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A presentation o Amateur Satellites given at the Leicester Amateur Radio Show in Oct. 2008 by Dave Johnson, G4DPZ and Carlos Eavis, G0AKI
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Amateur Satellite Beginners Session
Presented by
Dave Johnson, G4DPZ AMSAT-UK / AMSAT-NA
In association with
Carlos Eavis, G0AKI RSGB
WelcomeWe are going to cover:
OSCAR?
History
A bit of orbit theory
Satellite operation
Satellite modes
Ground station equipment
What's up!
Oscar... An OSCAR is an Orbiting Satellite Carrying
Amateur Radio
Built for non-commercial purposes
Originally built by Project OSCAR members in garages in Silicon Valley
Now built by and/or funded by members of AMSAT and AMSAT affiliates
Originally a “bleep sat” but now carry sophisticated repeaters or transponders
Are encouraged to carry sensors and other scientific experiments
A bit of History
OSCAR-I , which had a battery powered 140mw transmitter operating in the 2 meter band.
Transmit it’s message of “HI” for three weeks and re-entered the atmosphere on January 31, 1962 after making 312 orbits.
The greeting “HI” is used in almost all beacons, including AO-40’s telemetry beacon, built and launched by the Amateur Satellite service.
A bit of History
Sputnik 1 was the world's first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite. Launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.
How is a Satellite Designed
FM v Linear Transponder
Some important terms
Threats to Satellites
Orbital Comparison
Satellite Orbit Tracks
Inclined Orbit
Molnya
Satellite Coverage
High Earth Orbit (HEO)
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
CubeSats
Based on a 10cm cube but some can be a bit bigger
Operate in Amateur Satellite allocation
AX-25 protocol & others
Student Satellites
PCSAT 1 US Naval Academy
Aerospace student project
APRS protocol note the antennas!
Operation a Satellite
Ground Station Equipment
Antennas (rotators) Preamps Radios Peripherals Tracking Software / Computers
Antennas
Handheld antennas:
Good for portable ops (and SOTA)
Commercial Arrow Antennas
Delfi-C3 transponder enabled
Antennas
Handheld antennas:
DIY out available materials
You will need a Mux
Antennas
Extreme portable!:
Howard Long, G6LVB
Used on AO-40 very successfully
Antennas
Fixed Station: Wimo X antenas Yaesu G5500
rotator Homebrew dish
with modified LNB
Antennas
Fixed Station for Cubesat C&C:
M2 antenas M2 Rotator Part of the
GENSO network
Handheld Transceiver
The minimum you need to operate.
TH-D7e
Dual Band
Duplex
APRS
CTCSS
Base Station
FT-847 Excellent sat
capabilities but no longer in production
Base Station
TS-2000 Really good all
round radio with satellite facilities
Does have a birdie on SO-50 downlink!
Base Station
IC-910 VHF/UHF/L-Band Designed for
Satellite op's Old ones were
deaf Mine's fine!
Ideal Groundstation for LEO
What's Up!
We have three types of satellite: Operational Semi-Operational Deceased R.I.P. (not rust in piece, in
space)
Operational Satellites DO-64 Delfi-C3 Launch Date: April 28, 2008
Primary telemetry downlink: 145.870 MHz 1200 Baud BPSK AX.25 400mW
Backup telemetry downlink: 145.930 MHz 1200 Baud BPSK AX.25 400mW
Linear transponder passband downlink: 145.880 - 145.920 MHz (inverting)
400mW
Linear transponder passband uplink: 435.570 - 435.530 MHz
Transponder mode beacon: 145.870 MHz CW (10dB below transponder PEP)
Delfi-C3 web page: http://www.delfic3.nl/
Operational Satellites VO-52 HAMSAT Launch Date: May 05,2005
Frequencies:Indian Transponder:
Uplink: 435.220 to 435.280 MHz LSB/CW
Downlink: 145.930 to 145.870 MHz USB/CW
Dutch Transponder:
Uplink: 435.225 to 435.275 MHz LSB/CW
Downlink: 145.925 to 145.875 MHz USB/CW
Mode and Antenna Polarization:
V: LHCP U: RHCP
Operational Satellites AO-51 ECHO Launch date: June 29, 2004
Analog voice downlink: 435.300 MHz FM / 435.150 MHz FM / 2401.200 Mhz FM
Analog voice uplink: 145.880 MHZ FM / 145.880 MHz USB / 145.920 MHz FM
1268.700 MHz FM 67Hz PL tone
Digital Downlinks: 435.150 MHz FM 38k4 PBP, 1 watt output
435.150 MHz FM 9k6 Pacsat Broadcast Protocol
2401.200 MHz FM 38k4 bps, AX.25
Digital Uplink: 145.860 MHz FM 9k6 Pacsat Broadcast Protocol
1268.700 mhz FM 9k6 PBP Digital
Beacon: 435.150 MHz
Operational Satellites SO-50 SAUDISAT-1C Launch date: December 20, 2002
Uplink: 145.850 MHz FM - 67.0 Hz PL tone
Downlink: 436.795 MHz
To switch the transmitter on, you need to send a CTCSS tone of 74.4 Hz.
The order of operation is thus: (allow for Doppler as necessary):
1) Transmit on 145.850 MHz with a tone of 74.4 Hz to arm the 10 minute timer
on board the spacecraft.
2) Now transmit on 145.850 MHz (FM Voice) using 67.0 Hz to PT the
repeater on and off within the 10 Minute window.
3) Sending the 74.4 tone again within the 10 minute window will reset
the 10 minute timer.
Operational Satellites In addition, we have several satellites that have
schedules under which they are operational due to current solar illumination conditions:
FO-29 JAS-2
AO-27 AMRAD
AO-16 PACSAT
AO-7 AMSAT OSCAR 7
Details can be found on the www.amsat.org site.
R.I.P.CP4HO-59 HITSatNCUBE-2XO-53 SSETIUWE-1AO-49 AATiS OSCAR-49 (SAFIR-M)MO-46 TIUNGSAT-1NO-45 SAPPHIRESO-42 SAUDISAT-1BSO-41 SAUDISAT-1AAO-40 AMSAT OSCAR 40OO-38 OPALUO-36 UoSAT-12SO-35 SUNSATPO-34 PANSATSO-33 SEDSAT-1TO-31 TMSAT-1PO-28 POSAT-1IO-26 ITAMSAT
KO-25 KITSATKO-23 KITSATUO-22 UOSATAO-21 AMSAT-OSCAR 21FO-20 JAS-1bLIBERTAD-1LO-19 LUSATWO-18 WEBERSATDO-17 DoveUO-14 UoSAT-3FO-12 Fuji-OSCAR 12AO-10 OSCAR 10AO-8 AMSAT-OSCAR 8AO-6 AMSAT-OSCAR 6AO-5 Australis-OSCAR 5OSCAR IIIRS-15 RADIO SPORT RS-15RS-13 RADIO SPORT RS-13RS-12 RADIO SPORT RS-12
Other Resources
You can find more details about Amateur Satellite Operations on the www here:
www.amsat.org www.amsat.de www.amsat-dl.org
Not so subtle Advert
Membership of AMSAT-UK costs £15/year
ALL money goes to funding Satellite related projects, fund now stands at £73K plus a £40K legacy
All committee give their time for free Many current projects!!!!
What we covered, phew! Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio
History
A bit of orbit theory
Satellite operation
Satellite modes
Ground station equipment
What's up!
Thank You
We'll be in GB4FUN for the next few hours to answer any more questions. Or outside
waving antennas at satellites!
--... ...--