering

[3] Ar/cle about the Par,cipatory Design of Reminiscens presented in CHITALY 2013. [4] Ar/cle about the Par,cipatory Design and cultural assymetries submiYed to PDC 2014.

[5] In prepara,on, Longitudinal study results and analysis for NordiCHI 2014.

Wrapping up

Evaluation Framework of IT for AA





1

IT for Socializing Tools

What’s Up Display

One Way Communica,on

What’s Up Life Share

2

PAR and IT for Community Engagement

3

IT-supported Social Reminiscence For intergenera,onal face-‐to-‐face social interac,on

4

4

Which was quite successful J

Some last reflections

Heterogeneity of “the elderly” Create opportunities

Put possibilities at the center… …and also people

In the end, everything makes sense J

Thanks! Grazie! Gracias! Aguije!

Some additional slides just in case J


Variables extracted from the logs


Number of sessions per version of reminiscens

Reminiscens (short demo)

Available at: hUps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hze1GoGu4Xg

Reminiscens

Low Fidelity Prototype: S,mula,on with contextual ques,ons

Low Fidelity Prototype: S,mula,on with contextual ques,ons

Contextual Mul/media Low Fidelity Prototype: Collabora,on, voice recording and direct manipula,on


•  IT for (intergenera,onal) social interac,on


How does IT enhances social interac/ons as we age?


Ac,ve Ageing (AA)


Social Reminiscence for AA



Can IT-‐supported social reminiscence s/mulate face-‐to-‐face intergenera/onal social interac/ons?.




Ac,ve Ageing (AA)


Social Reminiscence for AA


•  IT for face-‐to-‐face intergenera,onal social interac,on




How does IT enables a more ac/ve ageing?

Does web-‐collected contextual content s,mulates reminiscence? Does promp/ng contextual ques/ons facilitates storytelling?

Does collabora/on in entering stories increases social interac,on?

Field Study

IT for Active Ageing

100%}

Prevention Care

Compensation Enhancement

100%

Methodology

Explora,on Phase Key Research Ac/vity: • Literature review • Exploratory works • Exploratory workshops • The Laboratory of technologies Methods: • Par,cipant observa,ons • Grounded theory inspired qualita,ve analysis

Design Phase Key Research Ac/vity: • Design and engineering • Par,cipatory design workshops Methods: • Storytelling • Low fidelity prototypes • Co-‐design • Par,cipant observa,ons • Grounded theory inspired qualita,ve analysis

Evalua,on Phase

Key Research Ac/vity: • Field Studies Methods: • Par,cipant observa,ons • Ques,onnaires and Interviews • Diaries and Automa,c logging • Quan,ta,ve analysis • Grounded theory inspired qualita,ve analysis

Par,cipatory Ac,on Research

Problem Domains

Reminiscence

Socializa/on

Ac/ve Ageing Conceptual Framework of IT for AA + Exploratory Workshops

Explora/ons: What’s Up + EngAge + Laboratory

of Technologies

Core: PD Workshops + Reminiscens

Ageing

Time Mark S,bich. Why We Age. Theories and Effects of Aging. 2009.

A. Stone et. al. A snapshot of the age distribu,on of psycho-‐logical well-‐being in the united states. 2010. “Learning Curves” from R. A. Dewey. Psychology: an introduc,on. 2007.

Active Ageing

Time