Layers of the Earth

8-3.1Intro

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VIW’s

1. Crust2. Mantle3. Core4. Density5. Composition6. Lithosphere7. Asthenosphere8. Oceanic crust – basalt9. Continental crust - granite

Learning Objectives

8-3The student will demonstrate an understanding of materials that determine the structure of the Earth and the processes that have altered this structure.

8-3.1Summarize the three layers of Earth – crust, mantle, and core – on the basis of relative position, density, and composition.

Essential Information• The Earth has layers that have specific conditions

(states) and composition (made up of).

Summary of Earth’s LayersLayer Relative Position Density Composition

Crust Outermost layer; thinnest under the ocean, thickest under continents; crust and top of mantle called the lithosphere

Mantle

Core

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Summary of Earth’s LayersLayer Relative Position Density Composition

Crust Outermost layer; thinnest under the ocean, thickest under continents; crust and top of mantle called the lithosphere

Mantle Middle layer, thickest layer; top portion called the asthenosphere

Core

Copy Table into Notebook

Summary of Earth’s LayersLayer Relative Position Density Composition

Crust Outermost layer; thinnest under the ocean, thickest under continents; crust and top of mantle called the lithosphere

Mantle Middle layer, thickest layer; top portion called the asthenosphere

Core Inner layer, consists of two parts – outer core and inner core

Copy Table into Notebook

Summary of Earth’s LayersLayer Relative Position Density Composition

Crust Outermost layer; thinnest under the ocean, thickest under continents; crust and top of mantle called the lithosphere

Least dense layer overall; Oceanic crust (basalt) is more dense than continental crust (granite)

Mantle Middle layer, thickest layer; top portion called the asthenosphere

Core Inner layer, consists of two parts – outer core and inner core

Copy Table into Notebook

Summary of Earth’s LayersLayer Relative Position Density Composition

Crust Outermost layer; thinnest under the ocean, thickest under continents; crust and top of mantle called the lithosphere

Least dense layer overall; Oceanic crust (basalt) is more dense than continental crust (granite)

Mantle Middle layer, thickest layer; top portion called the asthenosphere

Density increases with depth because of increasing pressure

Core Inner layer, consists of two parts – outer core and inner core

Copy Table into Notebook

Summary of Earth’s LayersLayer Relative Position Density Composition

Crust Outermost layer; thinnest under the ocean, thickest under continents; crust and top of mantle called the lithosphere

Least dense layer overall; Oceanic crust (basalt) is more dense than continental crust (granite)

Mantle Middle layer, thickest layer; top portion called the asthenosphere

Density increases with depth because of increasing pressure

Core Inner layer, consists of two parts – outer core and inner core

Heaviest material; most dense layer

Copy Table into Notebook

Summary of Earth’s LayersLayer Relative Position Density Composition

Crust Outermost layer; thinnest under the ocean, thickest under continents; crust and top of mantle called the lithosphere

Least dense layer overall; Oceanic crust (basalt) is more dense than continental crust (granite)

Solid Rock – mostly silicon and oxygenOceanic crust – basalt;Continental crust – granite

Mantle Middle layer, thickest layer; top portion called the asthenosphere

Density increases with depth because of increasing pressure

Core Inner layer, consists of two parts – outer core and inner core

Heaviest material; most dense layer

Copy Table into Notebook

Summary of Earth’s LayersLayer Relative Position Density Composition

Crust Outermost layer; thinnest under the ocean, thickest under continents; crust and top of mantle called the lithosphere

Least dense layer overall; Oceanic crust (basalt) is more dense than continental crust (granite)

Solid Rock – mostly silicon and oxygenOceanic crust – basalt;Continental crust – granite

Mantle Middle layer, thickest layer; top portion called the asthenosphere

Density increases with depth because of increasing pressure

Hot softened rock; contains iron and magnesium

Core Inner layer, consists of two parts – outer core and inner core

Heaviest material; most dense layer

Copy Table into Notebook

Summary of Earth’s LayersLayer Relative Position Density Composition

Crust Outermost layer; thinnest under the ocean, thickest under continents; crust and top of mantle called the lithosphere

Least dense layer overall; Oceanic crust (basalt) is more dense than continental crust (granite)

Solid Rock – mostly silicon and oxygenOceanic crust – basalt;Continental crust – granite

Mantle Middle layer, thickest layer; top portion called the asthenosphere

Density increases with depth because of increasing pressure

Hot softened rock; contains iron and magnesium

Core Inner layer, consists of two parts – outer core and inner core

Heaviest material; most dense layer

Mostly iron and nickel; outer core – slow flowing liquid, inner core, solid

Copy Table into Notebook

How can you use your hands to remember the layers of the Earth?

Draw and label all 3 layers of the Earth

• Outermost layer; thinnest under the ocean, thickest under continents; contains the lithosphere

• Middle layer, thickest layer; top portion called the asthenosphere

• Inner layer, consists of two parts

• Heaviest material; most dense layer

• Density increases with depth because of increasing pressure

• Least dense layer overall; Oceanic crust (basalt) is more dense than continental crust (granite)

• Hot softened rock; contains iron and magnesium

• Solid Rock – mostly silicon and oxygen• Oceanic basalt• Continental granite

• Mostly iron and nickel; outer slow flowing liquid, inner part, solid

Solid Rock – mostly silicon and oxygenOceanic crust – basalt;Continental crust – granite

Hot softened rock; contains iron and magnesium

Mostly iron and nickel; outer core – slow flowing liquid, inner core, solid

Layers of the Earth ProjectDirections:1. Accurately label the layers of the Earth – Include the relative position– Density– composition

2. Include at least 3 major features for each Earth layer

M&M Earth’s

The lithosphere is a "rocky“ rigid outermost shell of a rocky planet. On Earth, it comprises the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or more.

Asthenosphere - is a portion of the upper mantle just below the lithosphere that is involved in plate tectonic movements. The asthenosphere is a highly viscous, mechanically weak deforming region, but pressures keeps it like a thick soupy plastic. The Asthenosphere has a relatively low density so Seismic waves pass relatively slowly through the asthenosphere compared to the overlying lithosphere.

Geologists Notebook:Digging Through Earth

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PoP- Layers of the Earth• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9j1xGaxYzY

• The chart below shows data about the Earth's layers.

What information can be concluded from the information in the chart? A. The temperature of the earth increases as you go deeper into the earth B. The density of the earth gets greater as you go deeper into the earth C. The temperature of the earth decreases as you go deeper into the earth D. The density of the earth decreases as you go deeper into the earth

Use the table below to answer the following question:

The table above describes the layers of the Earth. Which of the following correctly labels these layers?

A. Layer A = Core ; Layer B = Crust ; Layer C = Mantle B. Layer A = Mantle ; Layer B = Core ; Layer C = Crust C. Layer A = Core ; Layer B = Mantle ; Layer C = Crust D. Layer A = Crust ; Layer B = Mantle ; Layer C = Core

Which of the following statements is true about Earth’s crust?

A. It is thicker under the continents than under the ocean.

B. It is more dense than other layers. C. It is the only layer where gravity exists. D. It is the origin of the earth’s magnetic field.

Which of the following inferences help scientists conclude Earth's magnetic poles are constantly changing?

A. Earth contains a magnetic liquid. B. Earth contains very dense solids. C. Earth contains a magnetic solid. D. Earth contains a very dense liquid.

Assessment Checklist

Summarize major points about the layers of EarthGeneralize major points about the crustGeneralize major points about the mantleGeneralize major points about the core of EarthCompare the layers of the EarthClassify and sequence the layers using informationIdentify each layer according to its properties

What does this evidence suggest about Earth’s Structure?

Crust

Oceanic crust

Mantle Asthenosphere

lithosphere

Outer core

Inner core

My Model

Cool Websites

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgPbzEkzBek&feature=related