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Carbon Nanotubes: and its applications

AJIT KUMAR MANDALSEM-II

DEPT. OF BOTANY

NORTH ORISSA UNIVERSITY

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Outline

Introduction History Structure Properties Applications Biological application Future application Challenges conclusion

Introduction

Current world is comprising of nanotechnology. All the laboratories in the world concern with the nanotechnology application.

In biological world the nanotechnology plays a vital role for the betterment of the works.

Mainly in the sector of genetics the carbon nano tube is widely used.

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What is carbon nanotube:

A tube shaped material, made of carbon having a diameter measuring on the nanometer scale.

1nm = 10-9m

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Types of carbon nanotube:

Single-wall Nanotubes

Double-wall Nanotubes

Multi-wall Nanotubes

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Structure:

The chemical genius of carbon that can be bond in different way to create structures with entirely different properties.

Different forms of carbon: Diamond, Graphite, Fullerene,

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Structure:

CNT: Rolling-up a graphene sheet to form a tube

Schematic of a CNT

STM image of CNT

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Carbon nanotube

Properties depending on how it is rolled up.

a1, a2 are the graphene vectors. OB/AB’ overlaps after rolling up. OA is the rolling up vector.

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Carbon nanotube properties: Fiber Material

Specific Density

E(TPa) Strength Strain at Break(%)

Carbon Nanotube

1.3-2 1 10-60 10

HS Steel 7.8 0.2 4.1 Below 10

Carbon fiber-PAN

1.7-2 0.2-0.6 1.7-5 0.3-2.4

Carbon fiber-pitch

2-2.2 0.4-0.96 2.2-3.3 0.27-0.6

E/S-glass 2.5 0.07/0.08 2.4/2.5 4.8

Kevler 49 1.4 0.13 3.6-4.1 2.8

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Applications of Carbonnanotubes:General applications are: Conductive plastic Structural composite materials Flat-panel displays Gas storage Antifouling paint Micro- and nano electronocs Radar absorbing coating Technical Textiles Ultra-capacitor Batteries with improved lifetime. Extra strong fibers.

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Biological Applications of Carbonnanotubes: Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Tips

Biosensors for Harmful gases

DNA Sequencing

Biological applications: Bio-sensing Many spherical nano-particles have been

fabricated for biological applications. Nanotubes offer some advantages relative

to nanoparticles by the following aspects:1. Larger inner volumes – can be filled with chemical or

biological species.

2. Open mouths of nanotubes make the inner surface accessible.

3. Distinct inner and outer surface can be modified separately.

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Biological applications: AFM tipsCarbon nanotubes as AFM probe tips:1. Small diameter – maximum resolution

2. Excellent chemical and mechanical robustness

3. High aspect ratio

Resolution of ~ 12nm is achieved

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Biological applications:Functional AFM tipsMolecular-recognition AFM probe tips: Certain bimolecular is attached to the CNT tip This tip is used to study the chemical forces between

molecules – Chemical force microscopy

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Biological applications: DNA sequencing Nanotube fits into the

major grove of the DNA strand

Apply bias voltage across CNT, different DNA base-pairs give rise to different current signals

With multiple CNT, it is possible to do parallel fast DNA sequencing

Top view and side view of the assembled CNT-DNA system

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Future Applications

Future applications:1. Already in product: CNT tipped AFM

2. Big hit: CNT field effect transistors based nano electronics.

3. Futuristic: CNT based OLED, artificial muscles…

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Conclusion:

By the application of carbon nanotubes we can develop the biological research work to such an extent that it can leads our life style beyond the imagination.

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Challenges:

Challenges1. Manufacture: Important parameters are hard to control.

2. Large quantity fabrication process still missing.

3. Manipulation of nanotubes.

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Referrence:

http://www.personal.reading.ac.uk/~scsharip/tubes.htm

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube www.nanocyl.com/CNT-Expertise.../Carbon-Nanotubes www.research.ibm.com/nanoscience/nanotubes.html www.electrochem.org/dl/interface/sum/sum06/sum06_p23.pdf -