802.11: a jet plane window’s view

802.11: a jet plane window’s view

L.M.Ward

April, 2013 | WLAN| 2

l Let’s make this more interesting

l Encourage active participation from the audience … ask questions,

make comments

l 3 Main Points today

l 802.11: Where are we today?

l 802.11: What’s Coming in the future?

l 802.11 and Wi-Fi Alliance: What is important for cellular operators

and device makers?

Before we get started ….


802.11: Where are we today?What does IEEE 802 cover?

l The IEEE 802 Standards Committee

l Formed in 1980 by the Computer Society

l Develops specifications for LAN, MAN and PAN

l Focus on the PHY and MAC (data link in the OSI Model)

l For wireless medium, several working groups exist

l 802.11: WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)

l 802.15: WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network)

l 802.16: WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Network)

l 802.21: Medium independent handovers

l 802.22: WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Networks)

l Also several TAGs (Technical Advisory Groups)

l 802.18 (regulatory & spectrum issues)

l 802.19 (Coexistence)

l 802.24 (Smart Grid)

OSI Reference Model

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physcial

Medium

IEEE

802

R&SA1

Slide 3

R&SA1 Need reference for picture .. I think it's from one of the IEEE newbie trainings.Rohde & Schwarz America, 3/14/2013


802.11: Where are we today?Support from Industry Alliance

l Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA)

l Formed in 1999 to promote wi-fi and ensure interoperability

l 500 + member companies including Apple, Microsoft, Comcast,

Texas Instruments, Broadcom, Qualcomm, Intel

l Many active marketing and technical task groups

l WFA lab hosts many plugfests and test events for IoT (Interop Test)

l Top 3 WFA groups of interest to operators:

l OMTG (Operator’s Marketing Task Group)

l HS2.0 (Hotspot 2.0) aka PasspointTM

l CWG (Converged Wireless Group)


802.11: Where are we today?From Idea to Standard

[1] Picture from “Idea Guy." Graphic Arts Association. GAA, 16 Mar. 2011. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. http://www.graphicartsassociation.com/2013/02/28/ideas-for-activities/idea-guy/[2] Picture from ‘Propose a Study Group’, Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, Web: 22 Mar. 2013. http://www.olli-dc.org/currentsemester/propose_studygroup.html\[3] image from http://www.ieee802.org/11/Photographs/2010/201009/full/IMG_7634.JPG, Web: 22 Mar 2013[4] image from http://wdet.org/shows/elections-2012/episode/KnowBeforeYouVoteGuide/ Web 2 April 2013[5] image from http://www.ucps.k12.nc.us/board_contracts.php Web 2 April 2013

[1]

WNG(Wireless Next

Generation)

[2]

Study Group

[3]

Task Group

[4]

Letter and

Sponsor

[5]

IEEE SA


802.11: Where are we today?What do those letters mean? OR Let’s take a stroll down memory lane

Radio Improvements

IEEE 802.11b

11Mbps 2.4GHz

802.11a

54Mbps 5GHz

802.11i

Security

TKIP +AES

Encryption

802.11g

54Mbps2.4GHz

2007

MAC Improvements 802.11e

Wi-Fi

Quality of

Service

Picture based on slide 5 of“White Spaces Mobile Devices: and the Consumer Market.’ author: Perry Correll" TMCNet.com. 13 Sept. 2011. Web. 2 Apr. 2013.

IEEE 802.11d

Addl Regulatory

802.11h

EU 5GHz Oper

802.11j

Japan 4.9-5GHz

802.11-2007

802.11-1999 +

a+b+d+g+h+i+j+e

20062005200420032002200120001999


802.11: Where are we today?What do those letters mean? OR Let’s take a stroll down memory lane

Radio Improvements

802.11n

600Mbps 2.4/5GHz

802.11ad

VHT 60 GHz

2000 Mbps

20132008

MAC Improvements

802.11r

Fast

Roaming

Picture based on slide 5 of “White Spaces Mobile Devices: and the Consumer Market.’ author: Perry Correll" TMCNet.com. 13 Sept. 2011. Web. 2 Apr. 2013.

802.11k

Radio

Resource

Mgmt

802.11y

US 3.65-3.7GHz

802.11w

Protected

Mgmt

Frames

2009 2010 2011 2012

802.11p

WAVE

802.11z

Direct Link

Setup (DLS)

802.11v

Wireless NW Mgmt

802.11u

Ext’l NW Interface

802.11s

Mesh

802.11-2012

802.11-2007 +

r+k+y+n+w+p+z+v+u+s

802.11aa

Robust Video Stream

802.11ae

Mgmt Frame Priority


802.11: What’s Coming in the future?802.11mc

l Sometimes called the maintenance groupl Developing the next base 802.11 standard which will incorporate

l 802.11-2012

l IEEE Std 802.11aa™-2012: MAC Enhancements for Robust Video Streaming

l IEEE Std 802.11ae™-2012: Prioritization of Management Frames

l IEEE Std 802.11ad™-2012: Very High Throughput in the 60 GHz Band

l Technical corrections and clarifications to IEEE Std 802.11 if needed

l Currently at Draft v1.1 and it is over 2200 pages long!l Expected Publication Date: March 2015l Why is it interesting?

l Any mistakes in an approved amendment or in 802.11-2012 may be corrected during the revision project.

l 802.11-2012 should be checked when implementing an amendment to make sure nothing changed. (For ex., 11n spectrum mask & flatness).


802.11: What’s Coming in the future?802.11ac

l Also known as VHT (Very High Throughput in 5 GHz Band)

l Amending 802.11 standard for VHT (rates to 6933.3 Mb/s)

l Currently at Draft v5

l Draft is fairly stable now

l Certification by the WFA expected to launch in June 2013

l Expected Publication Date: February, 2014

l Why is it interesting?

l It is based on the already successful 802.11n amendment

l Added subcarrier modulation option of 256 QAM

l Added wider bandwidths (80 MHz mandatory; 160 & 80+80 MHz

optional)

l Added MU-MIMO option


802.11: What’s Coming in the future?802.11af

l WLAN operation in the White Spaces

l Defines enhancements to enable WLAN in the TVWS

l Currently at Draft v3

l Expected Publish Date June, 2014


l Uses sub GHz frequencies

l Based on 11ac PHY

l FCC authorized TVWS database

for unlicensed radio nationwide

– Google and Keybridge currently in trials

– https://www.google.org/spectrum/whitespace/index.html

– http://keybridgeglobal.com/whitespace

Picture from "Browse Spectrum." Google Spectrum Database. Google, 29 Jan. 2013. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. <https://www.google.org/spectrum/whitespace/channel/index.html>.


802.11: What’s Coming in the future?802.11ah

l Sub 1 GHz License-Exempt Operation

l Defines enhancements to use WLAN in unlicensed sub GHz

l 1st draft expected summer 2013

l Expected Publication Date: end of 2015


l Uses sub GHz frequencies with

transmission range up to 1km

l Use cases include

– sensor and meters,

– backhaul sensor and meter data,

– and extended range wi-fi

l PHY and MAC have special features for IoT (Internet of Things)

Picture and Information from "WFA Call for action on IEEE 802.11ah." Wi-Fi Alliance Long Range Task Group. David Halasz and Rolf de Vegt, March. 2013. Web. 3 Apr. 2013. <https://groups.wi-fi.org/apps/org/workgroup/longrange/download.php/37204/IEEE%20802%2011ah%20Overview%20and%20Call%20to%20action_v4_0313.pdf>.


802.11: What’s Coming in the future?802.11ai

l Aka FILS (Fast Initial Link Setup)

l Defines enhancements to MAC only

l Currently at draft v0.4

l Expected Publication Date: February 2015


l Will improve user experience as setup time will be reduced

l Will enable more users to simultaneously connect to an AP

l Many use cases including

– hotspot pass through (11ai should increase efficiency of data offloading)

– Real Time travel information

– Handover from 3G to WLAN so that an interactive session ‘survives’

"Use Case Reference List for TGai." IEEE 802.11 Mentor. Tom Siep, May 10. 2011. Web. 3 Apr. 2013. <https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/11/>.


802.11aj PCP 802.11ad STA

802.11aj STA

60GHz

802.11: What’s Coming in the future?802.11aj

l CMMW: China mm-Wave (59-64 GHz & 45 GHz band)

l Defines enhancements to 11ad for operation in China

l 1st draft expected early 2014

l Expected Publication Date: October, 2016


l Includes 802.11ad use cases plus:

– Portable device applications:

– Peer-to-Peer Communication Between Portable Devices

– Rapid Download Mass Data from Fixed Device (e.g. Kiosk)

– Cloud Computing /Storage & Mass Data Synchronization

– Wireless Peripheral Application (e.g. HD Display , printer, etc.)

– Wireless Networking: Access to Internet/intranet via Millimeter-Wave AP

"IEEE 802.11aj Usage Models Document." IEEE 802.11 Mentor. Jiamin Chen, et.al., 23 January 2013. Web. 3 Apr. 2013. <https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/12/>.

Image from “Proposal of Channelization for 802.11aj.” IEEE 802.11 Mentor. Bo Sun., 23 January 2013. Web. 3 Apr. 2013. < https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/13/>.


802.11: What’s Coming in the future?802.11ak

l Enhancements For Transit Links Within Bridged Networks

l Enhances the ability of 802.11 wireless to work with wired devices within a VLAN (Virtual LAN)

l NesCom approved project Dec 12; Timeline not set yet


l Two primary use cases:

– Home Entertainment Systems

– Industrial Control Equipment


802.11: What’s Coming in the future?802.11aq

l PAD: Pre-Association Discovery

l Modifies MAC so services can be discovered before assoc

l 1st draft expected early 2014

l Expected Publication Date: May, 2015


l Many use cases (22) including

– fixing gaps in 802.11 ANDSF

– ANDSF: Access Network Discovery and Selection Function

– enables discovery and usage of ‘mobility services’

– Operator or Internet Access

– Distinguishes if a WLAN has access to the operator’s core network

– Distinguishes if a seamless handover from/to cellular network is possible

– Gaming

– Service discovery

“Use Case Analysis." IEEE 802.11 Mentor. Stephan McCann, Dan Gal, 15 January 2013. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. <https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/13/11-13-0125-04-00aq-use-case-analysis.doc/>.

Internet

Interne


802.11: What’s Coming in the future?IEEE 802.11 HEW (“High Efficiency WLAN”) Study Group

l Driven by Orange supported by AT&T and China Mobile

l First meeting will be May, 2013

l Three key focus points:

l Improve efficiency in dense networks with large no. of STAs

– Increase flexibility in use of resources to multiplex users efficiently

– Increase MAC efficiency and avoid collisions

l Improve efficiency in dense networks with large no. of APs

– Provide mechanisms to coordinate neighboring APs

– Reduce interference between APs

– Provide consistent and flexible admission control and load balancing

– Reduce overhead from management frames

l Improve efficiency in outdoor deployments

– Improve uplink and improve reliability in non-LOS

– Improve robustness to higher delay spreads and Doppler

“High Efficiency WLAN" IEEE 802.11 Mentor. Laurent Cariou, et.al., 19 March 2013. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. <https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/13/11-13-0331-05-0wng-high-efficiency-wlan.ppt>.


What should the cellular industry care about?WFA: Operator Marketing Task Group

l Formed in 2010 to [1]

– Offer operators a place to provide suggestions/insights and end-

user feedback to the Wi-Fi industry

– Develop certifications that align with operator needs

– Ensure the link with other standard organization’s processes and

certification levels

l Chaired by France Telecom and T-Mobile

l 200+ individuals follow this group

l Current discussion topics

– Multi band steering (takes advantage of 2.4 and 5 GHz band if device can)

– Carrier Grade WiFi and improving efficiency

– ANQP (Access Network Query Protocol) Server Discovery

– Coexistence between wifi in 2.4 GHz and LTE-TDD in 2.3 GHz

[1] "Operators Marketing Task Group Formation Meeting.’" Wi-Fi Alliance . 31 Mar. 2010. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. <https://groups.wi-fi.org/apps/org/workgroup/omtg/documents.php?folder_id=906>.


What should the cellular industry care about?WFA: Passpoint aka Hotspot 2.0

l Formed in 2010– Goal make connecting to a WLAN HS (AP) as seamless as connecting to a

cellular NW (BS)

– Improves user experience

– Reduces data demands on the cellular network

l Chaired by Ericsson-AB and RIM

l 350+ individuals follow this group

l Based on IEEE 802.11u-2011

l Wi-Fi Alliance Passpoint Certification

– launched June 2012 and focused on NW discovery and selection as well as security

– Will add more features such as online sign up (OSU) and policy provisioning

– Recently issued an RFI for 2 or more vendors to offer Passpoint OSU certificates

– May use x.509

Image from "Wi-Fi Certified Passpoint and WBA’s Next Generation Hotspot (NGH)." Aruba Networks . 29 Jun. 2012. Web. 4 Apr. 2013. <http://www.arubanetworks.com/blogs/wifi-certified-passpoint/>.


What should the cellular industry care about?WFA: CWG (Converged Wireless Group)

l Formed in 2006

l As a joint effort with CTIA

l To develop tests for converged devices (i.e. cellular + wi-fi devices)

l Chaired by Blackberry

l Specifies tests & requirements for

l Conducted

– DUT connected to measurement tool via cable

– RF Output Power and Receiver sensitivity

l Radiated (OTA)

– CTIA RF test plan defines environment for these tests

– TRP/TIS

– Desense

l R&S OTA system expert, DAN, Talks here[1] “CTIA TEST PLAN REFERENCE


Take Away

l IEEE 802.11l Is one of the IEEE 802 wireless groups

l Focuses on MAC/PHY

l Has created a popular successful technology for wireless internet access

l Is supported by an industry alliance: Wi-Fi Alliance

l IEEE 802.11

l Continues to improve and move ahead

l Has many exciting amendments underway

l Many activities of importance to cellular industry

l 802.11 developing amendments to improve user experience

– PHY: 11ac, 11af, 11ah, 11aj

– MAC: 11ai, 11ak, 11aq

l Wi-Fi Alliance has several groups of particular interest

– OMTG

– Hotspot 2.0

– CWG (Converged Wireless Group)


BACKUP


Official IEEE SA org chart


11ah back upData Rate Set


11aj channelization 60 GHz(from IEEE 802.11-13/0176r0)

l China only has 5GHz bandwidth available in 59-64GHz => only has two logical channels if only use 2.16 GHz BW

l Divide 2.16GHz channel used in 802.11ad into two 1.08GHz channels => then it become 6 logical channels: 2 with 2.16GHz bandwidth (Channel 2 & 3), 4 with 1.08GHz

bandwidth (Channel 5, 6, 7, 8)；；；；


11aj channelization 45 GHz(from IEEE 802.11-13/0176r0)

l A minimum of 270MHz channel bandwidth can be used as a fundamental channel, with a maximum of 12 independent channels available.

l With 540MHz channel bandwidth, up to 6 channels available.

l With 1.08GHz channel bandwidth, up to 3 channels available.

Technology

802.11: a jet plane window’s view