Upload
-
View
954
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
In 1981 , Intel released the 8051, the 1st 8-bit microcontroller .
It allowed other manufacturers to make alternate versions of 8051
The main features of 8051 microcontroller are:
• RAM – 128 Bytes
• ROM – 4Kbytes
• UART
• Two 16 bit Timer/ Counter
• 4 I/O Ports
• 6 Interrupt Sources
• 8 – bit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
• Harvard Memory Architecture
• 16 bit Address bus
• 8 bit Data Bus.
8051 can execute 1 million one-cycle instructions per second with a
clock frequency of 12MHz.
Intel fabricated the original 8051 which is known as MCS-51.
The other two members of the 8051 family are:
i. 8052
ii. 8031
Features 8051 8052 8031
RAM(bytes) 128 256 128
ROM 4K 8K 0K Timers 2 3 2 Serial port 1 1 1
I/O pins 32 32 32
Interrupt sources 6 8 6
Comparison of 8051 family members:
Atmel fabricated the flash ROM version of 8051.
it is popularly known as AT89C51 (‘C’ in the part number
indicates CMOS).
Part Number
ROM RAM I/O pins Timer Interrupt Vcc Packaging
AT89C51 4K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
AT89C52 8K 256 32 3 8 5V 40
AT89C1051 1K 64 15 1 3 3V 20
AT89C2051 2K 128 32 3 8 3V 20
AT89LV51 4K 128 32 2 6 3V 40
AT89LV52 8K 128 32 3 8 3V 40
Versions of 8951 from Atmel (All ROM Flash)
AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation
Various Speeds of 8051 from Atmel:
Part Number Speed Pins Packaging Use
AT89C51-12PC 12MHz 40 DIP Plastic Commercial
AT89C51-16PC 16MHz 40 DIP Plastic Commercial
AT89C51-20PC 20MHz 40 DIP Plastic Commercial
o AT – Atmel
o C - CMOS (consumes less power)
AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation
o 12 - Speed as 12 MHz
o P – Plastic DIP packaging
o C - Commercial use
AT89C51-12PC is favourably used by students for projects.
Part No. RAM ROM Timers I/O pins Interrupts Vcc Packaging
DS5000-8 128 8K 2 32 6 5V 40
DS5000-32 128 32K 2 32 6 5V 40
DS5000T-8 128 8K 2 32 6 5V 40
DS5000T-8 128 32K 2 32 6 5V 40
Versions of 8051 from Dallas Semiconductor
‘T’ signifies the real time clock (RTC)
which is different from the timer.
Even though the power is turned off, the real time clock generates and displays the date and the time of day.
DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor
Versions of 8051 Dallas Semiconductor
o The part number DS5000-8-8
o 8 - 8K NV-RAM
o 8 – Speed of 8MHz.
DS5000-8-12 is favourably used by students for their projects.
Part Number NV-RAM Speed
DS5000-8-8 8K 8MHz
DS5000-8-12 8K 12MHz
DS5000-32-8 32K 8MHz
DS5000-32-12 32K 12MHz
DS5000T-8-12 8K 12MHz
DS5000T-32-8 32K 8MHz
DS5000 from Dallas Semiconductor
• PIC microcontroller was developed by General Instruments in 1975.
• PIC was developed General Instruments was testing its 16-bit CPU
CP1600.
• CP1600 was a good CPU but it had low I/O performance.
• In 1985, General Instruments converted their Microelectronics
Division to Microchip.
• PIC stands for Peripheral Interface Controller.
Microchip Vs. General instrument &PIC
Since 1998, Microchip developed new high performance uc. &
enhanced peripherals.
PIC microcontroller is based on Harvard architecture.
PIC microcontrollers are widely used for industrial purpose .
It is very famous among hobbyists due to
• moderate cost
• easy availability of its supporting SW & how tools like compilers,
simulators etc.
Microchip &PIC
The 8-bit PIC microcontroller is
divided into following four
categories :
1. Base Line PIC
2. Mid-Range PIC
3. Enhanced Mid-Range PIC
4. PIC18
Baseline Architecture PIC10, PIC12, PIC16
• The least complex PIC microcontrollers.
• 12-bit instruction architecture
• Smallest and cheapest PICs
• Available with 6 to 40 pin packaging.
• Replaced the traditional ICs like 555, logic gates etc.
• includes the PIC10F family and portions of the PIC12 and PIC16
families.
1-Baseline Architecture
Mid-Range Architecture PIC10, PIC12, PIC16
small package footprints.
14-bit instruction architecture
work up to 20 MHz speed.
Available with 8 to 64 pin packaging.
Available with different peripherals: ADC, PWM, Op-Amps and different communication protocols like USART, SPI,
I2C (TWI), etc.
Includes PIC12 and PIC16 families
Available with Flash and OTP program memory options.
The Flash products operate with voltage range of 2.0V to 5.5V.
2-Mid range Architecture
Enhanced version of Mid-Range core.
Provides additional performance.
Greater flash memory
High speed at very low power consumption.
includes multiple peripherals and supports protocols :
USART, SPI, I2C and so on.
3-Enhanced Mid range Architecture
PIC18 Architecture
16-bit instruction architecture
The highest performer among the all 8-bit PIC families.
Available With 18 to 80-pin package options.
10 MIPS operating performance
integrated with new age communication protocols:
USB, CAN, LIN, Ethernet (TCP/IP protocol).
supports the connectivity of Human Interface Devices :
Segmented LCDs & mTouch Touch Sensing
The two-stage instruction pipeline
4-PIC18 Architecture
PIC18 J-Series PIC18 K-Series
12 MIPS 16 MIPS
2.0-3.6V 1.8-5.5
Emulated EE in Flash EEPROM
Typically Lower Cost for
Equivalent Products
Slightly Higher Cost for
Equivalent Products
4-PIC18 Architecture
Base Line Mid-Range Enhanced Mid-
Range PIC18
No. of Pins 6-40 8-64 8-64 18-100
Program
Memory Up to 3 KB Up to 14 KB Up to 28 KB Up to 128 KB
Data Memory Up to 134 Bytes Up to 368 Bytes Up to 1.5 KB Up to 4 KB
Instruction
Length 12-bit 14-bit 14-bit 16-bit
No. of
instruction set 33 35 49 83
Speed 5 MIPS 5 MIPS 8 MIPS Up to 16 MIPS
Feature • Comparator • 8-bit ADC
• Data Memory •Internal Oscillator
In addition of
baseline · SPI · I2C
· UART · PWM
· 10-bit ADC · OP-Amps
In addition of Mid-
range · High Performance
· Multiple
communication
peripherals
In addition of
Enhanced Mid-
range • CAN • LIN • USB
• Ethernet • 12-bit ADC
Families PIC10,PIC12, PIC16 PIC12, PIC16 PIC12F1XXX, PIC16F1XXX
PIC18
The PIC microcontrollers are available with different memory options
which are mask ROM, EPROM and flash memory.
Symbol Memory Type Example
C EPROM PIC16Cxxx
CR Mask ROM PIC16CRxxx
F Flash memory PIC16Fxxx
Different symbols as given in the following table
Memory variations:
PIC available with extended voltage ranges which reduce the frequency
range.
The operating voltage range of these PICs is 2.0-6.0 volts.
The letter ‘L’ is included in controller’s name to denote extended voltage
range controllers. For example, PIC16LFxxx (Operating voltage 2.0-6.0 volts).
LCD PIC Microcontrollers
High Performance Mid-Range
PIC18F6390 PIC18F8390 PIC16F913
PIC18F63J90 PIC18F83J90 PIC16F914
PIC18F6490 PIC18F8490 PIC16F916
PIC18F64J90 PIC18F84J90 PIC16F917
PIC18F65J90 PIC18F85J90 PIC16F946
PIC Microcontrollers with LCD
Microchip’s new series of PIC microcontrollers with on-chip LCD driver control
Device Family
PIC18F2450 PIC16C745
PIC18F2455 PIC16C765
PIC18F2550
PIC18F4450
PIC18F4455
PIC18F4550
PIC with Integrated USB
Ethernet Family
PIC18F66J60
PIC18F66J65
PIC18F67J60
PIC18F86J60
PIC18F86J65
PIC18F87J60
PIC18F96J60
PIC18F96J65
PIC18F97J60
PIC with Ethernet
PIC with CAN
Device Family
PIC18F4685
PIC18F66K80
Also known as Advanced Virtual RISC.
The AT90S8515 was the first microcontroller
which was based on AVR architecture.
The first microcontroller to hit the commercial
market was AT90S1200 in the year 1997.
Atmel have a big world of 8-bit and 32-bit RISC MCU families. From lowest cost tinyAVR to high performance megaAVR or AVR XMEGA
family
From 16 MIPS up 32 MIPS with pin counts from 8 up to 100 pins.
Flash memories from 1K up to 256K are available.
Less memory small size low power consumption internal RC Oscillator integrated EEPROM A/D Converter On-Chip 8-bit/16-bit timers and Watchdog High Frequency PWM with PLL On-Chip debug interface (debug WIRE) suitable only for simpler applications.
Atmel tinyAVR
Atmel tinyAVR
• These are the most popular ones
• having good amount of memory (upto 256 KB)
• higher number of inbuilt peripherals
o 10-bit A/D converter o USART, SPI and TWI compliant serial interfaces o On-Chip 8-bit/16-bit timers and Watchdog o 8 x 8 Hardware Multiplier o On-Chip debug through JTAG or (debugWIRE)
• suitable for moderate to complex applications.
• integrated EEPROM
• Package range from 28-pin to 100-pin
Atmel MegaAVR
Atmel MegaAVR
Used for complex applications.
up to 32 MIPS.
Memory size range from 16 to 384 KB of Flash
the CPU can spend less time handling peripherals and even more time
in sleep mode.
suited for:
a variety of applications including audio systems, ZigBeeR, power tools,
medical , board controllers, networking, metering,
optical transceivers, motor control, white goods and any battery
powered product.
Atmel XMegaAVR
Event System communication without CPU or DMA usage.
This ensures 100% predictable and short response time.
Up to 8 simultaneous events or interrupt conditions
DMA Controller 4-channel DMA Controller .
handles transfers data between all combinations of data
memories and peripherals independent CPU .
Real 12-bit ADC and DAC high-speed 12-bit analog peripherals.
Capable of up to 2 Msps,
Since XMEGA also features
two 12-bit DAC with up to 1 Msps
four analog comparators,
XMEGA microcontrollers have leading analog
integration.
Atmel Xmega AVR
Atmel Xmega AVR
Product EEPROM (Bytes)
RAM (Bytes) LCD
ATmega169(P)(A) 512 1K 4x25
ATmega329(P)(A) 1K 2K 4x25
ATmega649(P)(A) 2K 4K 4x25
ATmega3290(P)(A) 1K 2K 4x40
ATmega6490(P)(A) 2K 4K 4x40
AVR with LCD
AVR with Can driver
Product
ATmega32C1
ATmega64C1
AT90CAN32
AT90CAN64
AT90CAN128
The CAN AVR devices range from 32 K to 128 K Byte flash memory.
AVR with CAN
Product
AT90USB646
AT90USB1286
AT90USB647
AT90USB1287
ATmega16U4
ATmega32U4
ATmega8U2
ATmega16U2
ATmega32U2
AT90USB162
AT90USB82
AVR with USB