Advanced Residential T24 - Compliance Class

5/20/2010

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Energy Code Works, Inc.

Title-24 Building Energy Standards

Mark Madison CEPE, CEA, AEE, HERS Rater, GreenPoint Rater, ResNet Rater, Member CABEC, CHEERS

©2010 Energy Code Works, Inc.

Housekeeping

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AIA CES credits:

3 HSW (Health Safety & Welfare)3 SD (Sustainable Design)

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Beyond Title-24

Advanced Title-24 scope: Why go beyond Title-24? How do you get beyond Title-24?

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Beyond Title-24

Why Beyond Title-24? Incentives and requirements (carrots & sticks)

Carrots: Utility incentive programs PV incentives (NSHP) Energy-Star LEED

Sticks Cities requiring better than Title-24 compliance Energy efficient mortgages

Self-motivated designers/builders Title-24 energy code = just barely legal

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Beyond Title-24



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Beyond Title-24



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Beyond Title-24



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Beyond Title-24

Why Beyond Title-24?

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Beyond Title-24



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Beyond Title-24



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Beyond Title-24



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Beyond Title-24

How do you get beyond Title-24? Challenges: New 2008 Title-24 Building Energy Standards 15-22% more

restrictive, tougher than current 2005 energy code. Many energy credits in 2005 standards are now baseline for 2008

energy code New 2008 energy code introduces additional layers of compliance

criteria, forms, paperwork

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Beyond Title-24

How do you get beyond Title-24? Opportunities: 35% better than 2005 Title-24 has been achievable. 2008 Title-24 energy code contains new credits Building industry has reacted to carrots and sticks

Insulation products Radiant Barriers Cool Roofs HVAC efficiencies Window/doors products NFRC testing Tank less water heaters

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Scope of this Class

Changes to Envelope Requirements1

Changes to HVAC Requirements2

New Residential Lighting Requirements3

Impact of Time Dependant Valuation (TDV) 4

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Scope of this Class

Beyond Title-24: Envelope5

Beyond Title-24: HVAC6

Beyond Title-24: HERS Measures7

SDG&E’s Incentive Programs 8

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2008 Building Energy Standards

Effective date: January 1, 2010

Projects permitted prior to January 1, 2010 will continue to use 2005 energy code

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Effective date: January 1, 2010

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Future of Title-24

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Future of Title-24

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Future of Title-24

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Future of Title-24

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Scope of this Class





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Compliance Paths

Two compliance paths available

Prescriptive Performance

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Compliance Paths



Mandatory Measures

Performance Path

Prescriptive Path

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Compliance Paths

Advantages/Disadvantages


Mandatory Measures

Performance Path

Prescriptive Path

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Building Envelope

Walls, floors, ceiling assemblies

Windows, glass doors, skylights

When required, testing and certification, & labeling requirements, where required.

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Building Envelope

Current 2005 Prescriptive Requirements

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Building Envelope

New 2008 Prescriptive Requirements

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Building Envelope


Bottom Line:Prescriptive insulation levels remain essentially unchanged from 2005 standards

Big change…..Fenestration requirements

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Building Envelope

Current 2005 Prescriptive Requirements

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Building Envelope


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Building Envelope


Two allowable methods for determining window & door performance:

NFRC procedures/labels or…

Use default tables (116-a & 116-b)

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Building Envelope


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Building Envelope

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Building Envelope

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Building Envelope


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Building Envelope


Default tables 116-a & 116-b

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Building Envelope


2008 Package D

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Building Envelope


Package D vs. Default tables (U-factor)

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Building Envelope


Package D vs. Default tables (SHGC)

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Building Envelope


Package D vs. NFRC labels

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Building Envelope


Bottom Line:

Prescriptive U-factor requirements almost 30% more stringent than 2005 code

2008 Standards will force you to use NFRC Labels

Significant penalty for using default tables

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Building Envelope

When required, where required, testing, certification & labeling

In 2008 code required prescriptively in all climate zonesNew, addition & alterations

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Building Envelope


Energy Star Cool Roof does not qualify in California

Must be certified & labeled by the Cool Roof Rating Council

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Building Envelope


Exemptions to cool roof requirement:Roof areas covered by building integrated photovoltaic panels and solar hot water panels and roofs with existing roof ballasts w/weight of 25 lb/ft2 are exempted from cool roof requirement.

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Scope of this Class





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HVAC

Minimum AFUE, SEER, EER

SEER vs EER

Prescriptive requirementNo prescriptive alternativesHVAC change-outs

Refrigerant Charge MeasurementCooling Coil AirflowFat Watt Draw

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HVAC

Appliance Efficiency Regulations set HVAC efficiency minimums in Prescriptive Packages

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HVAC

Prescriptive Packages refer to Appliance Efficiency Regulations minimums

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HVAC


SEER vs EER

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HVAC


SEER vs EER

Questions:

What is the difference between EER and SEER?

Why does it matter?

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HVAC


SEER vs EER

EER is measured at 80 degrees indoor air running continuously

SEER is measured by using the EER and factoring in the same unit running under a lighter load (80 degrees indoor, 82 degrees outdoor and cycling on and off

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HVAC


SEER vs EER

Why this matters:

Possible for two units with the same SEER to have different EERs

For two units with a given SEER the one with the higher EER will be more efficient

EER’s higher than 10 require HERS verification

Take time to verify SEER and EER

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HVAC


SEER vs EER

Why this matters:

EER higher than 10 will trigger a HERS credit in the Title-24 compliance calculations

Will also appear on the CF-1R as a HERS measure required verification and a CF-4R

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HVAC


SEER vs EER

Bottom Line:Minimum efficiency levels remain essentially unchanged from 2005 standards. EER more important

Big change…..Duct testing, Refrigerant Charge Measurement, Cooling coil airflow & Fan Watt Draw

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HVAC


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HVAC


TXV verification or higher EER alternatives no longer options to avoid duct sealing & testing

Performance approach is an option to tradeoff against duct sealing & testing

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HVAC


HVAC change-outs

Ducts must be sealed and tested under any of the following circumstances:

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HVAC


HVAC change-outs

1. Air handler installed or replaced2. Outdoor condensing unit installed or replaced3. Cooling or heating coil installed or replaced4. Furnace heat exchanger installed or replaced5. When existing duct systems are altered in

climate zones 2, 9, 10, 11, 12-16

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HVAC

Refrigerant Charge MeasurementCooling Coil AirflowFan Watt Draw

Prescriptive Package Requirements

Refrigerant charge MeasurementClimate zones 2 and 8-15 (split systems only)

Cooling Coil Airflow (greater than 350 cfm per ton)Climate zones 10-15

Fan Watt Draw (less than 0.58 watt per cfm)Climate zones 10-15

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HVAC


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HVAC


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HVAC


Two permanently installed temperature sensors, one mounted on evap coil and one mounted on condenser coil.

Must be type K with plug leading to outside of equipment accessible to HERS raters without any disassembly

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HVAC


Two permanently installed temperature sensors, one mounted on evap coil and one mounted on condenser coil.

Must be type K with plug leading to outside of equipment accessible to HERS raters without any disassembly

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HVAC


Bottom line

These HERS measures are baseline in Package D so they will be widespread

Because they are required in Package D they are not available as a credit to help you go beyond Title-24

HVAC contractors will need to become familiar with testing procedure for all three HERS measures.

CF-6R HVAC forms will need to be filled out prior to HERS verification tests

Will need system in place for providing sensors, temperature and pressure access holes w/labels for HERS raters

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Scope of this Class





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TDV


New for 2008 Residential Standards

Previous versions of Title-24 did not account for time-of-use patternsTDV accounts for variations in cost related to time of day, seasons, geography, fuel type2008 Standards now places a higher value on energy savings during high cost timesEncourages designs that will reduce peak loads thru-out California.

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TDV


Example:Single family residence1800 sq. ft.Package D parameters

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TDV


Example:SFR residence1800 sq. ft.Package D

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TDV



1ST Perf RunFront facing N

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TDV



2nd Perf RunMultiple Orientations

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TDV


Strategies for TDV

Orientation is important is building design

Take advantage of all overhangs and side fins in building design

Model each window and door separately in compliance run

Utilize exterior shading devices

No credit for interior shading devices

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TDV


Bottom Line for TDV 2008

Building designs that generate high heating/cooling loads during peak energy cost periods will be severely penalized

Electric multipliers for 2008 up to 50 verses 20 in 2005 standards

Gas multipliers for 2008 up to 1.5 vs. 1.0 in 2005 standards

Upside: Energy saving features, strategies that reduce peak loads are rewarded greatly, can help you go “better than” Title-24

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Title-24 Building Energy Standards

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Scope of this Class





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Compliance Paths



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Building Envelope


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Building Envelope

2008 Upgrade Options

Opaque Options for credit:Superbatt insulationOverhangs/SidefinsHouse wrap

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Building Envelope


Superbatt insulationR-15: 3 ½” thickness 2x4 framingR-21: 5 ½” thickness 2x6 framing

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Building Envelope


OverhangsIgnored in prescriptive approachLarge credit using performanceRequires modeling each window/glazed door separately

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Building Envelope


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Building Envelope


House Wrap:Reduces building envelope air leakage

Must be applied continuouslyAll tears/breaks repairedHorizontal seams lappedVertical seams lappedWindows/penetrations taped or caulkedTaped or sealed at slab junction

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Building Envelope


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Building Envelope


Default tables 116-a & 116-b

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Building Envelope


Package D vs. NFRC labels

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Building Envelope


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Building Envelope


Glazing Strategies for Beyond Title-24:

Do not use default tables if possible

Relatively easy to hit 0.40 UF/SHGC target

Energy Star target of 0.30 UF/SHGC is driving window manufactures product more than California’s Title-24’s 0.40/0.40

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Building Envelope

Beyond Title-24: Envelope Results5

6Package DResults:

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Building Envelope


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Envelope Improvements Results:

Superbatt: R-15 wall insulation R-38 ceiling insulation

House wrap

Modeled overhangs and sidefins

Milgard Low-E windows: 0.30 U-factor 0.30 SHGC (Energystar)

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Building Envelope


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SuperbattHousewrapOverhangsMilgard Low-EWindows

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Scope of this Class





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HVAC Upgrades Beyond Title-24


SEER vs EER


Refrigerant Charge MeasurementCooling Coil AirflowFat Watt Draw

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HVAC Beyond Title-24

Prescriptive Packages refer to Appliance Efficiency Regulations minimums

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Appliance Efficiency Regulations set HVAC efficiency minimums in Prescriptive Packages

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HVAC Strategies

HVAC Strategies for Beyond Title-24:

Higher AFUE (90%+)

Higher SEER and higher EER

HVAC zoning

Ducts within conditioned space

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HVAC Strategies

HVAC Zoning

Living & Sleeping Zones

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HVAC

HVAC Strategies

Duct Location

Within Conditioned Space

Buried ducts

Both require extensive documentation

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Prescriptive requirementNo prescriptive alternativesNo credit potential

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Prescriptive Package D Requirements

Refrigerant charge MeasurementClimate zones 2 and 8-15 (split systems only)

Cooling Coil Airflow (greater than 350 cfm per ton)Climate zones 10-15

Fan Watt Draw (less than 0.58 watt per cfm)Climate zones 10-15

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HVAC Improvements Results:

90% AFUE

14 SEER 11.00 EER

HVAC Zoning

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Building Envelope


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Superbatt: R-15 wall insulation R-38 ceiling insulation

Overhangs, sidefins

Housewrap

Milgard Low-E windows: 0.30 U-factor 0.30 SHGC (Energystar)

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90% AFUE

14 SEER 11.00 EER

HVAC Zoning

Total: 25% better than Title-24

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Refrigerant Charge

Low Leakage AHU

Supply Duct Credits

Supply Duct

Location

Duct Sealing •Sealed and HERS verified less than 6% supply fan flow•Change-outs: 15% or less of fan flow Package D, no credit

• Conditioned space, buried ducts Credit, lots of documentation

• Reduced surface area Credit, lots of documentation

• NEW CEC certified AHU w/less than 2% leakage.Duct sealing & testing also required.

•CHANGED Refrigerant charge verified using one of three methods Invasive, non-invasive & CID. No TXV to trade against Package D,

No credit

HERS Measures

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Refrigerant Charge

Low Leakage AHU

Supply Duct Credits

HERS Measures

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Refrigerant Charge

Low Leakage AHU

Supply Duct Credits

HERS Measures

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Low Leakage AHU

Supply Duct Credits

HERS Measures

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Proper Refrigerant Charge Verification:

Will be very common because of change-out rules

Very cost-effective

Overcharged or undercharged system can reduce a 14 SEER unit to below 9 SEER

Must be performed by an independentHERS rater

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Cooling Capacity

High EER

Fan Watt Draw

CCA

CID • NEW Charge Indicator Device Credit, not yet available

• NEW Requires air handling units maintain supply airflow greater than 350 cfm per nominal ton of cooling capacity across the coil Package D, no credit

• NEW Requires fan watt draw less than 0.58 watts per cfm•Package D, no credit

• HVAC condenser & coil correctly matched to achieve high EER (above 10) Credit

•Credit for A/C equipment having cooling capacity that meets calculated maximum cooling load. Credit, load calcs req.

HERS Measures

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Photovoltaic

QII

Envelope Sealing

Ice Storage

A/C

Evap Cooled Condensers

• NEW Improves EER, water use limits & duct sealing, air flow, and refrigerant charge verification required. Credit

• NEW Shifts peak energy use to off-peak hours (Ice Bear) Additional HERS measures required Credit

• Sealing, caulking, gaskets. Verified by HERS blower door test.•Credit

• Framing stage field verification then insulation stage verification.• New QII verification for Spray Polyurethane Foam•Credit

• Not a Title-24 credit, New Solar Home Program requirement• HERS PV verifications required.

HERS Measures

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PhotovoltaicQII

Fan Watt Draw

Cooling Coil Airflow

Refrigerant Charge

Duct Sealing

HERS Measures

HERS Measures most commonly specified for 2008:

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Scope of this Class


HERS credits assumed in run:

Duct sealing & testing (Package D)Verified fan flow (package D)Refrigerant charge verification (Package D)EER verification (credit)HVAC zoning: (credit)QII (credit)

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Scope of this Class


HERS creditsresults:

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Scope of this Class


HERS credits left remaining:

Blower door testIce storage systemDucts in conditioned spaceMeasured duct surface areaWater cooled condenser

These credits can be used for plans with more glass area than baseline (20% CFA)

Also:Radiant heatingTankless water heater

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Building Envelope


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SuperbattRadiant BarrierHousewrapMilgard Low-EWindows

Adding a tanklesswater heater would have easily pushed results to15% better thanfor LEED

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Building Envelope

Beyond Title-24: Extreme Compliance5

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Shipping Container HouseMetal sidesMetal framingOver 50% glass/floor ratioJoshua Tree!

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Building Envelope


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Shipping Container House

Title-24 strategies:Isolated metal framing


Building Envelope


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Title-24 strategies:Exterior shading

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Building Envelope


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Title-24 strategies:HVAC zoningDuctless split unitsTankless water heatersHigh performancewindows/doors


Beyond Title-24


Resistance to HERS measures:

HVAC contractors (duct testing):Extra expense“our ducts don’t leak”

Insulation contractors:Extra expenseUnnecessary, “our installations pass inspection”

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Beyond Title-24



HVAC contractors (duct testing):“Our ducts don’t leak”Extra expense

Most new ducts leak over 25%Common problems:Poor duct designConnections not to codeLeaky fan coil unitsDucts not properly supported

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Beyond Title-24



Duct testing

Air Conditioning Contractors of AmericaQuality Installation Specification

HVAC industry guide that “establishes minimum criteria for the proper installation, maintenance and servicing of HVAC systems”

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Beyond Title-24



Duct testing

Air Conditioning Contractors of AmericaQuality Installation Specification

Uses identical criteria for allowable ductleakage as Title-24’s HERS duct sealing & testing procedures.

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Beyond Title-24


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Beyond Title-24


Resistance to HERS measures:Insulation contractors:Extra expenseUnnecessary, “our installations pass inspection”

Why is it more expensive to do it right?

What guidelines are insulation contractors using normally?

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Beyond Title-24


North American InsulationManufacturers of America

Guidelines for installation of insulation and hiring of insulation contractors

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Beyond Title-24


North American InsulationManufacturers of America

Guidelines virtually identical withHERS QII compliance checklist

If contractors follows this checklistthey likely will pass HERS QIIverification inspection

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Beyond Title-24


QII in Title-24 compliance run

R-13 wall insulation is derated to R-8 without QII

When QII assumed R-13 is improved to R-9.5

Baseline Title-24 assumes poor quality insulation

QII is credit for good quality installation

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Beyond Title-24

Beyond Title-24: HERS Measures7QII in real world: The good

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Beyond Title-24

Beyond Title-24: HERS Measures7QII in real world: the bad

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Beyond Title-24

Beyond Title-24: HERS Measures7QII in real world: the ugly

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Beyond Title-24

Beyond Title-24: HERS Measures7QII in real world

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Beyond Title-24


Bottom line

HERS measures represent one of the most cost-effective energy savings strategies in the energy code.

Energy savings & quality control

HVAC contractors and Insulation contractors willNeed to become familiar with HERS criteria for compliance.

HERS requirements are virtually identical to their own industry installation guidelines

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Beyond Title-24


QII Training for ContractorsCity of Santa Monica

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www.smgov.net/departments/ose/categories/buildGreen.aspx

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Compliance Forms

CF-6R Installation CertificateCF-4R Field Verification/HERS

Installation

Certificate of Compliance (CF-1R)

Prepared by Title-24 consultant or designer

Submitted to plancheck and approved copy provided to General

Contractor

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Compliance Forms


Installation

Certificate of Installation (CF-6R)

Filled out by contractor and sub-contractors

Provided to inspector & HERS Rater & later to the homeowner



Submitted to plancheck and approved copy provided to General

Contractor

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Compliance Forms


Installation

Certificate of Verification and Diagnostic (CF-4R)

Completed by HERS Rater Registered with CHEERS or Calcertsand copy provided to contractor

Certificate of Installation (CF-6R)

Filled out by contractor and sub-contractors

Provided to inspector & HERS Rater & later to the homeowner



Submitted to plancheck and approved copy provided to General Contractor

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Mark Madison CEPE, CEA, AEE, HERS Rater, GreenPoint Rater, ResNet Rater, Member CABEC, CHEERS

Technology

Advanced Residential T24 - Compliance Class